Data Analysis and Findings

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter has evaluated the impact of the demographic factors and working
conditions on the choice of blue collar jobs. This chapter has evaluated the data collected
from the survey of 294 respondents to test the five hypothesis mentioned in the previous
chapter. The research has performed reliability analysis, correlation, cross tabulation and
regression to provide insights on the research topic.
4.2 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
The reliability analysis measures the scale reliability and internal consistency of the
data. In this research as there is negative correlation between the variables, the value is
negative. The negative value of regression does not imply that the data collected is not
reliable but consistency of the data is moderate. The item total statistics shows that all the
elements are important to the research and increases the overall consistency. The elimination
of any of the elements within the research results in reduction of the scale reliability. By
referring to the appendix 4, it can be seen that the value of alpha is -1.189 which is supposed
to be within 0 to 1. In this research, if the demographic, variables are deleted, the scale
reliability increases significantly. However, as these variables are being used as a predictive
elements, the incorporation of these factors is necessary.

4.2 QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
4.2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS
Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid ≥16 – 19 4 1.4 1.4 1.4
≥ 20 – 24 49 16.7 16.7 18.1
≥ 25 – 29 65 22.1 22.1 40.2
≥ 30 – 34 85 28.9 28.9 69.1
≥ 35 91 31.0 31.0 98.6
Total 294 100.0 100.0 100
Table 1: Age
Source: (As created by author)
Graph 1: Age
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of this question is to examine the age of the participants. The majority of
the respondents are above the age of 35 years closely followed by the respondents between

the age group of 30-34years having 29% contribution. On the other hand, it can be seen that
only 1% of the respondent are between the age group of 16-19, 22% are between the age
group of 25-29 years and remaining belong to the age group of 20-24years. This clearly
shows that majority of the respondents are above the age group of 30 years having a 60%
presence.
Geographic
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid East Malaysia 32 10.9 10.9 10.9
Peninsular Malaysia 262 89.1 89.1 100.0
Total 294 100.0 100.0
Table 2: Geographic
Source: (As created by author)
Graph 2: Geographic
Source: (As created by author)

The purpose of this questions is to highlight the geographical differences of the
participants in the research. The majority of the respondents belong to peninsular Malaysia
comprising of 89% of the respondent. The remaining respondents belong to East Malaysia
comprising of 11% of the respondents. The response frequencies have shown that as the
majority of the respondents belong to one region, it is difficult to consider this element as a
control variable and the result will be biased.
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Female 126 42.9 42.9 42.9
male 168 57.1 57.1 100.0
Total 294 100.0 100.0
Table 3: Gender
Source: (As created by author)
Graph 3: Gender
Source: (As created by author)
This questions aims to examine the gender of the respondents in the research and the
results show that 57% of the respondents are male and remaining are female respondents.

There is diversity among the respondents which has facilitated in using gender as one of the
control variables in the analysis. Therefore, it has been used to analyse if gender has any
relationship with the urge to take blue collar jobs.
Ethnicity
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Bumiputra 206 70.1 70.1 70.1
Chinese 66 22.4 22.4 92.5
India 19 6.5 6.5 99.0
Other 3 1.0 1.0 100.0
Total 294 100.0 100.0
Table 4: Ethnicity
Source: (As created by author)
Graph 4: Ethnicity
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the given question is to highlight the ethnicity of the participants. The
results show that 70% of the respondents are Bumiputra, 22% respondents are Chinese and
7% of the respondents are Indian. On the contrary, the remaining 1% belong to other ethnic

backgrounds and the diversity in ethnicity has facilitated in understanding the impact of
ethnicity on the desire to take up blue collar jobs in Malaysia.
Education
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Degree 68 23.1 23.1 23.1
Diploma 92 31.3 31.3 54.4
SPM / UEC / Secondary /
Certificate
124 42.2 42.2 96.6
Primary school & below 10 3.4 3.4 100.0
Total 294 100.0 100.0
Table 5: Education
Source: (As created by author)
Graph 5: Education
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the questions is to assess the education qualification of the
respondents. The results show that 42% of the respondents have completed either of

SPM/UEC/Secondary/Certificate courses and 31% of the respondents have completed their
diploma. On the other hand, 23% of the respondents have completed their degree courses and
only 4% have completed primary level education. The data is highly diversified which has
assisted in understanding the link between education qualification and the tendency to take up
blue collar jobs in Malaysia.
4.2.2 QUESTIONS ON BLUE COLLAR
Agree to take blue collar job
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agree 92 31.3 31.3 31.3
Disagree 31 10.5 10.5 41.8
Neutral 118 40.1 40.1 82.0
Strongly agree 36 12.2 12.2 94.2
Strongly disagree 17 5.8 5.8 100.0
Total 294 100.0 100.0
Table 6: Tendency to take up blue collar job
Source: (As created by author)
Table 6: Tendency to take up blue collar job
Source: (As created by author)

The purpose of the question is to examine the tendency of the respondents to take up
blue collar jobs in Malaysia. The results show that 40% of the respondents are neutral to the
questions, 12% have strongly agreed and 31% have agreed to the question. On the contrary,
11% have disagreed and 6% have strongly disagreed to the question. This shows that in
overall, 43% of the respondents have agreed to take up blue collar jobs but the factor to
consider are the 40% respondents that are neutral. These respondents may or may not take up
blue collar jobs where other circumstances have the ability to change their decision.
Moreover, the 17% of the respondents that have disagreed to take up blue collar jobs are
expected to have higher education qualification and are expected to land up in better jobs.
Salary
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 196 66.7 66.7 66.7
2 49 16.7 16.7 83.3
3 17 5.8 5.8 89.1
4 19 6.5 6.5 95.6
5 13 4.4 4.4 100.0
Total 294 100.0 100.0
Table 7: Salary
Source: (As created by author)