A Study on Rough Respiratory Tract Disease
Added on 2021-04-21
8 Pages3255 Words197 Views
Disease and DisordersBiology
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Running head: CORONA VIRUS RESPIRATORY INFECTION CORONA VIRUS RESPIRATORY INFECTIONName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor note
CORONA VIRUS RESPIRATORY INFECTION1Significance of the studyAccording to the data of World Health Organization (2018), more than 3 million peoplelose their life due to respiratory tract diseases worldwide. there are numerous kind of virus andbacteria has been identified that causes disease related to lower and upper respiratory tract suchas respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus, that are estimated to causemore than 80 percent of the deaths due to respiratory tract infections (WHO). However, recentlyin the western region of the United States of America, respiratory disease resulting in pneumoniaand lymph-proliferation has become prevalent and according to some primary researches, theinfection is caused by an unknown Coronavirus, that affects wild rodents found in deserts andinfects their epithelial cells and T-Lymphocytes (Lysholm). The primary aim of this assignmentis to understand the nature of the pathogen and characterize it further determine the structuralcomponent that will be beneficial in production of a specific vaccine. Innovation (Literature review) After detection of the virus, the prime research question is about the structural componentwhich is useful in the production of vaccine against corona virus. This is important as creatingvaccine that has low response against the target virus cannot reduce the occurrence of disease. Ina research article by Weaver et al. (pp. 1087-1097), the research was conducted to understandand characterize the topology of Chikungunya virus and develop vaccine against it. Further theresearcher determined the potential markers in the chikungunya virus and decided that the outermembrane will be useful for the vaccine preparation as the outer membrane protein has theability to increase the immune response after injection that can help to generate a load ofantibodies in the blood serum of immune people. However, the another researchers Haynes et al.(pp. 422-423), were failed to immune people against HIV, using the HIV envelop vaccine 1,which was prepared by creating monoclonal antibodies that is envelop specific virus against theHIV-1 infection. However, maximum of the researchers such as Liang, Zhao et al. has identifiedvirus envelop vaccines for the vaccine preparation as it eliminates the re-occurrence of infectionas well as helps to generate higher antibody pool within the human body to make it immuneagainst the virus (Song, Daesub and Bongkyun, pp. 167-170). Plan of the study The two primary aims that will be investigated during the study areIdentification of the virus that is infecting humans in western region of USA andraise specific antibodies against that. Conduct literature review to finalize the structural component pf virus that will beutilized in vaccine preparation. Hypothesis The test hypothesis will be creating vaccine using viral envelop antigen so that safevaccine can be produced. H1: the viral envelop will help to create vaccine against corona virus
CORONA VIRUS RESPIRATORY INFECTION2H0: the viral envelop used vaccine will not be able to stop the disease from spreading. The testable prediction of the process will be either generation of an effective and usefulvaccine against the coronavirus or an ineffective virus that is unable to increase the antibodyloads within the body. Importance of the vaccine The Coronavirus is known to infect canine and wild rodents and affecting their t-lymphocytes and epithelial cells, however, the recent incident of western region of USA and theoutbreak of human coronavirus made the preparation of vaccine important. Despite of theemerged problem, no FDA approved drug or vaccination is present against this viral disorder(Momattin et al., pp. 792-798). However, according to the Governmental website of center fordisease control and prevention, there are two kind of human corona virus that are known to infecthumans such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus or (MERS-CoV) and theSARS-CoV. The MERS-CoV has been reported in only two patients in the USA. This factimplements that in near future there is a possibility of outbreak of MERS-CoV in USA.Therefore the vaccine preparation is important (Lu et al., pp. 468-478). Coronavirus characterization The virus causing respiratory infection in humans are known as the human corona virusand for the detection of the virus, several molecular biology techniques can be used such asmonoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, immunoprecipitation based techniques, solid phaseantibody assay, flow cytometer and direct viral detection methods. For the detection of this virus,the monoclonal and polyclonal antibody will be used (Lysholm et al., pp. ). Approach Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodyThe polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are produced in live lab animals or in tissuecultures. A lab animal will be infected with the coronavirus repeatedly. Further for the polyclonalantibody, the activated B cells will produce B plasma cells and memory B cells (Wine et al., pp.2993-2995). The later will possess polyclonal antibodies and after the collection of antiserumfrom the animal will help to attain polyclonal antibody. However, for the monoclonal or morespecific detection, the spleen cells will be collected from the animal and after combining it withimmortal myeloma cells and proliferation, specific antibody against the desired structure of thevirus can be produced (Qiu et al., pp. 1-10). It should be mentioned here that for the vaccinedevelopment, the viral outer membrane will be targeted as heat denatured or deactivated RNAvaccines has the tendency to revert to its virulent nature within the human body (Wine et al., pp.2995-2998). Furthermore, after the completion of the production of monoclonal and polyclonalantibody, the specific antibodies will be run under ELISA so that detection of the desiredstructural component against which the vaccine will be created can be achieved (Qiu et al., pp.10-13).ImmunoprecipitationIt is an important technique which helps to identify and differentiate a specific proteinfrom the pool of different type of foreign proteins. Many researchers has conducted
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