Computer Information System

Computer Information System
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Contents
Computer Information System....................................................................................................................1
Question 1...................................................................................................................................................2
Question 2...................................................................................................................................................3
Question 3...................................................................................................................................................5
Question 4...................................................................................................................................................7
Question 5...................................................................................................................................................8
Question 6...................................................................................................................................................9
Question 7.................................................................................................................................................10
References.................................................................................................................................................13
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Question 1.
There are nodes in any network, every node has Media Access Control address which is also
known as the hardware address and an IP address which is also called as Network address. These
addresses are stored in IP stack of that node.
1. MAC address
It is a 48 bit address which is basically runs in the Read Only Memory of the Network
Interface Card. The format of these address is,
MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS
MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS
Here, the starting 3 bytes are defined as the vendor numbers and the last 3 bytes are the NIC
serial numbers.
2. IP address
IP addresses are usually 32 bit long or 128 bit long. The Internet Protocol addresses are
unique and are called as local host which is usually reserved for each and every computer
internally.
They are defined according to the geographic location of a machine.
A network works with a combination of Media Access Control address and Internet Protocol
address. The local networks are based on MAC address and Internet Protocol address works on
the top levels of the Open System Interconnection model. Basically, an IP packet endures within
an Ethernet packet (Microsoft, 2017).
As Ethernet packet only holds up to 1500 bytes. With a combination of IP packet, the size of an
Ethernet frame can hold up to 1514 bytes.
There are several devices which are used to filter the traffic of the network and are known as
connecting devices. These devices use both physical addresses as well as logical addresses.
These devices are also responsible for connectivity between different types of networks and for
providing hierarchical addressing (Anttalainen, 2015). Some of these devices are,
1. Bridge
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A bridge is responsible for forwarding the data on a network based on the physical address. They
function at the Network Layer in the Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol heap.
2. Hub
In a hub, the network cables are connected to make up a network segment. These devices do
not filter up the data, but they transfer the data packets to different frames of a network.
These days each computer is connected to a hub with the help of a single line. Hence, adding
a host to any network gets easy.
3. Switch
Switch works particularly on the address and is responsible for forwarding the data frames to
the correct ports. On a switch, again the computer is connected through a single line.
4. Router
The main functionality of a router is to filter the data and then forward it on the basis of
logical address or the IP address. They make the network effective and efficient and controls
the traffic on the network (Schneidewind, 2016).
Question 2.
There are two types of network topologies i.e. physical topology and logical topology.
Physical topology depicts the way a network is expend physically. The way devices are
connected by wires or any media. The links in together form a topology. On the other hand,
logical topology represents the way in which the data is taken care of in a network. It also
indicates the way hosts access the physical topology to send data or the flow of data in a
network (Broadhurst, 2017).
The different types of logical topology are:
1. Bus topology
2. Ring topology
The different types of physical topology are:
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