Methods and Techniques in Civil Engineering for Earthworks and Substructures

CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
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Contents
Contents......................................................................................................................................................2
Task 1: Methods and techniques used in civil engineering for earthworks and substructures...................3
Equipment used in earthwork.................................................................................................................3
Equipment used in transportation...........................................................................................................3
Equipment for compaction......................................................................................................................4
Earthwork techniques.............................................................................................................................4
Methods used in the creation of complex foundations...........................................................................4
Methods for pilling works........................................................................................................................5
Methods as well as techniques used in large and sophisticated earth moving operations and deep
excavations..............................................................................................................................................6
Task 2: Safety plan risk assessment and method statement for a given civil engineering activity..............7
Hazards and risks linked to working on confined spaces as well as working on structures.....................7
Hazards and risks linked with working on tall structures.........................................................................7
(b) Safety Plan..........................................................................................................................................9
Construction site Risk Assessment plan...................................................................................................9
D - Justification......................................................................................................................................10
Task 3: Evaluate a given civil engineering problem and propose a solution..............................................10
The environmental, geotechnical, quality as well as economic contests of a civil engineering challenge
...............................................................................................................................................................10
How the geotechnical, quality, environmental as well as economic contexts poof the problem would
be identified..........................................................................................................................................11
TASK 4: Prepare a design proposal for a new infrastructure project.........................................................11
Methods and techniques for highway design........................................................................................11
Methods as well as techniques used in the creation of bridge foundations and flexible highway
construction foundations......................................................................................................................14
References.................................................................................................................................................15

Task 1: Methods and techniques used in civil engineering for earthworks
and substructures
Earthwork defines the process of excavation, transportation as well as placement of soil
somewhere else to give way for the eruption of an engineering structure. Three main processes
are involved in the earthwork process:
 Excavation of the soil
 Loading as well as transportation of soil1
 Placement and compaction of already transported soil
Based on the availability of resources, quantity of work that needs to be carried out as well as the
conditions of the site, different equipment are deployed in earthwork processes.
Equipment used in earthwork
Various equipment will be used for the given scenario in conducting the various activities. The
equipment have been classified into three main categories including
 Excavating equipment
 Transporting equipment
 Compacting equipment
 Excavation equipment
Such are equipment which would be used in the excavation of the ground and are among them
bulldozers, scrapers, draglines, power shovels as well as clam shells
1 Harris and others "Choice architecture as a way to encourage a whole systems design perspective for more
sustainable infrastructure." Sustainability9, no. 1 (2016): 54

Equipment used in transportation
The se define the equipment that would be used in attaining geographical mobility of the
excavated soil from the excavation point to the point of placement. Among them include:
 Dumpers
 Tipper
 Belt conveyors
 Graders
 Trucks
Equipment for compaction
These refer to equipment which would be used in the compaction of the placed soil and are
among them smooth wheel rollers, pneumatic tired rollers, sheep foot roller and vibratory roller
equipment
Earthwork techniques
Various approaches and strategies would be adopted during the process of earthwork and a few
of such will include2
 Levelling
 U-cut
 Borrow and cut to crossbill
Measurement of earth would be conducted using various methods including compacted volume,
bank measurement volume as well as loose measuring technique.
2 Li and others "A critical review of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications in construction
safety." Automation in Construction 86 (2018): 150-162