Medication Administration and Childcare Practices

This document provides a collection of resources and guidelines on medication administration, allergy management, and childcare practices. It covers topics such as adrenalaine auto-injectors for anaphylaxis, asthma policies, creating quiet spaces, toilet training, hygiene and infection control, medication refusal, and more. The document is intended for childcare professionals and parents who want to ensure a safe and healthy environment for children.

CHCECE002 Ensure The
Health and Safety of Children

TABLE OF CONTENT
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT........................................................................................................1
1. What is collaboration?.............................................................................................................1
2. How does collaboration establish a relationship with educators/ service providers and
families of the children in care? .................................................................................................1
3. Explain how regulations (in the NQF) outline provision for collaboration and establishing
relationships with families..........................................................................................................2
4. What regulation stipulates that education and care services must not divulge or
communicate information that is in a child’s record?.................................................................2
1. Under what circumstances can educators administer medication to the children in their
care? ...........................................................................................................................................3
2. What documentation must be completed when medications are administered to children?...3
3. What would you do if a child refused to take their medication? ...........................................4
1. Explain the procedures that must be followed to ensure that children’s bedding is clean and
does not carry infection risks. ....................................................................................................4
2. Why is it necessary to have a quiet area? Describe what a quiet area/s should include.........4
Activity 4................................................................................................................................5
1. What information can be included in a daily record to share with parents?...........................5
2. What would you do if a child refused to wear a jumper or jacket when playing outside in
winter? ........................................................................................................................................6
3. Give eight examples of what you can do to support children when they are learning to use
the toilet.......................................................................................................................................6
1. When should staff/ educators and children wash their hands? List 10...................................7
2. How can you encourage children to develop good hygiene practices?...................................7
1. Why is it necessary for education and care services to maintain regular and routine cleaning
and sanitising procedures?..........................................................................................................8
2. What are at least five of the stains or spillages with which you might have to deal with as
part of daily work? For each type of stain or spillage, explain the procedures you would
follow to clean them....................................................................................................................8

1. Undertake your own research and find out what the symptoms of the following illnesses
are, give a brief description for each:..........................................................................................9
2. You notice that a child in your care has developed an all over body rash. What would your
next steps be? ...........................................................................................................................10
3. What types of medical emergency can occur in an education and care service?..................10
4. In the case where a child seriously injures themselves, explain the procedures you would
follow........................................................................................................................................11
5. What procedures would you follow when contacting a parent to inform them that their child
is ill? .........................................................................................................................................11
6. What are exclusion periods and why are they important?....................................................11
7. Why is friendly communication important when discussing health or hygiene issues with
children?....................................................................................................................................12
1. What needs to be considered when planning a supervision plan? List at least eight factors to
consider.....................................................................................................................................12
2. Why is it important to provide appropriate levels of supervision of children? Provide at
least five reasons.......................................................................................................................13
3. What details about the children do educators need to know for effective supervision, and
what information should be exchanged with colleagues to ensure adequate supervision? (100-
150 words).................................................................................................................................13
1. What regulation of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011 stipulates
that premises, furniture and equipment must be safe, clean and in good repair? (75-100 words)
...................................................................................................................................................14
2. Things that are to be scheduled for children.........................................................................14
3. What should be included on a monthly safety checklist of an education and care service?
List at least seven examples......................................................................................................15
1. Why should items used in an education and care centre be clearly labelled? ......................15
2. Explain why proper storage of chemicals is important in a child care environment. ..........15
1. What does Regulation 99 of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011
require from education and care services to ensure children are not released to unauthorised
people? .....................................................................................................................................15

2. What procedures can be followed to assist in the supervision of every person who enters an
education and care service? ......................................................................................................16
1. Explain the sun protection procedures that should be followed in an education and care
service.......................................................................................................................................16
1. Carry out an inspection of three items of equipment in a work environment or a playground
in a park or your home..............................................................................................................16
2. Why is it necessary to conduct, as part of the daily routine, checks of the environment and
of equipment? ...........................................................................................................................17
3.Why must fire exits be kept clear of obstructions at all times?.............................................17
1. What is anaphylaxis?.............................................................................................................17
2. List the symptoms of mild/ moderate allergic reactions and severe allergic reaction
including anaphylaxis. ..............................................................................................................17
1. Identify five things that education and care services can do to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis
...................................................................................................................................................18
2. What is an EpiPen? What is it used for? How does it help an anaphylactic reaction? (100-
150 words).................................................................................................................................18
2. Place the directions for using an EpiPen in their correct order.............................................18
1. Briefly outline the 4x4 Asthma First Aid Plan......................................................................19
2. Give details of what should be included on an asthma management plan............................19
1. What regulation of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011 covers
giving medication for asthma?..................................................................................................19
2. Give a brief description of the quality area, the standard, and element that focuses on
promoting children’s health and safety, in particular managing illnesses and medication.......20
3. What regulation is concerned with training for asthma? What does it stipulate? ................20
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1..................................................................................................22
Q1 Where can you access copies of the National Quality Framework (NQF), National Quality
Standards (NQS) and the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)? ...................................22
Q2 There are five rules for the administration of medication. What are they?.........................22
Q3 When explaining to children about safety it is important they are told, in simple terms,
why certain behaviours are necessary. What should you tell children about road safety? How
would you explain it? ...............................................................................................................23

Q4 What is airborne transmission of infection? Wshat can you do to reduce the spread of
infectious diseases? ..................................................................................................................23
Q5 Identify five toys/ pieces of equipment that is appropriate for the developmental needs of
toddlers......................................................................................................................................24
Q6 How do you use an adrenaline auto injector for anaphylaxis?............................................24
Q7 What are four of the common triggers of anaphylaxis?......................................................24
Q8 What are the signs of a severe asthma attack?....................................................................25
Q9 Why should rest/ sleep areas be provided for the children who attend an education and
care service? .............................................................................................................................25
Q10 What Element from the NQS specifically stipulates that effective hygiene practices
should be promoted and implemented?.....................................................................................26
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2..................................................................................................27
1. What hygiene practices are followed by the centre?.............................................................27
2. What safety procedures does the centre implement?............................................................27
3. What infection control procedures does the centre employ?................................................28
4. What kinds of meals are provided for children? How do they ensure meals will not cause
food poisoning?.........................................................................................................................29
5. What kinds of toys and equipment are provided by the centre?...........................................30
6. How does the centre ensure children are safe when playing?...............................................30
7. What happens if children become sick? How are they looked after?...................................30
8. What does the centre do in emergency situations?...............................................................30
9. What are the supervision ratios of the centre?......................................................................31
10. How is the safety of children ensured when on excursions?..............................................31
11. Her child has been diagnosed at risk of anaphylaxis. What does the centre know about
anaphylaxis? What risk management strategies are in place for anaphylaxis?.........................31
12. What policies/ guidelines does the centre follow in regard to the administration of
medication?...............................................................................................................................31
REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................33

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Activity 1
1. What is collaboration?
Collaboration is defined to as some individual or group of individuals working together
to achieve certain task or produce something in return. All the organisation which are working
either for themselves or for the sake of environment or society they are all collaborating with
each other (Quality Area 6 - Collaborative partnerships with families and communities, 2018).
This collaboration could also be defined as in case of ensuring health and safety of children
below the age of 10 year between teachers, parents and those children so that there are no harm
to them and they are both healthy and safe as well. This will be very much important in terms of
gaining health and safety of children as they are prone to risk to great extent because having no
knowledge about harmful environment.
2. How does collaboration establish a relationship with educators/ service providers and families
of the children in care?
To establish relationship between educator or service providers and families of children
in care is the main aim of Quality Area 6 of National Quality Standard. This will be resulting
into partnership between all of them so that there is active communication, consultation and
collaboration as well which is most essential (Quality Area 6 - Collaborative partnerships with
families and communities, 2018).
Collaborative partnership with families and communities
Standard 6.1 Supportive relationship with families Collaborative partnership with families
and communities.
Element 6.1.1 Engagement with the service Families are supported from enrolment
to be involved in the service and

contribute to service decisions.
Element 6.1.2 Parent view are respected The expertise, culture, values and belief
of families are respected and families
share in decision making about well-
being of their children
Element 6.1.3 Families are supported Current information is available to
families about the service and relevant
community services and resources to
support parenting and family well-
being.
3. Explain how regulations (in the NQF) outline provision for collaboration and establishing
relationships with families.
All the partnership and relationship between that of families and educators will be
helping in contributing building strong and inclusive community within service. This will also be
enabling in continuous honest and opening two way communication between educator and
family. In this way they will be connected with their children and in their experience and care in
education will also be helping in developing trust and confidence in service. The sharing
decision making with families will supporting consistency between children experience at their
home and that at service, they will be feeling safe, secure and supported as well (Guide to the
National Quality Standard, 2018). The collaboration with families and educators will also be
helping in recognising families are often engaged in their job and all other responsibility which
they are having both at home and that in work.
4. What regulation stipulates that education and care services must not divulge or communicate
information that is in a child’s record?
All the regulation of National Regulation number 181 and 184 tells that confidentiality of
record kept by approved provider and then the storage of records. Also in the Quality Area 4, 5,
6 and 7

Thus, all the policies which are guiding issues regarding privacy and confidentiality of
children, educators and also that of family members should be protected. Under this they must be
ensuring that all records and information about children, educator and family are kept in secure
place (Guide to the National Quality Standard, 2018). This policy also highlight the point that all
records and information are only accessed by or disclosed to those people who are in need of that
data to fulfilling their responsibilities at service or have a legal right to know.
Activity 2
1. Under what circumstances can educators administer medication to the children in their care?
This is under the Quality area 2 of National Quality standard and also under regulation
92,93 and 95. This will be defining what would be the circumstances under which educator or
service provider will be doing the procedures of medication of that child (Administration Record,
2018). These circumstances could be any of the following including:
Emergency situations faced by children if any, food nutritious and beverage policy, HIV or
AIDS, any kind of disease, incidents, injury, trauma and illness or any other medical conditions.
2. What documentation must be completed when medications are administered to children?
This part of documentation of the children is been under regulation 92 of National
Regulations which is also known as medication record form which includes the following:
 Name of that child.
 Authorisation to administer of medication of that child which is duly signed by parents of
children for their consent.
 Name and date of medication which is to be done by administer.
 Time and date of last administration.

 All the circumstances which were there that caused medication of child with time and
date.
 Dosage of medication which is given to child (Administration Record, 2018).
 Name and signature of the person who is in charge of administration.
3. What would you do if a child refused to take their medication?
If any of the child is refusing to take medication or his medicine on time which is often
done by them so educator or parents must not be adapting wrong techniques which could be
harmful for their child (Medication - Refusal to Take, 2018). The wrong techniques will be
including forcing child to swallow the medicine which will be causing choking or vomiting but
the good should be adapted. They must never be using spoon to give liquid medicine instead be
using plastic medication syringe or dropper, the position of child must not be lying down they
must be setting and then taking medication. Diverting mind of children into some other work and
then giving them medication could also be very much helpful for parents.
Activity 3
1. Explain the procedures that must be followed to ensure that children’s bedding is clean and
does not carry infection risks.
Every child need full care and safety by the side of their parents and teachers. They all
should also maintain bed and mattresses neat and clean so chance of bed bugs are reduced
(Administration Of Medication Policy, 2018). The procedure which need to be adopted in
ensuring that children bedding is clean and that is not carrying any infection risk is given as
follows:
 Bed and mattresses must be cleaned with soap and water or washing powder could be
used after each use.
 For this, fill container with washing power and water after that soak mattresses into that.
 For bed you can sock a cloth and squeeze out the excess water then clean the bed.
 Washing the clothes every day will also be helpful in maintaining cleanliness.

 After that pour out the mattresses from container, wash it properly and place it outside in
sun to let it dry.
2. Why is it necessary to have a quiet area? Describe what a quiet area/s should include.
Quite area is that part which is free of noise or any kind of nuisance area that is providing
relaxation, calmness and place to chill out. This place is important for both adults and that for
children so that they could easily think about their life or future (Creating a Quiet Space for
Children, 2018). This is very much necessary will be giving child chance to refresh their mind
and body, help in focusing and concentrating, develop understanding of their own stop and
importance of relaxation in life. The biggest merit is quite area will also be helpful in managing
stress and other problems and also building up inner confidence. There are some things that are
included to keep a room quite area like that of:
 Room or area must be safe.
 It must be calm.
 Not be too stimulating.
 Appealing according to children likes, dislikes and interest. It must also be far away from noise and bustle or nuisance.
Activity 4
1. What information can be included in a daily record to share with parents?
This is very importance for all educator to share all sort of information which are
related to children while they are at day care or pre schools with their parents. This will be
enabling parents and family to know about children and their whole day routine and
understand them in more brief (Hygiene, Cleaning And Infection Control Policy. 2018).
This also includes complying with Early Years register (EYFS) and child care register. The
information which is to be included in daily record to share with parents will be including:
 Accidents, injuries and first aid administration report.
 Existing injuries records which are linked to safeguarding.
 Illness record.
 Incident record.
 Medication administration record.

 Physical intervention record.
 Policies and procedures.
2. What would you do if a child refused to wear a jumper or jacket when playing outside in
winter?
If the child is not ready to wear winter cloths or jacket while playing outside in the season
of winters then this is a big concern for all parents as they want to keep their child out of all
kinds of danger and disease. All parents at every time want to see their child safe and secure so
they must be trying the following ways which will be helpful for them (Medication - Refusal to
Take, 2018).
 Buying jumper or jackets which are having loose collars and if child prefer tight then get
tight fitted jackets.
 Buy them hoodies instead of coats as they are unzipped and easy to carry which child will
be liking as well.
 Parents must ensure there are no tags remained on the jackets or hoodies which can also
cause irritation or annoy kids as well.
 Parents can also experiment with the fabrics of winter cloths or hoodies and select which
is more comfortable to kids.
 They must also give kids choice of clothing which will be lowering down the case of
frustration in them.
 While other times it is better to leave the child as they are and not forcing them
which will be like a lesson of not wearing winter cloths.
3. Give eight examples of what you can do to support children when they are learning to use the
toilet.
1) Helping them in reading books which are based on toilet training at day care centre.
2) Trying to get to known each child usual time for bowel movements.
3) Do not embarrass or punish children or in any way make child feel bad about any aspect
of using toilet.

4) Sharing information with families about how toilet learning is going both care and at
home.
5) Allowing children to do things like that of toileting, washing hands, flushing the toilets,
keeping the bathroom environment clean.
6) Help them in learning to use toilet varies for individual children take advantages of child
being in group.
7) Parents must be encouraging children in using dustbin in toilets in order to keep it clean
and tidy.
8) Closing doors at the time and after use of toilets must also be there.
Activity 5
1. When should staff/ educators and children wash their hands? List 10.
 Before and after eating or handling food.
 Before preparing or cooking food.
 After going to toilet.
 After cleaning up or any contact with urine, vomit, blood or faeces.
 After wiping nose or contact with nasal or salivary secretion.
 After playing outside in sand or like that only.
 After playing with pets or touching animals.
 Before and after giving medication to children.
 Before leaving children service.
 Parents must wash their hands after or before they going children centre.
2. How can you encourage children to develop good hygiene practices?
It is the duty of all parents to encourage hygiene practice in their children at very early
age so that those will be remaining throughout their lifetime and they are important as well. This
is important as will be lowering down the risk of infection to spread through direct contact of
others. Children come into contact of other children or adults, with toys, furniture and food as

well all these could be the carriers of infection or infectious disease. So all parents must be
encouraging children to develop good hygiene practice which will be reducing the spread of
infections. Children's self help and self care skills can also be promoted by supporting them to
develop hygiene habits (Helping your child learn to use the toilet, 2018). Hygiene should
be reinforced at service through the children program of experience as well as daily routine like
that of mealtimes, nappy changing and toileting.
Activity 6
1. Why is it necessary for education and care services to maintain regular and routine cleaning
and sanitising procedures?
Good hygiene in child care is very much important as this will be reducing the risk of
cross infection between child and adults and will also be helpful in maintaining those habits in
whole lifetime. This must also be done in maintaining regular and routine cleaning and sanitising
procedures which are to be followed (Helping your child learn to use the toilet, 2018). All
the important part and procedures which are there into health and hygiene procedures will be that
of hand washing, wearing gloves, keeping toilets and bathrooms clean, cleaning nappy change
area, keeping kitchen and staff room clean, use of dustbin on regular bases, keeping children bed
and mattresses clean and also washing them. If they are successful in maintaining all these
procedures and policies then these will be helping children to learn about what is clean and what
is untidy. They could also be helping other kids in learning about the importance of hygiene and
cleanliness.
2. What are at least five of the stains or spillages with which you might have to deal with as part
of daily work? For each type of stain or spillage, explain the procedures you would follow
to clean them.
Stain/ spillage Cleaning procedure
Cosmetics Pre-treat with pre-wash stain remover, liquid laundry, paste of
power or rub with bar soap.
Ice cream Pre-treat or soak stain using enzymes for 30 minutes if stain are
older than for more time using warm water wash it (Stain

Removal Chart, 2018).
Soft drinks Sponge the stain with cold water or soak it for 30 minutes. Pre-
treat with a pre-wash stain remover, launder can also add
chlorine bleach if it is safe for cloth.
Blood Fresh stain- soak in cold water not in hot and clean it
Dried stain- soak in warm water with product containing
enzymes.
Candle wax Scrape off surface of wax with dull knife.
Place stain between clean paper towel and press with warm iron
do this frequently to absorb more wax.
Place stain face down on clean paper towels sponge remaining
stain with pre-wash stain remover or cleaning fluid.
Activity 7
1. Undertake your own research and find out what the symptoms of the following illnesses are,
give a brief description for each:
Illness Symptoms
Gastroenteritis This is a type of bacterial infection which is related to stomach
which include both diarrhoea and vomiting. The major
symptoms are- abdominal cramping which is visible after 12-72
hours of contacting with the infectious agents, viral, fever,
fatigue, headache, muscle pain, stool becomes bloody,
diarrhoea, vomiting,
Bronchiolitis This is a type of blockage of small airways in lungs due to viral
infection and commonly seen in children less than 2 years of
age. The major symptoms are- fever, cough, runny nose,

wheezing and breathing problems. If this remains then severe
nasal flaring, grunting or skin between ribs pulling in with
breathing.
Conjunctivitis This is related to eye infections. The common symptoms are-
burning eyes, eye appearing pink or red, scratchiness, itchiness,
pain on eyelid and increasing tears or stuck shut in morning.
2. You notice that a child in your care has developed an all over body rash. What would your
next steps be?
If the child is having rashes and itching on his or her body then it should not be taken in
so much light as this could be a big skin problem or disease so must b cure at the starting only
(Rash Home Treatment, 2018). So, if I noticed that one child in my day car has developed rashes
all over his body then I must do the following things:
 Using soap and water.
 Leaving the rash in open air whenever it is possible.
 I must not allow child to scratch the rash as it could be increased in that way.
 Keep that area where rashes are there in cool and moisture or putting socked cloth in
water will also work.
 And if then also the rash is increasing or remaining, then parents of that child must be
informed and taken to a dermatologist.
3. What types of medical emergency can occur in an education and care service?
All kind of injuries and illness are very much common at every place whether school or
day care but taking good preventing actions and first aid are necessary and will be helping
(World Health Organization, 2015). As it is the responsibility of school to take care of all
students during the time of school hours. Following are the emergency issues or problems that
could commonly occur in education and care services.
 Bleeding.
 Lacerated limb.

 Severed limb.
 Respiratory problems.
 Abdominal pain.
 Skin and eye contact problems.
 Head injury.
 Conjunctivitis.
 Poisoning.
4. In the case where a child seriously injures themselves, explain the procedures you would
follow.
If any kind of injury occurs then following things must be kept in mind which will be
helping both injured and person who is taking care (Vogus and et. al,2016).
 Staying calm will be helping the most.
 Checking for all threatening situations like that of choking, severe bleeding and shock.
 The injured child must not be allowed to move if injury is very serious.
 Calling 911 which is emergency number if the child is very seriously hurt.
 Contacting their parents.
 At the end the teacher must be recording that injury and whole incident.
5. What procedures would you follow when contacting a parent to inform them that their child is
ill?
If the child is not well during the school hours then the first thing which needs to be done
is to treat them will the illness or if the illness is very severe then the parents of that child must
be called. This should be done on immediate bases so that if the illness is prolonged one then
they must be knowing the actual medical conditions of their child (Scalabrin and et. al, 2017).
They must be called by principal of school and principal must be very polite while dealing with
the parents and telling them situation of their child.

6. What are exclusion periods and why are they important?
This period is based on the illness or injury time of any pre school student during the time
when they are having specified disease or condition that might be infectious for other is known
to as exclusion periods (Peterson and et. al, 2016). This is important for that child who is been
excluded and also for others who are coming in daily contact to that child.
 For child- this will be important and will be helping them in recovering on more fast
bases and other bacteria or virus which are there in environment will not be affecting
them.
 For others- this will be important as they could be safe and will not be affected by that
disease if that is infectious one.
7. Why is friendly communication important when discussing health or hygiene issues with
children?
This is quite important as will be allowing the child in raising more questions if the child
is having in his mind. The child will be learning cleanliness in more clear and simple terms.
Communication is very much important as this will be enabling both child and parents in
satisfying all hygiene and health related issues (Olympia and et. al, 2015). They could easily
solve problems if there like that of safety, security, hygiene and healthcare is there. The
communication must be friendly as that children could understand them properly and parents
could explain them properly.
Activity 8
1. What needs to be considered when planning a supervision plan? List at least eight factors to
consider.
All the children need to be safe and secure whether they are at home, at school or
playground. Safety and security of children are major concern for both parents and teachers so
they must be also making or preparing supervision plan according to which they can guide and
keep eye on children (Mills, 2016). While preparing this supervision plan there are certain
factors that need to be considered like that of.
1. Direct and constant monitoring should be there so that children could feel safe and risk of
injuries is decreased.

2. Scanning or monitoring of the area or environment in which child is playing and staying
must be done this could be helpful in eliminating all unsafe equipment.
3. Listening to all problems which a child is having so that this will be assessing in lowering
down the danger which is in surrounding.
4. Observation of children could also be useful.
5. They must be ranking activities such as low risk, medium risk and high risk so that plan
could be made according to them.
6. They must also monitor health of that child so that there are no future complications.
7. Arranging the whole environment and positioning the equipment’s which could be
dangerous out of reach of the child is quite important.
8. Supervising the children while they are playing or doing any activity which is involving
many equipment’s and tools would be done.
2. Why is it important to provide appropriate levels of supervision of children? Provide at least
five reasons.
Each and every child is required to have appropriate level of supervision so that they are
safe and secure from all evil things which could be harmful for them (Duffy and et. al, 2017).
 It is important so that child is not getting hurt by anything with which they are playing.
 So that they are not getting ill.
 So that child is not hurting themselves or others.
 So that they are not in any type of danger.
 So that they are safe, healthy and secure.
3. What details about the children do educators need to know for effective supervision, and what
information should be exchanged with colleagues to ensure adequate supervision? (100-
150 words)
In order to correctly supervise the children, it is required to know certain information
which would be helping them in effective supervising and this same information could be
exchanged to colleagues in ensuring adequate supervision (Alkon and et. al, 2016).

 Name and age of child
 Address of child and his parents.
 Contact number of children's parents.
 All allergies if any that child is having.
 All disease or illness if any child is having.
 The fear which child is having or phobia of child.
Activity 9
1. What regulation of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011 stipulates that
premises, furniture and equipment must be safe, clean and in good repair? (75-100 words)
The risk should be minimised by clean premises, furniture and equipments to protect children
from any harm.
 To protect every child from injury the premises should be maintained neat and clean by
avoiding clutter and slippery floors.
 The furnitures should be clean and nails free as it can injure children.
 Give at least five examples of what might be included on a maintenance schedule for an
education and care service (Etzel, and Howard, 2016).
2. Things that are to be scheduled for children
 The health and safety of the children should be maintained by providing clean food and
beverages, the schedules of sleep of 9 hours.
 The environment should be kept free and protected from insects, laundry facilities should
be provided.
 Proper and sufficient place in indoor and outdoor.
 Staffing arrangements are made according to the age.
 Maintaining relationship by encouraging towards self reliance and esteem.

3. What should be included on a monthly safety checklist of an education and care service? List
at least seven examples.
The checklist to be made by ensuring the education and care services by meeting the needs of the
children (World Health Organization 2015).
 Priority given to health check-ups, including dental and eyes.
 Development form of toddler and other children.
 Making availability of stationeries and activity kits, amendments in educational process.
 Medication for any injuries and other illness.
 The diet checklist that to be followed in next month.
Activity 10
1. Why should items used in an education and care centre be clearly labelled?
The items used in education and care centre should be clearly labelled as to get know
about the quality that are being used for children. It also proves about the quality and nature that
are maintained. This labelled items also provide knowledge about the nutritions and innutrition
food that are being consumed by children's (Wolf-Fordham, and et.al., 2015).
2. Explain why proper storage of chemicals is important in a child care environment.
The need for proper storage of chemicals is highly demanded in child care environment,
as Children's are unaware of hazardous substances and chemicals, by which they may get harm
themselves and other children's without any intention. Also, this creates medical emergency in
child care environment. The medications should also be kept safely as they may be got
consumed.
Activity 11
1. What does Regulation 99 of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011
require from education and care services to ensure children are not released to
unauthorised people?
Keeping in mind about the safety and care of children's, the care-takers are not supposed to hand-
over children to any unknown or unauthorised person as per Eduction and care services National

Regulations 2011. This helps in reduction of crime against child and abuse of child. Also
prevents emotional and physical health of children's (Wolf-Fordham and et.al., 2015).
2. What procedures can be followed to assist in the supervision of every person who enters an
education and care service?
There are certain procedures that is to be followed before entering unknown into child care
premises. The documents of the person should be duly signed and stored with authority in case
of appointing employees. They are not allowed to enter children's room without permission. Any
person arrives for repairing and maintenance of equipments their name should be entered and
signed in register for further knowledge.
Activity 12
1. Explain the sun protection procedures that should be followed in an education and care
service.
Children's should not be allowed in sun with empty stomach as, they may fall ill. There
should be specific time to play in sun which should not harm or tan skin of children. Children's
should not be left alone in the sun as they may faint. Timings should be maintained according to
changing climate (Olympia, and et.al., 2015).
Activity 13
1. Carry out an inspection of three items of equipment in a work environment or a playground in
a park or your home.
Equipment
Inspection report
Improvement
Cleanliness Safety
Furniture
Should be maintained
clean, as children may
suffer from or already
suffering from lung
problems and asthma.
To avoid any kind of infections
furnitures should be maintained
neat and clean.
With the use of
disinfects
improvement made in
terms of possibility of
reduction in germs.

Cradles
Should be managed
well and clean as used
for toddlers
The screws and the beddings
should be changed as per need of
toddler which avoid wetness
Kept in exposure of
sun for getting germ
free and also
disinfects can be used
which are mild in
nature.
2. Why is it necessary to conduct, as part of the daily routine, checks of the environment and of
equipment?
The responsibility of children's protection remains on part of management, therefore they
should maintain proper routine by checking the cleanliness and clutter-free environment which
protects children from germs and infections (NDiaye, and et.al., 2016).
3.Why must fire exits be kept clear of obstructions at all times?
The preparations have to be made earlier to protect children's from fire. Fire extinguishers
should be stored, to use in case of need. Apart from this, the exit way of fire should be clear as to
avoid falling of child's upon each other. The fire exit need should be explained to child's earlier.
Activity 14
1. What is anaphylaxis?
Severe allergic reactions including, watery eyes, runny nose. Red spots on skin, rashes, scratchy
throat which cause fever is known as anaphylaxis. Immediate medication and treatment is
suggested for such severe reactions. This reactions also include food allergies in children, which
should be taken into consideration by management of child care.
2. List the symptoms of mild/ moderate allergic reactions and severe allergic reaction including
anaphylaxis.
 Rashes by playing in the sun for long time
 itches due to mosquito bite.

 Scratchy throat of children by having any chilled food.
 Itchy red spots on skin and congestion in nasal, any of these symptoms increase the child
may suffer from fever (Pringsheim, and et.al., 2017).
Activity 15
1. Identify five things that education and care services can do to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis
The cause of anaphylaxis should be known by earlier reaction by food or any insects, changing
whether. The food should be avoided to particular child who has allergies. The authorities should
be prepared earlier with proper medications and antibiotics. The disinfects should be used in
premises. Cleanliness should be maintained in preparation of food.
Activity 16
2. What is an EpiPen? What is it used for? How does it help an anaphylactic reaction? (100-150
words)
EpiPen is an auto injector used for allergic emergencies. For life threatening reactions EpiPen is
used as first line treatment, which is approved by National Food Allergy guidelines.
2. Place the directions for using an EpiPen in their correct order.
 Place black end against outer mid-thigh (with or without clothing).
 Remove EpiPen and be careful not to touch the needle. Massage the injection site for 10
seconds.
 Form fist around EpiPen and pull off grey cap. Keep thumb and fingers away from the
black tip.
 Remove from plastic container. Do not touch the black tip with fingers or thumb at any
time when handling the EpiPen. This is where the needle comes out.
 Push down hard until a click is heard or felt and hold in place for 10 seconds.
 Remove from plastic container. Do not touch the black tip with fingers or thumb at any
time when handling the EpiPen. This is where the needle comes out (Pringsheim, and
et.al., 2017).

 Form fist around EpiPen and pull off grey cap. Keep thumb and fingers away from the
black tip.
 Place black end against outer mid-thigh (with or without clothing).
 Remove EpiPen and be careful not to touch the needle. Massage the injection site for 10
seconds.
Activity 17
1. Briefly outline the 4x4 Asthma First Aid Plan
The signs of severe asthma is worse and difficult to recognise. As, Asthma gets worse in very
short period. Child care centres should not delay in making treatments of Asthma by avoiding.
Their negligence definitely harm the child. The three stages in Asthma of moderate or mild, then
severe, then it turns into life threatening.
2. Give details of what should be included on an asthma management plan
Management of Asthma indicates about the plan that are to be developed by meeting the doctors
(Mageean, and et.al., 2017). Which, helps in knowing the initial stage of three as mentioned in
this report. This management helps in reduction of getting admissions in hospital, absence from
school or workplace, also improves lung functions.
Activity 18
1. What regulation of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011 covers giving
medication for asthma?
In the year 2011, Education And Care Service National Law (ACT) Bill was passed in
the ACT legislative Assembly and also implementing Australian Children Education And Care
Quality Authority (ACECQA). This will be overseeing the activities of National Quality
Framework. In this framework regulation 90-91 are been including medical conditions like that
of asthma, diabetes and anaphylaxis. This regulation or section is been regulated at the demand
for education and care service of child whenever they are having the problem of these above
mentioned medical problems or emergency (ACECQA, 2018). All these above included disease
and policy to be provided to parents are suffering child. While in the regulation 136 which is
covering first aid requirements of education and care services with giving the training to educator
on about disease like that of asthma and Anaphylaxis. Another regulation which is 246-247 this

one is allowing educators not having requirement of asthma and anaphylaxis management
training to be obtained after 1 January 2013.
2. Give a brief description of the quality area, the standard, and element that focuses on
promoting children’s health and safety, in particular managing illnesses and medication.
In the Quality area 2 which is been defined as to keep children safe and secure and
promoting their well-being in managing illness and medication as well. This area will also be
covering minimization of risk protecting children from all kind of harm, infections and injuries.
This also adds on to education area of children which will be helping in providing physical and
psychological well-being and also in building confidence and independence within them (Quality
Area 2 - Children's health and safety, 2018).
Children's heath and safety
Standard 2.1 Health Each child's health in promoted.
Element 2.1.1 Well-being and comfortable Each child their well-being and comfort
is been included in this part and also
appropriate opportunity in meeting need
to sleep, rest and relaxation of each
child.
Element 2.1.2 Healthcare practice and procedures Effective illness and injury management
and hygiene practice are promoted and
implemented.
Element 2.1.3 Healthy lifestyle Effective illness and injury management
and hygiene practice are promoted and
implemented.
3. What regulation is concerned with training for asthma? What does it stipulate?
In the Quality area 2 which is carrying all disease which are conceived by children's
asthma is also been covered which is telling about its polices, information, care and training to

educators as well. Asthma is very common and widespread disease which is seen in every 1 out
of 10 children in Australia; with this reason only, this disease is been included in quality area and
standard 2 of National quality standard (ACECQA, 2018). Educators have been giving the
training of asthma which will be helping them in the management of asthma within children. The
training has been approved by National authority with Division 7 of National Regulation and
also been listed in ACECQA. The approved asthma management training will be providing
training about knowledge which will be underlying causes, asthma triggers, recognition and then
treatment of that asthmatic attacked.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1
Q1 Where can you access copies of the National Quality Framework (NQF), National Quality
Standards (NQS) and the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)?
The more information of National Quality Framework, National Quality Standard and
Early Year Learning Framework will be accessed through the website of ACECQA and all other
Regulatory Authority of different states of Australia <http://www.acecqa.gov.au/national-quality-
framework > (ACECQA, 2018). Other than some more advice, support and information about
NQS, NQF and EYLF could be found from various other online sites like that of Office For
Early Childhood Education And Care (OECEC), Department Of Education, Training And
Employment (DETE), Australian Government Department Of Education (DEEWR), Department
Of Human Service (DHS), Child Care Benefit (CCB), Child Care Rebate (CCR), Childcare
Queensland, Eat Safe Brisbane. The five outcome of EYLF will be as follows:
 Children are having very strong sense of identity.
 Children's are connected with and contribute to their world.
 They are having strong sense of well-being.
 They are confidence and involved learners as well.
 They are also very effective communicators.
Q2 There are five rules for the administration of medication. What are they?
The five rules of administration of medication are:
 Right Patient (The Five Rights of Medication Administration, 2018)
 Right time and frequency of administration
 Right dose
 Right route
 Right drug

Q3 When explaining to children about safety it is important they are told, in simple terms, why
certain behaviours are necessary. What should you tell children about road safety? How
would you explain it?
As safety for each and every child is very much important and so is explaining them in
more simple terms with the use of those terminologies which is easy to get understood. As if we
are explaining a child of 3-10 years of age then it becomes important for us to explain them in
that style or way which they could easily understand (Britto, Yoshikawa and Boller, 2011).
Usage of difficult statements or terms will be creating complexity for them. It becomes more
important that when parents or educators are explaining children about road safety then they are
mentioning all important parts of road safety as children of age group 1-6 years are more likely
to get injured in driveway incidents. While crossing of roads child must be educated about these
facts:
 Looking right, then left and then right while crossing road.
 Always using pedestrian while crossing road.
 Be alert
 Hold the hand of adult
 Do not ignore the traffic signal
Q4 What is airborne transmission of infection? Wshat can you do to reduce the spread of
infectious diseases?
If anyone is coughing, sneezing, laughing and having personal very direct contact with
the person who is having viral or any kind of infection then there is increased in chance of
microbe coming from that person (Coie, Watt and Long, 1993). If other person smell or take
breath in that polluted air then chances of those microbes going into their respiratory organ is
also increased. This is commonly called to as airborne transmission of infection. The best way
which will be helping us in reducing these airborne transmission of infection will be
 Washing of hands.
 Use of appropriate hand disinfection.
 Getting regular immunization against diseases.

 Wearing of respirator.
 Limiting of spending time with person who is having infections
Q5 Identify five toys/ pieces of equipment that is appropriate for the developmental needs of
toddlers.
Toddlers are the age group of child who is between 12-36 months so there are some
creative and developmental needs of toddlers are (Choosing the
Right Educational Toys for Children, 2018):
 Rattles
 Stacking toys
 Pop up Toys
 Pictures books
 Musical toys
Q6 How do you use an adrenaline auto injector for anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is a form of infections or allergic reaction which is rapid and may also cause
death of the patients. There are various kinds of auto injectors which are used in giving patient of
anaphylaxis like Emerade, Epipen and Jext. To use all these adrenalines auto injectors there are
different ways so correct instructions must be followed if not then will risk injecting adrenaline
into your own thumb (Adrenaline auto-injector for anaphylaxis, 2018). This must only be used
on thigh of person who is suffering from anaphylaxis injecting it on some other body part could
be harmful. Emerade is prescription only medicine which is available in 150, 300 and 500 mcg
doses.
Q7 What are four of the common triggers of anaphylaxis?
The most common four cause or triggers of anaphylaxis are as follows:

Food- most of the allergies caused to individual is due to wrong intake of diet or food which can
then cause allergies are also anaphylaxis. Every 1 out of 10 children of Australia are having or
developing food allergy and common are hen's egg, cow's milk, peanuts and tree nuts like
almonds.
Insect bites and stings- allergy or anaphylaxis is also caused by bit of insects or just their stung
could be life threatening to individual (Common triggers for allergies and anaphylaxis, 2018).
Common insect bits are bee, wasp, jack jumper ant stings, ticks, green ants and fire ants they all
could cause anaphylaxis.
Medicines- most of us are in habit of taking medicine without prescription of doctors which
could b resulting into an allergy and herbal or other alternative medicines can also because of
serious reactions.
Latex- this is a form of rubber which is commonly used in hand gloves or balloon and are causes
of allergy or reactions. Then, these allergies are further carried forward to bananas and avocado.
Q8 What are the signs of a severe asthma attack?
Asthma could be very serious if not taken full and good treatment or care of that patient,
it could be resulted into death of patient. Some severe asthma attacks could be as follows
(Asthma Policy, 2018):
 Shortness of breath
 Not been able to speak full sentences
 Feeling breathless while laying down
 Chest will be feeling tight
 Neck muscles pain, strained abdominal and hunched shoulder
 Feeling confused all times, would not be able to concentrated and agitated as well.
Q9 Why should rest/ sleep areas be provided for the children who attend an education and care
service?
Many of the day care centre and schools are promoting the rest and sleep areas in order to
give children relaxation and freshening their mood as well (Creating a Quiet Space for
Children, 2018). Taking as small nap of around 20-25 minutes is considered very much helpful

for all aged whether kids or adults. So this will be important for children to have rest in care
services which will be helping them in relaxing, mood and mind freshening. This will also be
helping in restoring all lost energy so that they are able to do their work just like before.
Q10 What Element from the NQS specifically stipulates that effective hygiene practices should
be promoted and implemented?
In National quality standard it is regulated that effective hygiene practice is promoted and
implemented like that of hand washing, coughing, dental hygiene and ear care. All these type of
hygiene are very much important in day to day working and exercise of children so that they are
not infected by anything, they are safe and maintaining hygiene as well. As in standard 2 of NQS
is related to health is promoted of each child, in this element 2.1.3 is that of effective hygiene
practice are promoted and implemented (Quality Area 2 - Children's health and safety, 2018).
Standard 2.2 is also related to healthy eating and physical activities that are embedded in
program for children in this element 2.2.1 will be of eating and healthy promoting and food
provided by service are nutritious and appropriate for each child.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2
Project 1
1. What hygiene practices are followed by the centre?
It is the duty and responsibilities of the child care centre that they are following all type
of hygienic practice and adhering to National Quality Standard, National Quality Framework,
Early Year Learning Framework, Office For Early Childhood Education And Care and all other
standards which are laid down by Australian government (Hygiene, Cleaning And Infection
Control Policy, 2018). All these acts and regulations are conducted in order to keep safe and
secure all children who are there in the educational institution or centre. The most important one
are hygienic practice which need to be followed in the centre which will be keeping all children
safe and secure by disease, infections and injuries as well. The hygienic practice which are as
follows:
 All children must be encouraged to use simple rules of hygiene like that of hand washing
and basic dental care.
 All the equipments, tools and toys which are used by children must be washed or cleaned
and well maintained on regular bases.
 Day care centre must be indulge in keeping the facilities like that of bathrooms, toilets,
sleep and rest rooms or areas and then keeping playground or play area clean.
 Day care centre should also be using hygienic procedures that of toileting, wiping off
noses and nappy changing methods.
 Centre must also be displaying clear sign about proper hygienic procedures
 Hygienic food processing and food handling must be followed.
 They must also be enabling families and parents in keeping children at home while they
are sick.
2. What safety procedures does the centre implement?
Along with hygienic practice day care centre must also be following the safety and
security procedures so that this will be safeguarding children who are there in day care with their
safety. There are many chances of children getting themselves or others who are around them

hurt which could result in injury to that child or any other (Ortlipp, Arthur and Woodrow, 2011).
This must also be displayed and explained to all parents of those children who are there in day
care centre. The safety and security measures or procedures will be:
 At the first step all children must be explained about safety and security measures the
must be informed about what things or areas could be included in danger part.
 The premises and outside areas where children are most likely to get injured must be kept
safe and secure for them and they must not be left alone without any kind of supervision
by any adult.
 The person who is in charge of children must be knowing about what is safe and what is
unsafe for children they must be there all time so that they are able to guide them.
 Sleeping area of children must be having any equipments or tools which are coming
under hazards.
 Food which is prepared in that day care centre should be very safe and secure for
children who will be taking that.
 Fire extinguishers must also be implemented and regularly checked so that if any case of
fire then there must adequate measure as well.
 All furnitures, equipments and toys should also be appropriate in their use they must be
helping to create good environment.
3. What infection control procedures does the centre employ?
It is the duty of centre in providing and promoting good health that of children, al kind of
training must be giving to person who is registered to take steps or supervising children (Ashton
and Wray, 1996). With good hygiene practice and that of safety standards they must also be
keeping track of infections which could be likely to spread. All sorts of preventive measures
must be taken in form of infections control procedures in children service at all times. The
procedures are as given below:
 Hand washing is the most important on this must be strictly followed by centre and must
be taught to all students or children who are there.
 Hand washing must be done before and after having food, playing with toys or outside,
using toilets, playing with animals or pets, and also coughing, sneezing or getting in
touch with any ill or infectious person.

 They must also b ensuring use of hand gloves while doing many activities like that of
changing nappy, coming in contact with vomit, blood or faeces.
 Dustbins must be kept at every corner of day care centre and children must be taught or
encouraged to use them on regular bases.
 Day care centre must also be having antiseptic or first aid box and thus be using them if
any case of serious emergency then they must be having contact number of parents of
children and also that of nearby doctor.
 If the child is not well or he or she is ill then they must be advised to remain at home
only.
4. What kinds of meals are provided for children? How do they ensure meals will not cause food
poisoning?
Food is an essential part of day care centre so they must be ensuring that food or meal
which is been prepared in not contaminated or positioned. Day care centre must be first with the
help of parents of children be deciding what all things or dish must be included in meals then
ensure that food is safe for them (Ferlie and Shortell, 2001). The food which is to be given to
children should be nutritious and healthy for them to eat centre should also be keeping in mind if
any child is having allergy from that food or dish. All fruits and green vegetables should be a
part of everyday food as they are very much nutritious. In following ways they could ensure that
food is not contaminated or poisoned:
 Washing hands before and after preparing food.
 Washing of the dishcloths and tea towels on regular bases.
 Using separate chopping boards especially if preparing meat.
 Keeping raw meat separate from other foodstuff.
 Cooking food thoroughly.
 Keeping fridge below 5°C.
 Keep the leftover from food in cool area where it would be cooled within 90 minutes
other than fridge.
 Avoid using or eating food which are packaged one specifically after their use by dates
which is a certain time after which harmful bugs are easily developed.

5. What kinds of toys and equipment are provided by the centre?
The toys or equipments which are provided by day care centre must be very safe and
secure for the use of children. They also must be washed on regular bases so that any dust or dirt
is not there on toys which are on bases of different for all age group (Choosing the
Right Educational Toys for Children, 2018). 0-1 years- rattles, stacking toys, pop up toys, picture books,. Musical toys 1-3 years- push and pull rides on toys, small tricycles and wagons, simple puzzle
 3-5 years- dress up toys, puppets, large beds threading, storybooks.
6. How does the centre ensure children are safe when playing?
 All toys must be appropriate and as per the age of child, their skills and abilities.
 The toys which is according to age of child must be holding interest of child as well.
 The toys must be creative so that child is able to form hobbies like art and craft.
 Communication skills of children should be encouraged with use of such toys.
 The toys which are been used must be safe and secure (Choosing the
Right Educational Toys for Children, 2018).
 Reading the manual or instruction book before using the toy.
 Choosing safe storage place for toys and checking must be don every 3 months if needed
then they must be repaired or replaced.
7. What happens if children become sick? How are they looked after?
If the child has become sick then educator must first look out for the reason behind illness
and try to find home remedy if possible (Fenech, Giugni and Bown, 2012). Then the child must
be given time to take rest in room which is meant for this and parents must be informed as soon
as possible. In case the problem is very severe then doctor could be called.
8. What does the centre do in emergency situations?
The most important thing which must be done at this time is gathering all children at one
place or try to rescue them through emergency exist (Britto, Yoshikawa and Boller, 2011). If
there fire extinguishers available in centre then they must try to cool down the fire and calling
fire station will be most useful.
9. What are the supervision ratios of the centre?
The ratio is been set by National Quality Framework which is 5:1 this means that e very
centre must be having at least 1 supervisor for every 5 children (Aldous, 2017).

10. How is the safety of children ensured when on excursions?
The main element which will be included within this excursion time is that of training to
teachers and supervisors who will be accompanying children to excursions (Adkins and McKay,
2017). Then the child must be given full training about what must be done and what must be
avoided at the time. Supervisors must be keeping regular check and they should be there with all
children every time of excursions.
11. Her child has been diagnosed at risk of anaphylaxis. What does the centre know about
anaphylaxis? What risk management strategies are in place for anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is disease which is caused to small aged children this is a form of allergy
which is occurring on whole body especially on face (Martin and Woolman, 2017). The chance
of anaphylaxis increase if patient is suffering from asthma. Centre must be having knowledge
about causes and prevention of anaphylaxis as it is kind of allergy so children who is suffering
from this must be kept away or should be advised to remain at home.
12. What policies/ guidelines does the centre follow in regard to the administration of
medication?
In administration of medication policy centre must be following various standards and
guidelines which should be kept in mind (Administration Of Medication Policy, 2018):
National Quality Standard:
National Regulation:

Early Years Life Framework:

REFERENCES:
Books and Journals:
Adkins, G., and McKay, J., 2017. Improving Together: A National Framework for Quality and
GP Clusters in Scotland.
Aldous, S., 2017. Improving Care Processes for Patients with Possible Suspected Acute
Coronary Syndrome (Icare-ACS): A National Implementation Trial of a Clinical
Guidance Framework. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 26. p.S3.
Alkon and et.al., 2016. Health and Safety Checklist for Early Care and Education Programs to
Assess Key National Health and Safety Standards. Maternal and child health
journal.20(1).pp.114-127.
Ashton, C.M. and Wray, N.P., 1996. A conceptual framework for the study of early
readmission as an indicator of quality of care. Social science & medicine. 43(11).
pp.1533-1541.
Britto, P.R., Yoshikawa, H. and Boller, K., 2011. Quality of Early Childhood Development
Programs in Global Contexts: Rationale for Investment, Conceptual Framework and
Implications for Equity. Social Policy Report. 25(2).
Britto, P.R., Yoshikawa, H. and Boller, K., 2011. Quality of Early Childhood Development
Programs in Global Contexts: Rationale for Investment, Conceptual Framework and
Implications for Equity. Social Policy Report. 25(2).
Coie, J.D., Watt, N.F., and Long, B., 1993. The science of prevention: a conceptual
framework and some directions for a national research program. American
psychologist. 48(10). p.1013.
Duffy and et.al., 2017. Live attenuated influenza vaccine use and safety in children and adults
with asthma. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.118(4). pp.439-444.
Etzel, R.A. and Howard, S.N., 2016. Renewing the federal commitment to advance children’s
health: the President’s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to
Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 124(1). p.A3.

Fenech, M., Giugni, M. and Bown, K., 2012. A critical analysis of the'national quality
framework': Mobilising for a vision for children beyond minimum
standards. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood. 37(4). p.5.
Ferlie, E.B. and Shortell, S.M., 2001. Improving the quality of health care in the United
Kingdom and the United States: a framework for change. The Milbank Quarterly. 79(2).
pp.281-315.
Mageean, K., and et.al., 2017. 039. Ultrasound Guided Steroid Injection into Hips–Efficacy
and Safety in Children with Active Juvenile Idiopathic
Arthritis. Rheumatology. 56(suppl_6).
Martin, M.C., and Woolman, P., 2017, July. Preventing Frail and Elderly Hospital
Admissions: Developing an Evaluation Framework for the Closer to Home Quality
Improvement Programme in NHS Forth Valley. In Proceedings of the 2017
International Conference on Digital Health (pp. 231-232). ACM.
Mills, E., 2016. Identifying and reducing the health and safety impacts of fuel-based
lighting. Energy for Sustainable Development.30. pp.39-50.
NDiaye, J.L., and et.al., 2016. Correction: Safety of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention
(SMC) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine when Delivered to Children
under 10 Years of Age by District Health Services in Senegal: Results from a Stepped-
Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial. PloS one. 11(12). p.e0168421.
Olympia and et.al., 2015. Compliance of camps in the United States with guidelines for health
and safety practices. Pediatric emergency care. 31(3). pp.178-185
Olympia, R.P., and et.al., 2015. Compliance of camps in the United States with guidelines for
health and safety practices. Pediatric emergency care. 31(3). pp.178-185.
Ortlipp, M., Arthur, L. and Woodrow, C., 2011. Discourses of the early years learning
framework: Constructing the early childhood professional. Contemporary issues in early
childhood. 12(1). pp.56-70.
Peterson and et.al., 2016. 652 Strengthening a culture of safety for children: developing
hospital and community collaborations.

Pringsheim, T., and et.al., 2017. A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Antipsychotic Safety in
Children with Tourette Syndrome (P6. 016). Neurology. 88(16 Supplement). pp.P6-016
Scalabrin and et.al., 2017. Long-term safety assessment in children who received hydrolyzed
protein formulas with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: a 5-year follow-up. European
journal of pediatrics 176(2). pp.217-224.
Vogus and et.al., 2016. Assessing safety culture in child welfare: Evidence from
Tennessee. Children and Youth Services Review .65. pp.94-103.
Weis, A.M., and et.al., 2017. Shigella draft genome sequences: resources for food safety and
public health. Genome Announc 5 (16): e00176-17.
Wolf-Fordham, S., and et.al., 2015. Emergency preparedness of families of children with
developmental disabilities: what public health and safety emergency planners need to
know. Journal of emergency management (Weston, Mass.). 13(1). p.7.
World Health Organization, 2015. Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health
Organization.
World Health Organization, 2015. Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health
Organization.
World Health Organization, 2015. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. World
Health Organization.
Online:
ACECQA. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through: <http://www.acecqa.gov.au/national-quality-
framework >.
Administration Of Medication Policy. 2018 [online]. Accessed
through:<https://www.uowpulse.com.au/content/groups/public/@web/@unic/@mrkt/
documents/doc/uow146219.pdf>.
Administration Record. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through:
<http://www.owfc.com.au/Childcare.asp?_=Administration+of+Medication>.

Adrenaline auto-injector for anaphylaxis. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through:
<https://www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk/adrenaline-auto-injector-anaphylaxis-0>.
Asthma Policy. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through: <http://www.hdka.com.au/Docs/asthma
%20policy.pdf>.
Choosing the
Right Educational Toys for Children. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through:
<http://www.brighttots.com/>.
Common triggers for allergies and anaphylaxis. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through:
<http://www.anaphylaxis101.com.au/common-triggers-for-allergies-and-anaphylaxis/>.
Creating a Quiet Space for Children. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through:
<https://notjustcute.com/2012/07/09/creating-a-quiet-space-for-children/ >.
Guide to the National Quality Standard. 2018 [Online]. Accessed
through:<http://childaustralia.mrooms.net/mod/book/view.php?
id=529&chapterid=372#s003>
Helping your child learn to use the toilet . 2018 [Online]. Accessed
through:<https://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/education/early_years_childcare/
ready-for-school/toilet-training/default.asp >.
Hygiene, Cleaning And Infection Control Policy . 2018 [Online]. Accessed
through:<https://www.saac.qld.edu.au/sites/default/files/files/Policies/Little%20Saints
%20Policies/Hygiene%2C%20Cleaning%20and%20Infection%20Control%20Policy
%20Nov%2014.pdf>.
Medication - Refusal to Take. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through:
<http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/medication-refusal-
to-take/>.
Quality Area 2 - Children's health and safety. 2018 [Online]. Accessed through:
<https://www.acecqa.gov.au/nqf/national-quality-standard/quality-area-2-childrens-health-
and-safety>.