Earthwork, Equipment and Techniques in Civil Engineering

18 : Civil Engineering
Technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Earthwork, Equipment and Techniques in Civil Engineering.....................................................3
Methods and Techniques used for Creating Complex Foundation, Piling work and Drainage
System..........................................................................................................................................4
Methods and Techniques used in Culvert Construction, Underpass Construction and Provision
for Utilities...................................................................................................................................5
Risks, Hazards and safety Arrangement for working in Excavation, Working in Confined
Spaces, working on structures and Temporary working on Highways.......................................6
Site Safety Plan and Risk Assessment for Civil Engineering Project.........................................7
Environmental, Quality, Geotechnical and Economical Problems in Civil Engineering project8
Solutions for Civil Engineering Project.......................................................................................9
Methods of Highway Design.......................................................................................................9
Civil Engineering Design Proposal for New Infrastructure......................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Civil engineering is considered as professional engineering discipline that deals with designing,
construction of infrastructure, maintainable of buildings and natural environment. This also
includes public works like road, bridges, canals, airports, dams, pipelines, sewerage system
structural parts of buildings and other transportation facilities. This report will be explaining
various aspects of civil engineering project in London United Kingdom. Various kind of earth
work, activities, equipment and techniques that are used for the earthwork. Various methods,
techniques for creating complex foundations also will be explained in the report. Different
methods and techniques which are used in the culvert construction, underpass construction and
provision for utility (Barrias, Casas and Villalba, 2016). There are different risks, hazards and
safety arrangements for excavation, working on structures, working in confine spaces and work
temporarily on highways will be considered in the study. Site safety plan will be created in report
which is consists of safety plan, risk assessment, and method statement for particular civil
engineering activity. Various solutions will be provided for various problems of civil engineering
project. Methods and techniques used in the Highway design. Civil engineering design proposal
for new infrastructure project.
Earthwork, Equipment and Techniques in Civil Engineering
Earthwork
Earthwork is the process that involves, excavate, transported and complicate the surface of
earth at another location. There are different elements of earthwork that is performed in the civil
engineering project. These main elements of earthworks are- Excavation, Transportation,
unloading and compaction.
Excavation
Excavation can be explained as process of digging or process of removing some objects
from construction site. Mostly this process mainly used in the civil engineering to remove
obstacles from construction site. By this process construction process can be effectively started
on the construction site.
Transportation
This is also considered as branch of civil engineering that includes planning, Designing,
Operation and Maintenance of efficient and safe transportation system. This process mostly
includes high expensive and large projects. This is important to maintain effective movement of
people and goods.
Unloading

This is one of the most process that is used in the construction site and civil engineering
project. It can be considered as removal of goods and material from vehicle, ship and containers.
This is how construction company will be able to make all materials available at the time of
needs.
Compaction
Compaction can be considered as application of mechanical energy to soil as to rearrange
its particle reduce void ratios. This important to improve the soil condition to improve the quality
of construction.
Equipment used in Civil Engineering
There are different equipment are used in the construction process at a construction
process. This equipment can be categorised in small, medium and large equipment (Triantafillou,
2016). Some of the main equipment are- Excavators, backhoe, dragline, Bulldozers, Graders,
Wheel Tractor Scraper, Trenches, loaders. This are most common equipment used at civil
construction site.
Techniques Used on Construction Site
There are different processes and methods are used by the construction companies for
effective construction of buildings and infrastructures (Houghtalen, Osman and Hwang, 2016).
This techniques that are used in the construction process. Some of the main techniques in
construction process are- 3D Volumetric construction, Precast Flat Panel Modules, Tunnel
formwork system, flat slabbing technology and precast foundations techniques. This techniques
are most common in civil construction sites.
Methods and Techniques used for Creating Complex Foundation, Piling work and Drainage
System
In the construction process various methods and techniques are used by the engineers for
creating foundations, Piling system and Drainage system. This technologies and methods are
used in construction process of infrastructures.
Foundation
There are various methods are used at the construction of designing complex foundations
on the infrastructure development. These processes and techniques are used by the organization
to improve the strength of building (Yan, Kasal and Huang, 2016). Some of most common
processes that are used in building foundation designing are- Under Pining Technique which is
consists of Mass pour, Screw piles and brackets, pile and beam and Piled raft. Other processes
that are used in the construction processes are Jacking of Foundations, Mudjacking and house