Evaluation and Crime Prevention: Crime Prevention Program in the United States

This report discusses evaluation and prevention of crime, the existence of crime in the physical environment, methods of neighborhood crime prevention, and summarizations. It also includes evaluating types, theories, and measurements, ways of preventing crime through environmental designs, impacts of those physical designs, evaluating different programs for support and participation of the citizen within.

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CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAM
UNITED STATES
[DATE]
[Company name]
[Company address]

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Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................2
Evaluation And Crime Prevention...............................................................................................2
Types of evaluation....................................................................................................................2
Physical Environment and Crime................................................................................................3
Neighborhood Crime Prevention.................................................................................................4
Evaluation and impact of program and need of participations and support of citizens.....5
Conclusion......................................................................................................................................5
References.......................................................................................................................................6

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Introduction
In this report the discussion will be made on evaluation and prevention of crime, the
existence of crime in the physical environment as well as the methods of neighborhood crime
prevention and summarizations. While discussing the above topic, the following points will also
be included under the head i.e. evaluating types its theories and measurements, ways of
preventing crime through the environmental designs, impacts of those physical designs,
evaluating different programs for support and participation of the citizen within.
Evaluation and Crime Prevention
Evaluation is considered as that process which systematically collect, analyzed and
interprets the data and the information which could determine the level of achievements of the
people. It could also be considered as the way in which one judges the value or amount of
something by using the standard methods for collecting the evidences (Cozens, 2015).
Types of evaluation
Formative evaluation-used to make improvements in the early stages of the programs and
also helps to refine or improve them. It is basically used in starting up a new program and assist
its developments in the early phases.
Summative evaluation-helps in providing info regarding the effectiveness of the program
and is mainly conducted after designing of the program is complete. It is a process which is
basically used to decide whether the program is to be continue, ended or expanded (Davidson,
2019).

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Process evaluation-implementing the program and seeing whether they are working
properly or not is its main focus area.it is used to determine the reasons behind the changes in the
established policies, address the insufficiencies in the delivery of program etc.
Outcome evaluation- basically focuses on making the changes in the attitude, behavior as
well as the practice which could result in the activities of the program and could have both short
as well as long term outcomes. It is basically used to decide the effects of these activities on its
participants and to establish and measure its benefits (Drawve, 2016).
Theories and measurements of evaluation includes utilized focused theory of evaluation
which determines that judgment of evaluation must be actually done upon its annual use and
utility. Value- engaged theory of evaluation. It tends to provide the society the understanding of
the various programs held up for reducing criminal acts in the society. Theory of empowerment
it is considered as an approach which can foster and improve the programs via environment as
well as self-determinations. Theory driven evaluation theory focuses on the changes and casual
mechanism which are underlying the programs (Gibson, 2016).
Physical Environment and Crime
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is considered as the agenda for
building or creating safer neighborhood environments. It was basically originated in America in
around 1960’s, during the time when the urban renewal strategies were seemed to destroy the
social framework which was important for self-policing. It basically relies on the ability to
influence the offender and prevent him from doing criminal acts. It is highly beneficial for
communities, its residents, municipal leadership, enforced law, businesses and planners. It
provides the communities to play essential roles in crime preventing activities, improving a sense
of security in them, reduces the rates of crimes etc. (Sakip, 2018)

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The physical (built) environment is considered as important factor which contributes in
determining whether a crime is about to occur or not in a particular area. Thus changing the
physical environment in a specific way can have a tremendous impact and can help in creating
such challenges which could reduce the occurrence of criminal and violating incidence in a
particular area. Thus in short CPTED can be called as the most widely used, recognized and
practiced approach towards preventing crime (Sohn, 2016).
CPTED is that multidisciplinary approach which is used to deter the criminal behavior
throughout the designs of the environment and its strategies are mostly relying upon those
abilities which could influence the offender and its decision that could lead to criminal acts by
building an effective, socially well established and administrative environments (Sohn, 2016).
Neighborhood Crime Prevention
To meet the neighbors and making the community a safer place to live within can only be
attained through taking part in the programs held up for crime prevention in the community. The
participations of the organized citizens in preventing the crime starts with opening the office of
Community Crime Prevention. This is the place where the people can meet and interact with
each other and also call the police at the time when needed for addressing the local concerns. The
entire staffs and the volunteers of this office would be engaged in promoting the program
relating to the prevention of crime, collects the data of all the local people facing problems,
shares all the needed information with the community relating to the conduct, workshops, locally
organized programs etc. (Suglia, 2016)
The offices working for the prevention of the crime are considered as the essential part of
neighbor or the community based policies. The police are determined as the premise behind this
strategy, who are to take decisions or respond to the occurring incidents in the community at

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large. Any policy or the strategy made by the neighbors for making the community crime free
can only be effective if effective and more awareness is made amongst the people regarding its
needs and importance. (policydevelopment, 2018)
Evaluation and impact of program and need of participations
and support of citizens
Crime prevention is evaluated by the methodological probity, which was used to aspire
and attain the working adequacies or set up certain level of standards for the groups. The
programs held up for the prevention of crime had a very tremendous effect on improving the
conditions of the communities as well as the neighbors. People living within the societies feel
they secures and protected from all the external forces which can harm or endanger their lives or
property. But all these programs cannot attain success unless 100% participation or the support
of the citizens are included within. If people won’t give up their best then the officers also alone
cannot tackle all the situations all at once (Sakip, 2018).
Conclusion
Hence to conclude the above it can be very well stated that a community can be
prevented from the crimes only if the officials or the volunteers are supported fully or with the
100% participations of the citizens living within. Crime prevention program can help in making
a community a safer place for the normal people to live within, peacefully and secured.

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References
Cozens, P. &. (2015). A review and current status of crime prevention through environmental
design (CPTED). Journal of Planning Literature,, 30(4), 393-412.
Davidson, R. N. (2019). Crime and environment. . London: Routledge.
Drawve, G. T. (2016). Bringing the physical environment back into neighborhood research: The
utility of RTM for developing an aggregate neighborhood risk of crime measure. Journal
of Criminal Justice,, 44, 21-29.
Gibson, V. &. (2016). CPTED, but not as we know it: Investigating the conflict of frameworks
and terminology in crime prevention through environmental design. Security Journal,
29(2), 256-275.
Malvaso, C. G. (2018). The maltreatment-violence link: Exploring the role of maltreatment
experiences and other individual and social risk factors among young people who offend.
Journal of Criminal Justice,, 55, 35-45.
policydevelopment. (2018). More Information on the Benefits and Types of Evaluation.
Retrieved from Policy NL:
https://www.policynl.ca/policydevelopment/pages/information-on-benefits-types-
evaluation.html
Sakip, S. R. (2018). Fear of crime in residential areas. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour
Studies,, 3(7), 81-89.
Sohn, D. W. (2016). Residential crimes and neighbourhood built environment: Assessing the
effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). ,. Cities, 52,
86-93.

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Suglia, S. F. (2016). Why the neighborhood social environment is critical in obesity prevention.
Journal of Urban Health, 93(1), 206-212.