Child Care: Safety Measures and Emergency Procedures

This document provides information on safety measures and emergency procedures in child care settings. It covers topics such as communication with families, rest areas for children, handling emergencies, and keeping children safe. It also includes guidance on washing toys, creating safe environments, and practicing food safety. The document offers advice on fitting car seats, organizing excursions, and responding to emergencies such as choking, burns, and ingestion of poisonous substances. It concludes with tips for fire safety, emergency evacuations, and pacifying children after traumatic events.

Running head: CHILD CARE
Child care
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author’s note

1CHILD CARE
Answer 1:
During enrolment, educators should communicate with families regarding the behavior of
their child and express any concern related to child’s behavior or learning process. Regular
updates should also be provided regarding child’s interest, learning needs, learning progress and
uniqueness. This makes families understand how their child is learning and the child is using her
imagination and interest to progress further. Communication related to the type of treatment
given to each child and the skills children have gained through the curriculum is also given to
families (Morrison, Storey and Zhang 2015).
Answer 2
Rest and sleeping areas should be provided to children attending a service provider so
that their relaxation needs are met. Different child have different sleep patterns and maintaining
regularity of sleep is important in early childhood education and care services (Carissimi et al.
2016). Some children have multiple sleeps throughout the days and having a sleep area can help
to appropriately respond to child’s sleep and relaxation needs
Answer 3
The rest areas for babies and older children may vary for different age group. In case of
infants, the rest areas should have labeled crib and crib sheets for individual babies. The napping
area should be separate from the play area and the sheets should be washed every week. For
toddlers and preschoolers, the napping area should have a mat or cot. In addition, blankets,
pillows and dim light should be provided so that soothing environment is provided to child
during sleep.

2CHILD CARE
Answer 4:
Quiet areas for children should include soft surfaces so that infants could lie down and
cuddle. The area should have some cozy rug, little sofa, bean bags, blanket, cushions and some
toys. Some interesting books or music can also be kept in quiet area so that children can look at
them and relax. Such quiet and protected areas would be useful when the child is upset or tired.
Answer 5:
The procedure for washing toys and other equipment are as follows:
 Soak toys in soap and water. This will help to remove dirts and debris from a toy
 Disinfect toys by soaking in disinfectants like bleach
 Rinse off the toys with water
 Dry the toys using towels or by keeping in dry areas
 Air drying is also important before it can be given to children
Answer 6
A program that can help feel children safe include the Safe4Kids Protective Education
Program that was designed to empower children and develop their skills to protect from abuse.
The program was designed for early year educators and children aged three years and above and
those with special needs. It was a culturally sensitive education program that provided children
information about ways to practice new skills in a safe environment. Through this program, they
have been able to identify early warning signs and take action if they feel safe. They are able to
express their feeling and emotions thus creating a safe environment for them (Safe4Kids 2019).

3CHILD CARE
Answer 7:
The plan could be adjusted to meet the need of preschool children by adjusting to the age
of preschool children and considering the supervision needs and kinds of harm preschool
children are exposed to. For preschool children, the nature of supervision will change as staff
needs to be more attentive with preschool children. The resource related plan for supervision will
also change in case of preschool children.
Answer 8:
If I detect a broken glass in the play area, then my strategy will be to remove all the
children from the play area and call the staffs to clean the area. I will also do thorough inspection
of the play area to identify pieces of glass which might harm children and lead to injury. I will
also ask children not to take off their shoes until the site is inspected to avoid risk of cut or
injuries due to broken glass.
Answer 9
To provide guidance to children on the safe use of equipments, the following steps can be
taken:
 Introduce the equipment to the child
 Demonstrate possible areas or materials in the equipment which could lead to injury
 Demonstrate behaviors which could lead to injury
 Teach children about proper handling of equipments to prevent injury
 Teach children to report about any injury on time
 Provide information about ground rules related to patient safety

4CHILD CARE
Answer 10:
Cleaning involves just removing dust, food particles and soil from equipments. However,
sanitization involves making surface of a product or equipment free from microorganisms and
germs.
Food storage areas and food preparation areas can be sanitized in the following ways:
 Removing loose dirt and rinsing the area with warm water
 Treating the area with hot water and detergent and then rinsing it with clean water
 Treat with very hot water for at least 2 minutes and apply sanitizer on the label
 Leave the storage area and preparation area to air dry (Department of health 2019).
Answer11
Practicing high standard of food safety is important while preparing food for young
children to prevent spread of foodborne illness in the child care setting. Contaminated food
product is a common way for the spread of infection. Bacteria, molds and parasite mostly
contaminate raw and cooked food products. High standard of food safety ensures that food
products are handed carefully and all staffs are trained regarding controlling hazards. This will
ensure that childcare centers adhere to hygiene regulation needed while preparing food.
Answer 12
Policy and procedure for moving and fitting car seats include the following:
 Children under four years must not sit in the front row if car has two or more rows
 Children should be kept in child restraint and booster seat for as long as possible
 Selection of proper care seat for each child based on age, weight and height

5CHILD CARE
 Use knowledge of different seat belt systems to properly fit care seats
 Training needs of staffs regarding fitting cars should be identified
 Staffs need to be trained regarding restraint use and crash statistics, type of restraints and
accessories, legal standards for safety and training on safe installment of care seats and
restraints.
 The policy can also educate staffs regarding the importance of selection of appropriate
child car restraints and learn the skills to identify hazards during transportation of child.
Answer 13:
While planning to arrange any excursion for children in child care setting, the child care
educator should inform families regarding the site and purpose of excursion. Parents should
be informed regarding reading consent form carefully and signing the form. Families should
also be informed regarding risk management plan and the preparation understands to reduce
any risk to child during the excursion. Families should be given adequate information so that
they can make informed decision regarding the participation of their child in excursion.
While advising parents regarding the excursion, details should be provided regarding time
and data of departure, destination, supervision available, details of activities, names of
teachers accompanying the excursion, cost involved and special rules related to the excursion
(Department of Education 2019)
Answer 14:
The details about the excursion can be distributed by attaching excursion detail in the daily
worksheet of children or by calling up families and asking them to visit the setting. On families
visit, they may be informed about the excursion in a face-to-face interaction.

6CHILD CARE
Answer 15:
If a child is choking while waiting for emergency assistance, it is necessary to take the
following steps:
1. It is important to dislodge the object with back blows and abdominal thrusts. Back blow
involves turning the child’s face down and using heel of the hand to deliver firm blows
between child’s shoulder blades. Abdominal thrust involves pressing into the abdomen
with a quick upward push to take out the object from the mouth of the child.
2. If the child is irresponsive even after breaths, then rescue breaths should be provided to
him
3. It is also necessary to call immediately while trying to do the above mentioned steps.
Answer 16:
Child care staff’s should take the following steps if a child was burnt while waiting for
emergency assistance:
1. If the child is burnt in child care setting, the first step that is needed is to call the
emergency department and remove clothes from the burned areas
2. The second step is necessary to take action to soothe the pain. This can include running
cold water over the burn areas as soon as possible.
3. In addition, the area can be cleaned with a clear bandage or soft towel
4. If the child awake, certain ointment can be applied for pain relief.
Answer 17:

7CHILD CARE
The action that needs to be taken when a child has ingested poisonous substance includes
the following:
1. The first step is to call the emergency department and provide information relate to type
of poison taken and the amount consumed by the child.
2. The second step is to wash the area around the mouth and perform CPR if the child is not
breathing.
3. Keep the sample of empty container for reference during emergency visits by doctors
4. Avoiding giving any food or drink to the child at this time.
Answer 18
In response to a serious fire caused by an electrical fault in the organization, the childcare
educators can convince parents regarding the step they have taken to prevent such fire in the
future and promote safety of children. The parents can be informed regarding current plan that
has been developed to prevent fire. This includes conducting fire drill each month and installing
new fire extinguishers at vital points. Details can also be provided regarding new training that
has been implemented in setting to ensure that all staffs are aware about emergency steps to be
taken during a fire. Parents could also be convinced by giving information regarding how
emergency supply kit has been updated post the event to avoid such events in the future. This
form of advice would convince parents that there child will be safe even if such fire hazards
occur in the future.
Answer 19:
In case of situations, when there is a need for emergency evacuation of the child care
setting, the following procedure needs to be followed:

8CHILD CARE
1. All the staffs should be made aware regarding the location of all stairways and exits and
made familiar with the location of the nearest fire alarm in the setting.
2. On hearing an evacuation alarms, staffs must cease all activity and evacuate the building
3. Physically challenges children should be provided support during evacuation and
evacuation supplies like extra blankets should be kept in close proximity to safely
evacuate children.
4. In the open area or assembly area, all teachers must ensure to take a headcount of number
of students in each classroom. This is necessary to ensure that no child is missing or left
behind at the premise.
5. Based on the nature of emergency, the decision to call up parents must be taken.
6. Children should be handed out to parents only when all children accounted for to be safe.
Answer 20
‘Stop, drop and roll’ is the process used when clothing catches fire. If during fire
emergencies, clothing catches fire, child care educators must educate student to stop where they
are, drop to the ground, cover their eyes and mouth with hands and roll over and over until the
flame is out.
It is beneficial for children to learn this behavior because emergency cases may arise
when child’s clothing may caught fire and they must be aware regarding behavior needed to
promote their safety. Children also get confused regarding when to stop, drop and roll. Hence,
teaching this technique will make them aware that stop, drop and roll is needed only when
clothing catch fire and not to repeat the behavior when a child burns a finger. Children should
also be instructed to stay away from fire and things that could catch fire such as lighters.

9CHILD CARE
Answer 21:
During assessment of emergency, the following things will be important:
1. Inspect the site regarding risk of fire or other emergencies
2. Identifying the nature and type of emergencies.
3. Evaluating current equipment present at the facility to tackle emergency situations
4. Conduct assessment of staff’s knowledge related to action needed during emergency
situations
5. Examine past events that has taken place at the center
Answer 22:
In the event of gas leak, the following procedure should be adapted by staffs:
1. In the event of gas lean, alert other staffs regarding gas leakage and try to trace the source
of leakage.
2. Open windows and doors of the classroom to improve ventilation
3. Call the fire brigade
4. Remove the children as soon as possible and give comfort to children until their parents
arrive.
Answer 23:
In case of a broken arm that has pierced the skin, it is necessary to call 911. No attempt
should be done to place the bone back and ice should be applied to reduce swelling.
Answer 25

10CHILD CARE
Child care educators must have the ability to pacify children when they are terrified by
traumatic event. They should be given a safe and calm place to recover. The child should not be
forced to do any activity and they should be offered food which gives them comfort. They should
be given sound sleep too.
Answer 26
10 rules that need to be implemented to keep children safe are as follows:
1. Encouraging adequate supervisions for each child
2. Planning activities as per the age of the child
3. Avoiding use of objects and learning items that can cause injury
4. Providing basic safety advice to children while giving toys
5. Encouraging children to be cautious during fire emergency
6. Teach children basic actions to be taken during an emergency
7. Inspect teaching equipments regarding risk of injury
8. Immediately report regarding any broken or damaged equipment
9. Instruct children to avoiding pushing and pulling in the classroom
10. Develop safer place for play and learning
Answer 27
The supervision plan for children with conduct disorder is as follows:
1. At least one staff should be trained regarding handling children with conduct disorder
2. Try to keep routine predictable for such children so that they maintain appropriate
behavior

11CHILD CARE
3. Be calm and avoid arguments with children
They should be engaged in activities that interest them such as painting.
Answer 28
Form for child health profile:
Date: _____
Child’s name: _____
Parent’s name: _______
Address: _______
Phone:______
Height: _____
Weight: _____
Primary health concern: _____________
When and how did the health concern began?____________
Answer 29:
Procedure related to cleaning food preparation areas:
1. Food preparation area should be cleaned and disinfected before and after preparing food
2. Cleaning should be done by scrubbing surface with hot water and detergent

12CHILD CARE
3. Disinfect by wetting the surface with bleach and leaving for 20 minutes. The area should
be rinsed and air dried later.
4. Table tops and chairs should be cleaned (Mid Central and Public Health Services 2018).
Answer 30
The visual pictures that can teach children how to handle food includes the following:
1. Wash your hands with water
2. Keep food preparation surface clean
3. Wash vegatables with cold water

13CHILD CARE
4. Follow kitchen safety rules:
Answer 31
Fact sheet to teach parent about meningococcal disease:

14CHILD CARE
What is meningococcal disease?
It is caused by a bacterial infection leading to inflammation of the lining of the brain and the
spinal cord caused due to infection with Neisseria meningitides.
Who are at risk?
Small children, adolescents and young adults are at more risk.
Common symptoms:
Neck stiffness, joint pain, sudden onset of fever, nausea, rashes and vomiting
How it is spread?
It is spread from person to person by sharing drinks and by secretions from nose (NSW
Government 2019).
Answer 32:
Ideal venue for excursion of children may include parks with open areas and garden. On
risk assessment of the venue, three risks have been identified for children. These are broken
benches, presence of stones and mud and presence of thorny bushes. These risk will be removed
by encouraging children to use soft mats instead of benches, children will be supervised to stay
away from muddy areas and thorny bushed will be separated by keeping barriers in between.
Answer 33:
Steps to handle disclosure of abuse:

15CHILD CARE
1. Listen to the child attentively and assure them that they took the right action by
disclosing about abuse
2. Record what has been said by the child
3. Inform the manager or supervisor about the information
4. Make proper document regarding the details of the child’s disclosure regarding abuse
Answer 34:
One example of scaffolding includes providing support or clue to children so that they
can easily learn a new behavior. For example, while asking a child to make block tower, the
children can be given clue like putting all the bigger blocks on the bottom so that they can easily
build the tower.
Answer 35:
Relevant cultural norms can be considered by allowing children to implement their
cultural values while engaging in learning. Respecting their cultural beliefs and values during
teaching will be important.
Answer 36:
While implementing a plan in child care setting, all educators should be informed
regarding its rationale and strategies so that they can act accordingly and implement actions to
achieve the key goals of the plan.
Answer 37:
Learned behavior is a type of behavior which is acquired by learning as a result of
experience. Hence, a child can imitate behavior by asking others. It can lead to inappropriate

16CHILD CARE
behavior as children can also copy aggressive behavior of people by observing them or they can
use slang language by observing others. This can be corrected by teaching children that the
required behavior is not good and it may give bad image to the child.
Answer 38:
Policies and procedures are set of guidelines implemented in an organization to influence
major actions and decisions in the setting. It also informs all involved staffs regarding the limits
or boundaries within which they must act. Policies are mainly based on legislations and legal
framework related to the nature of organizations.
Answer 39:
Code of ethics is a document that outlines the mission and values of an organization and
the ethical principles based on which the core values and activities in the organization should be
implemented. This is important in child care setting to ensure that child caregivers and educators
provide ethical, safe and responsive care to children. It reflects ethical responsibilities for early
childhood professionals.
Answer 41:
I faced an ethical dilemma when a child disclosed to me that she was physically abused
by her parents. It was a challenging situation for me as I could not involve’s child parents in
resolving the matter and I was not sure whether this should be informed to concerned authority
or not. However, due to possible risk for child, I reported this to my supervisor. My supervisor
advised to contact other members of the family to confirm the allegation. I contacted the child’s
grandparents regarding the issues and asked them to confirm whether the child is at such risk or

17CHILD CARE
not. This helped to resolve the matter as the child’s allegation was confirmed and adequate action
for safety of the child was taken.
Answer 40:
Behavior guidance plan to guide a particular child’s behavior:
Scenario or situation: The behavior guidance plan is being developed in response to the
inappropriate behavior seen for a child in the setting. The child is found to be very inattentive
and he does not like take part in group activities. The child is aggressive at times too. As this
kind of behavior would affect his ability to learn and develop, inspecting his behavior and
providing appropriate behavioral guidance is necessary. Developing such plan is importance to
support children to learn self-regulation skills and find appropriate methods to express their
views and feelings to others (Jones et al. 2016).
Significance and goal of the behavior guidance plan:
This behavior guidance plan is necessary for a child with inappropriate behavior so that
child’s behavior can be accurately analyzed and proper guidance can be given to such children so
they learn self-regulation skills while they learn and grow. The main purpose of the plan is to
support the child along the journey towards self-control and step back from situation of
confrontation. Hence, the main aim will be to develop conflict resolution skills and support the
child in developing social skills. Erikson’s psychosocial development theory states that social
interaction and conflicts occur during different stage of development and in each stage of human
development, people are faced with a developmental conflict that influence their functioning in
later life (Cherry 2017). Therefore, health educators will play a role in supporting and promoting

18CHILD CARE
positive social and emotional development of the child by means of the behavior guidance plan.
The following steps will be taken to assess child’s behavior and develop behavior guidance plan:
1. Identify and assess the patterns of behavior of the child
2. Frame short term and long term objectives to be achieved through the plan
3. Plan alternative behavior needed and develop the plan accordingly
4. Follow organizational policies and procedures in relation to behavior guidance plan
5. Develop the plan appropriate to the age and developmental stage of the child
6. Engage in consultation with staffs and child’s family while developing the child
7. Prepare proper resource to implement the plan
The details regarding each step will be discussed later in respective headings
Assessment of child’s behavior:
The child’s behavior need to be assessed overtime and in different situations to ensure
that the child’s behavioral issues like inattentiveness and lack of social interaction is temporary
or consistent. The child’s behavioral also needs to be matched with his age and stage of
development to understand whether the behavior is normal or intervention is required. In
addition, other staffs in the setting can also be involved to confirm that the child’s behavior is
inappropriate. Parent’s involvement is also important to identify whether the child behavior is
different only in school setting or at home too (Crone, Hawken and Horner 2015). In case of the
child, the main issue is that the child is displaying inappropriate behavior only in child care
setting. Hence, assessment of setting related factor may help to modify behavior of the child.
Each child’s behavior might be an indication of something. As the child under focus is
inattentive and aggressive, there is a need to identify the reasons behind such action. To assess

19CHILD CARE
inappropriate behavior, the child’s behavior can be recorded and compared in different
situations. For example, the behavior of a child individually and the behavior of a child in a
group can be assessed. Bad behavior of a child may be linked to environmental, emotional and
social issues in the life of people. Hence, parents or other members of the family can be
contacted to find out whether life changes like new sibling, starting schools or loss of something
is the reason behind negative behaviors. The possibility of learning disability can also be a
possibility. Therefore, assessment of behavior in class as well as in home would help to identify
behavioral risk issues and the cause behind inappropriate behavior in the child. Kurki et al.
(2016) explains that teachers in child care setting plays a major role in managing challenging
situations and regulating child’s emotion and behavior.
Short-term and long-term objectives of the plan:
The immediate short term objectives of the behavior guidance plan are as follows:
 To improve concentration and progress in learning for the child
 To increase participation of the child in social group based activities
 To reduce aggressive behavior and develop self-regulation skills for the child
The long term objectives for the child are as follows:
 To develop the child’s ability to resolve conflicts
 To enable the child to act responsible and acquire socially acceptable behavior and build
meaningful relationships in life
 To develop civic sense in the child

20CHILD CARE
Analysis of the behavior:
A child’s behavior is influenced by several factors such as age, level of development,
environment and the relationship with their carers. Hence, it will be the duty of educators to
assess child’s experience in their family and the child’s learning behavior as per their age and
stage of development. Evaluation of the environment can also be done to identify whether certain
aspects of environment lead to such behavior in the child ().
The following questions would help to understand and interpret the behavior of the child:
1. Is the child’s behavior influenced by his experience in the family?
2. Does relationship between the child and parents plays a role in inappropriate behavior of
the child?
3. Is the social and physical environment around the child is playing a role in affecting the
behavior of the child?
Strategies for behavioral guidance:
In response to the assessment and analysis of child’s behavior, the following alternatives
can be planned if the inappropriate behavior is seen only in the childcare setting:
 As the child is not active during group activities, the child can be encouraged to
change his partner so that his behavior improves.
 Environmental modifications in the child care setting such as changing the
activity area can be done so that frustration occurring due to crowding can be
avoided

21CHILD CARE
 The learning materials can also be modified so that child’s needs and interest can
be met
 If the child’s behavior is occurring due to poor attachment with educators, then
staffing situations or skills need to be modified so that the child can learn and
become active in the setting.
Knowledge regarding the impact of social and physical environment can also enable practitioners
to bring necessary change in the setting to influence child’s behavior. The child may be
frustrated and inattentive because of the environment. Hence, well-planned and pleasing space
can be provided so that behavioral issues for the child can be eliminated (O'Connor 2017).
The strategy of contacting parents regarding the nature of their child’s behavior is
important so that educators can inquire things that the child likes and things which irritate him.
Based on such interaction, appropriate toys and materials can be given to the child to reduce
avoidable conflicts. The parents of the child will also be encouraged to give comfort and
emotional support to the child so they love to interact with each others instead of remaining
secluded. Another possible strategy would be to change the program or timing of the schedule so
that children gain trust and become involved in class lessons. For example, teachers can give
enough time to the child so that he completes activities at his own pace without development
frustration and emotional outbursts. Being flexible in program schedules can also help the child
to have a balanced day of active and rest periods (Miller 2015). These strategies would work to
promote optimal functioning of the child.
Identify and promote adaption of alternative teaching style to improve child’s behavior:

22CHILD CARE
To achieve long term goals, there is a need to determine more acceptable and alternative
behavior that could fulfill basic needs of the child. For example, instead of using force and
inattentiveness as a strategy to encourage the child to fulfill class lessons, the child care
educators should take the approach to adapt new teaching behaviors such as love and belonging
to increase interest of the child in class lessons. In addition, the tactics of freedom of choice can
also be employed so that the child chooses activities based on his own interest, yet he get to learn
what he is supposed to. Parker, Novak and Bartell (2017) supports that giving children real
choices in the classroom can help to boost their engagement and motivation. Hence, the main
advantage of this strategy is that it enables children to meet their individual learning needs. Good
understanding about how children in different age group are likely to respond to an activity and
giving them appropriate choices accordingly would help to manage inappropriate behavior.
Another flexible strategy that can be taken to increase the child’s interest in learning
includes taking efforts to make the activities more fun and interesting for the children. Hence, if
the child is taking time to learn, first strategy is to provide additional time to the child for
acquisition of the lessons. If this strategy also fails, then the step that can be taken is to modify
the activity and plan other ways to support children to learn and acquire certain social skills.
Complying with the philosophy and policies of the child care setting:
In response to the steps or strategies to be taken to respond to inappropriate behavior of a
child setting, another responsibility of the educator is to implement each action in accordance
with the policies and norms of the child care setting. The review of the behavior management
policy is important to understand their scope of actions in relation to positive behavior
management. All the action should be guided by Early Childhood Code of Ethics and United

23CHILD CARE
Nation’s convention on the rights of the child (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). Hence, all actions
related to the change process should be based on the limits set by the code of ethics and
procedures set by the setting.
Resource needs:
Availability of vital resource related to the behavior management plan is also crucial in
achieving the goal and objectives of the plan. The first resource that is needed include
development of educator’s skills and knowledge in implementing the plan. To achieve the
desired behavior and the child’s cooperation, the educator needs to have the skills related to
knowledge of child development, factors affecting children’s behavior and range of behavior
guidance strategies. Strong communication skill is also essential to develop student’s interest in
activities. Apart from these professional skills, personal attributes like compassion and caring
attitude is necessary to build effective relationship with the child. Material resource includes
availability of different types of toys and creative arts item like mud, puppetry and dance.
Conclusion:
Different social and environmental factors play a role in influencing behavior of children.
This behavior guidance plans summarizes the steps to be taken to resolve the problem of
inattentiveness and aggressiveness of the child. The plan has been developed based on age and
stage of development of child and strategies related to behavior management has been planned
based on assessment of the behavior of the child. Following the above mentioned plan is vital for
all educators who are looking to change the behavior of a child in the setting.

24CHILD CARE
References:
Carissimi, A., Dresch, F., Martins, A.C., Levandovski, R.M., Adan, A., Natale, V., Martoni, M.
and Hidalgo, M.P., 2016. The influence of school time on sleep patterns of children and
adolescents. Sleep medicine, 19, pp.33-39.
Cherry, K., 2017. Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. Psychology. Psychosocial
Theories. Päivitetty, 14, p.2017.
Crone, D.A., Hawken, L.S. and Horner, R.H., 2015. Building positive behavior support systems
in schools: Functional behavioral assessment. guilford Publications.
Department of Education 2019. GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES EXCURSIONS. Retrieved
from: https://education.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/441890/Excursion-Guidelines.pdf
Department of health 2019. Cleaning and sanitising food premises and food equipment.
Retrieved from: https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Cleaning-and-sanitising-food-
premises-and-food-equipment
https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/infectious/factsheets/pages/meningococcal_disease.aspx
Jones, S.M., Zaslow, M., Darling-Churchill, K.E. and Halle, T.G., 2016. Assessing early
childhood social and emotional development: Key conceptual and measurement issues. Journal
of Applied Developmental Psychology, 45, pp.42-48.
Kurki, K., Järvenoja, H., Järvelä, S. and Mykkänen, A., 2016. How teachers co-regulate
children’s emotions and behaviour in socio-emotionally challenging situations in day-care
settings. International Journal of Educational Research, 76, pp.76-88.

25CHILD CARE
Mid Central and Public Health Services 2018. Cleaning and disinfecting guidelines for early
childhood education centres. Retrieved from:
https://www.midcentraldhb.govt.nz/HealthServices/PublicHealth/healthprotection/Documents/
Cleaning%20Guidelines%20-%20MCH%202010.pdf
Miller, D.F., 2015. Positive child guidance. Cengage Learning.
Morrison, J.W., Storey, P. and Zhang, C., 2015. Accessible family involvement in early
childhood programs. Creating a Nature-Inspired Outdoor Learning Environment for Urban
Spaces.
NSW Government 2019. Meningococcal disease fact sheet. Retrieved from:
O'Connor, A., 2017. Understanding transitions in the early years: Supporting change through
attachment and resilience. Routledge.
Parker, F., Novak, J. and Bartell, T., 2017. To engage students, give them meaningful choices in
the classroom. Phi Delta Kappan, 99(2), pp.37-41.
Safe4Kids 2019. Safe4Kids Protective Education Program. Retrieved from:
https://safe4kids.com.au/protective-education-program/
Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016. Ethical leadership and decision making in education:
Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge.

26CHILD CARE