The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on the Global Market in Developing Countries

Climate Change and it Changing the Phase of the Global Market during
Covid 19 in Developing Countries
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic disturbed all aspects of social life, economy and energy, with
significant challenges in every area, from the availability of medical equipment to the breakdown
of economic activity and the collapse of the price of oil. This is a global crisis unlike any other
modern society ever faced. The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the most critical global
health tragedy of the century and the greatest challenge that the humankind faced since the 2nd
World War. The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Climate Change has caused a disastrous
turmoil on a global scale resulting in the slowdown of the global economy due to the repeated
lock-down measures. However, the pandemic has also impacted the climate in a positive way
due to the significant reduction of human activity whether transport or industrial output. Since
transport, a key source of GHG emissions, fell to a unprecedent levels over this period, the
emissions were reduced significantly. The air pollution in all major cities significantly reduced
over the lockdown periods, an unintended result of the pandemic. The coronavirus outbreak is
severely disrupting the global economy. Pandemics in general are not merely serious public
health concern, rather these trigger disastrous socio-economic and political crises in the infected
countries. COVID-19, apart from becoming the greatest threat to global public health of the
century, is being considered as an indicator of inequity and deficiency of social advancement.
Introduction:
In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province,
China and was named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19. As is implied in the
name COVID-19, ‘CO’ stands for ‘corona,’ ‘VI’ for ‘virus,’ and ‘D' for disease, and 19
represents the year of its occurrence. It has rapidly spread around the world, posing vast health,
economic, environmental and social challenges to the entire human population. Almost all the
nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of the disease by testing & treating patients,
quarantining suspected persons through contact tracing, restricting large gatherings, maintaining
complete or partial lockdown etc. In addition, other global environmental changes such as soil
degradation, ozone layer depletion, pollution, and urbanization, changing environment creates an
indisputable threat to our planet and human health. Global warming has its roots in industrial
development, with the huge release of CO2 during the industrial revolution and beyond, finally
allowing the greenhouse effect to take place. To some extent COVID-19 outbreak may be
considered as an indirect consequence of global environmental changes. Besides its upsetting
effects on human life, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has the potential to
significantly slowdown the economy not only of China, USA, or India but also of the world as a
whole. Therefore, healthcare personnel, governments and the public in general need to show
solidarity and fight shoulder to shoulder for prevention and containment of the pandemic.

Climate Change during COVID 19:
Although both COVID-19 and climate change impact agriculture and food systems, the nature
and processes by which they do so vary. While impacts of COVID-19 is sudden, spreads fast and
causes immediate high risks, the impacts of climate change builds slowly over a certain period
and has long-term term impacts. However, climate change has a positive effect on air pollution.
Because of COVID-19 lockdown and restriction of movement air pollution has reduced
considerably globally. Because of Covid-19 the use of disposable medical supplies (such as hand
gloves, and surgical masks etc.) have increased considerably. For instance, in Wuhan, China, the
medical wastes had increased by 40–240 tons in a day during the peak of Covid-19 This waste
has increased environmental risks including contamination of water, land and air, which
indirectly may affect public health and food and agriculture.
Improvements in air quality:
Due to the COVID-19-induced lockdown, industrial activities have dropped, causing significant
reductions in air pollution from exhaust fumes from cars, power plants and other sources of fuel
combustion emissions in most cities across the globe, allowing for improved air quality.
Reduction in environmental noise:
The impact of noise has long been underestimated, and although more premature deaths are
associated with air pollution in comparison to noise, however noise constitutes a bigger impact
on indicators of the quality of life and mental health. The reduction in air pollutants is a massive
reduction in environmental noise. Environmental noise, and in particular road traffic noise, has
been reduce. A recent study on the aftereffect of COVID-19 pandemic on exercise rates across

the globe concluded that reduced traffic congestions and by extension reduced noise and
pollution has increased the rate at which people exercise as they leveraged the ensued pleasant
atmosphere.
Record low CO2 emissions:
Unprecedented reduction in global CO2 emissions is another positive effect that can be attributed
to the COVID-19 pandemic. The massive fall in energy demand induced by COVID-19
accounted for the dramatic decline in global GHG emissions. The global CO2 emissions are
projected to decline by ~8% (2.6 GCO2) to the levels of the last decade. If achieved, this 8%
emissions reduction will result in the most substantial reduction ever recorded as it is expected to
be six times larger than the milestone recorded during the 2009 financial crisis.
COVID 19 and Economy:
Loss of lives due to any pandemic causes definite irretrievable damage to the society. But apart
from this, COVID-19 has severely demobilized the global economy. In order to restrict further
transmission of the disease in the community, many of the affected countries have decided to
undergo complete lock down. Major international flights and also all types of business transports
have been deferred amid different countries. Due to lockdown all domestic flights, railway
service (except goods trains), bus, truck, and vehicles transports are suspended with special
exemption to those associated with essential commodities. In almost all the COVID-19 stricken
countries, entire educational, commercial, sports and spiritual institutions are closed. Industries
are suffering a lot as many of these excepting those related to essential amenities, are closed for a
long time in many countries. People belonging to the tourism and transportation industry are also
facing utmost difficulties. Production level has gone very low. Economy of many so-called
powerful countries are now facing the threat of high inflation and increasing unemployment as a
result of lack of productivity and excessive expenditure for the treatment and rehabilitation of the
COVID-19 victims and their families. According to World Trade Organization and Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development have indicated COVID-19 pandemic as the largest
threat to global economy since the financial emergency of 2008–2009. So, COVID-19 has
undoubtedly put forth a remarkably bad effect on the day-to-day life of the entire human society
and also on the world economy.