Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development

This literature review examines the impact of childhood trauma on social development. It discusses the various forms of trauma, including abuse and neglect, and how they affect individuals throughout their lives. The review also examines the challenges faced by traumatized individuals, such as poor academic achievement and behavioral issues.

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Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
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1Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
Introduction
Childhood trauma has been discussed over the years since it impacts adversely on the overall
development of a child. A large number of people state childhood trauma as the reason for lifelong
consequences inclusive of both physical and mental illness (Van der Kolk, 2017). Childhood trauma
generally refers to the experience which individuals fail to forget. The horror or brutality of the incidents
is reminded again and again in their life for which individuals become traumatized. There are several
reasons for which individuals get traumatized including mental torment, physical harassment and so on.
Hence, the study by conducting a literature review will shed light on how childhood trauma affects the
social development of a child as well as an individual. In the whole course of the discussion a wide range
of literature and scholar works who conducted research in this particular area will be evaluated. Finally,
the study will give a summarization of the entire discussion.
Discussion
Impact of childhood trauma on children
According to Cook, Spinazzola, Ford, Lanktree, Blaustein, Cloitre and Mallah (2017), a million
of children in Australia experience negligence, abuses and tortures in their daily life which most of the
time remain hidden from the world. However such incidents impact on the development of a child
grossly. Even though some survive, they often feel ashamed about their childhood experience and blame
themselves. High stress, mental illness and substance abuses are common health issues among those who
experience unpleasant incidents in their childhood. The most common incident for which the children
remain traumatized throughout their entire life is sexual abuse. The adult individuals who survive also
remain under the effect of the trauma for the whole life. The result of the unpleasant incidents is not only
limited to the trauma, rather due to the trauma, which individuals during their childhood, but several

2Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
diseases are also occurred and furthermore adversely impacts on the social developments. Often it is seen
that most of the people fail to get accustomed to the flow of life.
On the other hand, Carr, Martins, Stingel, Lemgruber and Juruena (2013) suggested that the
major incident which makes individuals and children traumatized is nothing but abuse, physical
harassment and so on. Children often become the victim of domestic violence like abuse and sexual
harassment within the boundary of the family itself. Most of the children do not even understand that they
are sexually harassed. Initially, they remain in shock due to unusual incidents. In most of the cases,
children fail to inform their family about the unusual incidents. However, in some cases, even if they
inform their family, they are asked to remain silent. As a result, they start growing up within an
environment that is predominated by fear, guilt feeling and anxiety, which lead to emotional and
psychological trauma. These children who face such incidents in their childhood find it difficult to cope
up with the flow of real life. A fear of being exploited along with the feeling of guilt is the most common
issue faced by children and adults who sometimes in their life had the experience of abuse, harassment or
dishonor.
Contradicting the previous argument, Fonagy (2018) further states that there are indirect incidents
too which equally impact on the social development of individuals. For example, a child before whom his
or her mother or father are assaulted tends to develop a negative approach towards life, and as a result,
they lag behind in the race of life, while people around them excel leaving them behind. The major issue
is seen within these individuals is that they do not remain socially connected with other members of
society. Often it is seen these individuals finally result in being a sociopath. The impact is certainly not
limited to being incapable of maintaining social relations, rather such kind of childhood trauma
sometimes force an individual to commit suicide. However, most of the children with childhood trauma
are seen with serious behavioral issues. Distrust, anger, misunderstand and so on are the most common ill
behaviors creating obstacles in the pathway of an individual to become a socially developed person.

3Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
Meanwhile, Mandelli, Petrelli and Serretti (2015) observed children who work as domestic labor
are often exploited, and due to the financial need, they generally remain silent instead of voicing out
against the misdeed. Naturally, it is seen that those children after being harassed or exploited often chose
the wrong means of financial gain. It has been seen that most of the criminals report childhood trauma or
bad childhood experience which lead them to opt for criminal activities. Those who belong from extreme
poor economic strata, generally suffer from many challenges and have several bad experiences which
leave their marks forever in their life.
In the meantime, as per Krystal (2015), it has been observed that childhood trauma often results
in poor concentration among the children which heavily impacts on their education in an adverse manner.
Traumatized children generally tend to become disobedient, aggressive, and hyperactive and so on.
Insomnia is another very common issue seen among children as well as adults since they fear to be alone.
Nightmares are the other problems which equally impacts in an adverse manner over the social
development of a child and the young adults. Those who suffer from childhood trauma are seen with low
self-esteem or an under estimative approach towards life since they experience negativity to quiet an
extent in their life. In the meantime, the young adults due to recurrence of childhood trauma often go to
depression. The poor communication skills, on the other hand, another reason caused by lack of
development due to childhood trauma. The major negative impact of childhood trauma is largely
considered as low academic achievement. Due to less concentration, a child from his very childhood to
adult stage fails to achieve good academic results and often give up leaving studies incomplete. The
school and college dropouts are seen to be reported childhood trauma for which they fear of being social
with others. In another way, childhood trauma makes individuals generally tend to become dependent,
and in most cases, they chose alcohol and drugs as the best option to remain isolated.
However, Maschi, Baer, Morrissey and Moreno (2013) suggested by stating that childhood
trauma and its impact on the social development of a child is gross. Most of the individuals fail to
overcome and move on to the smooth flow of life whereas some make a difference while overcoming the

4Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
childhood trauma successfully. Those individuals set an example for others so that others similar to them
can overcome the trauma successfully. There are several challenges and issues that are caused by
childhood trauma. However, the most common reason for which social development of a child or
individual get hampered is that most of the victims cannot forget the brutality happened with them and in
most cases they blame themselves.
Stien and Kendall (2014) further argues that a large number of children, as well as young adults,
encounter harassments and torments in their everyday life which more often are remain hidden from the
world. Anyway, such episodes impacts on the advancement of a child terribly. Even though some survive,
they often feel embarrassed about their youth experience and develop guilt feeling against themselves.
High pressure, psychological sickness and substance mishandles are underlying medical problems among
the individuals who encounter unpalatable occurrences in their youth. The most widely recognized
episode for which the children remain vulnerable all through as long as they can remember. Indeed, even
the adult survivors also stay under the impact of the trauma for the entire life. The aftereffect of the
unpalatable occurrences is not just constrained to the trauma, rather due to the trauma, which people
experience amid their adolescence, causes sicknesses within children and moreover unfavorably impacts
on the social improvements. Often it is seen that a large portion of the general population fails to get
acclimated with the stream of life.
With a different viewpoint, Stevens, Gerhart, Goldsmith, Heath, Chesney and Hobfoll (2013) is
of the opinion that the significant occurrence that makes children and people damage mentally is only
maltreatment, physical provocation etc. Youngsters generally are affected by individual aggressive
behavior like maltreatment and lewd behavior inside the limit of family. A large portion of the children
cannot comprehend that they are by and large explicitly irritated. At first, they stay in shock because of
abnormal occurrences. In a large portion of the cases, youngsters neglect to inform their family about the
unordinary circumstances. At times, regardless of whether they illuminate their family, they are requested
to stay quiet. Accordingly, they begin growing up inside an encompassing domain that is prevailed dread,

5Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
uneasiness etc. and this prompted enthusiastic and psychological injury. These children who face such
occurrences in their youth think that it is hard to adapt up to the truth and stream of life. The dread of
being exploited alongside the sentiment of blame is the most well-known issue considered by children
and grown-ups who some way or the other had the experience of maltreatment or disrespect.
Meanwhile, according to Luby, Belden, Botteron, Marrus, Harms, Babb and Barch (2013), the
backhanded incidents are there too which similarly impact on the social improvement of people. For
instance, a child, before whom his or her parents are humiliated or harassed have a tendency to build up
an adverse inclination towards life, and therefore they linger behind in the race of life, while individuals
encompass them to exceed expectations abandoning them. The real issue is seen inside these people is
that they do not remain socially associated with different individuals from society. Regularly it is seen
these people wind up being a sociopath. The effect is positively not constrained to being unequipped for
blending socially, rather such sort of childhood trauma drive a person to commit suicide. In any case, the
vast majority of youngsters with childhood trauma are seen with certain conduct issues. Doubt, outrage,
misjudge and so on are the most well-known sick practices since they create obstructions in the pathway
of a person to become a socially connected individual.
Dvir, Ford, Hill and Frazier (2014) further contended a large number of adolescents experience
recklessness, abuses and torments in their consistent life which as a general rule stay maintained a
strategic distance from being appeared before the world. Such events impact on the progression of a child
frightfully. Even though some survive, they every now and again feel humiliated about their childhood
experience and blame themselves. High weight, mental disorder and substance abuses are fundamental
medical issues among the people who experience unpalatable events in their childhood. The most
generally perceived scene for which the children stay harmed all through for as far back as they can
recall. To be sure, even the adult survivors remain under the effect of the damage for the whole life. The
delayed consequence of the unpalatable events is not simply compelled to the damage, rather due to the
damage, which individuals in the midst of their youth, causes a couple and ailments and besides horribly

6Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
impacts on the social changes. Routinely it is seen that a substantial bit of the overall public disregard to
get accustomed with the surge of life.
Rilling and Young (2014) contradicted the above view point opined that the huge event that
makes harmed children and individuals is physical incitement over than any other incidents. Adolescents
consistently transform into the harmed individual forceful conduct at home like abuse and lewd conduct
inside the breaking point of family. An expansive segment of the children does not understand that they
are all things considered expressly bothered. At first, they remain in shock as a result of unusual events.
In an expansive part of the cases, youths disregard to prompt their family about the exceptional scenes. In
any case, on occasion, paying little heed to whether they light up their family, they are asked to remain
calm. Appropriately they start growing up inside an including an area that is dominated by fear,
uneasiness and so forth and this incited excited and psychological damage. These children who face such
events in their childhood imagine that it is difficult to adjust up to reality and stream of life. A fear of
being abused close by the feeling of fault is the most notable issue looked by adolescents and adults who
some way or the other had the experience of abuse, bullying or irreverence.
On the other hand, according to Larkin, Felitti & Anda (2014), there are underhanded scenes too
which correspondingly impacts on the social change of individuals. For example, a child, before whom
his or her family members or closed ones are abused or harassed tend to develop an opposite tendency
towards life, and subsequently, they wait behind in the race of life, while people include they surpass
desires deserting them. The main problem is seen inside these individuals is that they do not remain
socially connected with various people from society. Frequently it is seen these individuals end up being a
sociopath. The impact is certainly not obliged to being unequipped for mixing socially, rather such kind
of youth damage drive a man to submit suicide. Regardless, most by far of the adolescents with youth
damage is seen with honest to direct goodness issues. Uncertainties, shock, misinterpret and so on are the
most outstanding debilitated practices since impediments in the pathway of a man to twist up socially
made person.

7Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
However, Meins (2013) agreeing that stated, as per observation children who fill in as a
neighborhood work are consistently abused and in view of the financial need all around remain calm
rather voicing out against the bad behavior. Well ordered, it is seen that those children in the wake of
being chafed or mishandled consistently picked the wrong strategies for financial advantage. It has been
seen that by far most of the lawbreakers report youth damage or terrible youth experience which drove
them to pick criminal activities. The people who have a place from exceptional poor budgetary strata
overall experience the evil impacts of various challenges and have various horrendous experiences which
leave their engravings forever in their life.
In the meantime, Kelleher, Keeley, Corcoran, Ramsay, Wasserman, Carli and Cannon (2013)
further positions argument that it has been seen that adolescent damage as often as possible outcomes into
poor obsession among the youths which vivaciously impacts on their guidance in a hostile way. Harmed
children tend to end up defiant, mighty, and hyperactive and so forth. An issue of less sleep is another to a
great degree consistent issue seen among children and adults since they fear to be inaccessible from every
other person. Frightful dreams are exchange issues which comparatively impacts in a dangerous route
over the social progression of an adolescent and the young adults. The people who encounter the evil
impacts of youth damage are seen with low certainty or an under estimative technique towards life since
they experience pessimism to quiet a degree in their life. In the meantime, the young adults on account of
a rehash of youth damage much of the time go to discouragement. The poor social capacities, on the other
hand, another reason caused by nonappearance of change on account of youth damage. The noteworthy
negative impact of youth damage is, as it were, considered as the low academic achievement. In light of
fewer obsessions, a child from his extraordinary youthfulness to grown-up stage fails to achieve
incredible insightful results and routinely surrender leaving looks at lacking. The school and school
dropouts are accepted to be represented youth damage for which they fear of being social with others. In
other way youth damage makes individuals tend to twist upward and generally speaking they picked
alcohol and drugs as the best decision to remain confined.

8Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
Impact of Childhood trauma on adult individuals
According to Leenarts, Diehle, Doreleijers, Jansma and Lindauer (2013), it is upheld to express
that adolescent damage, and its impact on the social change of an individual is gross. Most of the general
population disregards to survive and continue forward to the smooth stream of life however some make
refinement while beating the adolescent damage successfully. Those individuals set instances for other
individuals with the objective that others like them can overcome the damage adequately. There are a
couple of troubles and issues that are caused by youth damage. Among them, the most broadly perceived
clarification behind which social change of a child or individual get hampered is that by far most of the
terrible losses cannot neglect the savagery happened with them and all things considered they viewed
themselves as tried and true.
However, in accordance with Lee, Tsenkova and Carr (2014), harassments and torments
experienced by individuals during their childhood often remain kept up a vital separation from the world.
Such cases impact on the growth of a child horrendously. Despite the manner in which that some
survives, they occasionally feel mortified about their youth experience and point the finger at themselves.
Hypertension, mental confusion and substance abuses are crucial restorative issues among the general
population who encounter unpalatable occasions in their youth. The major cases for which the children
are adversely impacted all through are the physical torture and sexual abuses. Undoubtedly, even the
grown-up survivors too stay under the impact of the harm for the entire life. The result of the unpalatable
occasions is not just constrained to the harm, rather due to the harm, which people amidst their childhood,
causes a couple and diseases what's more frightfully impacts on the social changes. Accordingly, it is seen
that a significant piece of the general open negligence to get acclimated with the flood of life.
Van Nierop, Van Os, Gunther, Van Zelst, De Graaf, Ten Have and Van Winkel (2014) further
argue that the great issue that affects children and people is physical impelling. Teenagers reliably change
into the hurt individual powerful direct at home like maltreatment and lewd lead inside the limit of
family. A wide portion of the youngsters does not comprehend that they are everything considered

9Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
explicitly troubled. At first, they stay in stun because of odd occasions. In a comprehensive piece of the
cases, young people negligence to provoke their family about the remarkable scenes. Regardless, once in
a while, paying little notice to whether they light up their family, they are requested to resist the urge to
panic. Suitably they begin growing up inside an including territory that prevailed by dread, uneasiness
and so on, and this induces psychological harm. These children who face such occasions in their
adolescence envision that it is hard to modify up to the real world and stream of life. Fear of being
mishandled near to the sentiment of blame is the most remarkable issue looked by young people and
grown-ups who some way or the other had the experience of maltreatment, harassing or disrespectfulness.
Meanwhile, Lu, Peng, Wang, Vasish, Zhang, Gao and Li (2013) further stated that there are
devious scenes too which correspondingly impacts on the social difference in people. For instance, a
child, who see anyone to be exploited have a tendency to build up a dangerous propensity towards life,
and along these lines, they hold up behind in the race of life, while other individuals outperform them.
The fundamental issue is seen inside these people is that they do not remain socially associated with
different individuals from society. As often as possible it is seen these people wind up being a sociopath.
The effect is determinedly not obliged to being unequipped for blending socially, rather such sort of youth
harm drive a man to submit suicide. In any case, most by a long shot of the young people with youth harm
are seen with true blue direct issues. Vulnerability, shock, confound etc. are the most exceptional
weakened practices since obstacles in the pathway of a man to curve up socially made individual.
However, Fox, Perez, Cass, Baglivio and Epps (2015) suggested that children who work as child
labors are reliably mishandled and in perspective of the economic need all around resist the urge to panic
rather voicing out against the terrible conduct. All around requested, it is seen that those youngsters in the
wake of being abraded or misused reliably picked the wrong systems for money related preferred
standpoint. It has been seen that by a wide margin a large portion of the offenders reports youth harm or
loathsome youth experience which drove them to pick criminal exercises. The general populations who
have a place from remarkable poor economic strata in general experience the malicious effects of

10Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
different difficulties and have different loathsome encounters which leave their inscriptions forever in
their life.
Lee, Tsenkova and Carr (2014) further explored that immature harm as regularly as likely results
in poor fixation among the adolescents which vivaciously impacts on their direction hastily. Hurt children
everything thought about tending to wind up resistant, relentless, and hyperactive etc. A napping issue is
another to an extraordinary degree reliable issue seen among children and grown-ups since they fear to be
out of reach from each other individual. Terrible dreams are trade issues which relatively impacts in a
debilitating course over the social movement of a youthful and the youthful grown-ups. The general
population who experience the detestable effects of youth harm are seen with low assurance or an under
estimative method towards life since they encounter negativity to calm a degree in their life. Meanwhile,
the youthful grown-ups because of a repeat of youth harm a significant part of the time goes to
debilitation. The poor social limits then again another reason caused by the nonappearance of progress
because of youth harm. The essential negative effect of youth harm is, in a manner of speaking,
considered as the low scholarly accomplishment. In light of fewer fixations, a youngster from his
remarkable state to grown-up stage neglects to accomplish amazing quick outcomes and routinely
surrender leaving takes a gander at lacking. The school and school dropouts are acknowledged to be
spoken to youth harm for which they dread of being social with others. In other way youth harm makes
people everything considered tend to curve, and as a rule, they picked liquor and medications as the best
choice to stay limited.
Stien and Kendall (2014) presented the contention that juvenile harm and its effect on the social
difference in an individual is gross. The majority inclusive of community negligence to survive and
proceed forward to the smooth stream of life anyway some makes refinement while beating the immature
harm effectively. Those people set an example for different people with the target that others like them
can beat the damage satisfactorily. There are a few inconveniences and issues that are caused by youth
harm, regardless, the most extensively saw illumination behind which social difference in a youngster or

11Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
individual get hampered is that by a long shot the majority of the frightful misfortunes cannot disregard
the viciousness occurred with them and everything considered they saw themselves as reliable.
On the other hand, Mandelli, Petrelli and Serretti, (2015) suggested that individuals who fill in as
a local work are often misbehaved physically, and because of the financial need they stay quiet rather
voicing out against the wrongdoing. Step by step, it is seen that those children in the wake of being
irritated or abused regularly picked the wrong methods for monetary benefit. It has been seen that the vast
majority of the crooks report childhood trauma or awful youth experience which drove them to pick
criminal exercises. The individuals who have a place from extraordinary poor financial strata by and large
experience the ill effects of numerous difficulties and have numerous terrible encounters which leave
their imprints forever in their life.
Agreeing that Fonagy (2018) states that it has been seen that childhood trauma frequently results
in poor fixation among the youngsters which vigorously impacts on their instruction in an antagonistic
way. Damaged children, by and large, have a tendency to wind up rebellious, forceful, and hyperactive
etc. A sleeping disorder is another extremely regular issue seen among children and grown-ups since they
fear to be distant from everyone else. Bad dreams are other issues which similarly impacts in an
unfriendly way over the social advancement of a youngster and the youthful grown-ups. The individuals
who experience the ill effects of childhood trauma are seen with low confidence or an under estimative
methodology towards life since they encounter cynicism to calm a degree in their life. Meanwhile, the
youthful grown-ups because of a repeat of childhood trauma frequently go to dejection. The poor
relational abilities then again another reason caused by the absence of improvement because of childhood
trauma. The significant negative effect of childhood trauma is to a great extent considered as a low
scholastic accomplishment. Because of fewer fixations, a kid from his exceptional adolescence to grown-
up stage neglects to accomplish great scholarly outcomes and regularly surrender leaving examines
inadequate. The school and school dropouts are believed to be accounted for childhood trauma for which
they dread of being social with others. In another way, childhood trauma makes people mostly have a

12Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
tendency to wind up ward, and as a rule, they picked liquor and medications as the best choice to stay
detached.
However, as per Van der Kolk (2017), childhood trauma and its effect on the social improvement
of a child are gross. The greater part of the people neglects to survive and proceed onward to the smooth
stream of life, though some make distinction while beating the childhood trauma effectively. Those
people set instances for other people with the goal that others like them can beat the injury effectively.
There are a few difficulties and issues that are caused by childhood trauma, notwithstanding, the most
widely recognized explanation behind which social improvement of a child or individual get hampered is
that the vast majority of the unfortunate casualties cannot overlook the fierceness occurred with them, and
by and large they considered themselves dependable.
Conclusion
Thus, in order to conclude it is apt to assert that childhood trauma has been examined over the
years since it impacts unfavorably on the general advancement of a child. A substantial number of
individuals state childhood trauma to be the reason of lingering behind in the race of life. Additionally,
after conducting the literature review, a literature gap could be identified, that is, there are hardly any
research conducted as to how childhood trauma can be overcome successfully. Hence, it is apt to state
that the previously mentioned area has husge scope of research. Consequently, the examination by
leading a writing survey revealed insight into how childhood trauma influences social improvement.
Childhood trauma alludes to the experience which people neglect to overlook; rather the loathsomeness or
ruthlessness get reminded over and over in their life for which people considered them responsible. There
are a few explanations behind which people get damaged including, mental torment, and physical
provocation etc. Over the span of the discussion an extensive variety of writing and researcher works who
led examine in this specific zone.

13Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
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15Literature review on how childhood trauma can affect social development
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