Critical Review: Sugary Drink Consumption and Dental Caries in New South Wales Teenagers

This critical review examines the relationship between sugary drink consumption and dental caries in New South Wales teenagers. The paper analyzes the impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on dental health and highlights the need for awareness and prevention strategies. The study uses a questionnaire survey to gather consumer opinions and discusses the factors contributing to dental caries in teenagers. The research findings emphasize the importance of reducing sugar intake to prevent dental caries in this population.

Critical review

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Critical review
Sugary drink consumption and dental caries in New SouthWales teenagers
This paper was written by the Skinner, Byun, Blinkhorn, and Johnson in the year
2015. This research study is completely based on the dental carries in New South Wales
teenagers. The key objective of this investigation is to evaluate and analyse dental caries
problem in New South Wales (Skinner, Byun, Blinkhorn, & Johnson, 2015). According to
this journal paper, sugar-sweetened beverages contain non-alcoholic water-based items
with a large amount of sugar, for example, energy drinks, fruit drinks, cordial and so on.
It is observed that in the US the use of soft beverage has enhanced melodramatically in
the previous 2 years and this rate similarly increased in Australia.
This paper focuses on the use of honey items and dental caries in New South and
conducted a survey through a questionnaire in order to collect views of consumers. The
researcher provided their opinions on the ingestion of milk, aquatic and other soft
beverages and discussed their relationships with the caries knowledge of teenagers in
New South Wales (Falbe, et al., 2016). In this research study, the researcher highlighted
the dental caries health issue and identified that a high level of sugar-sweetened
beverages can cause dental caries due to a large amount of sugar.
There are few sections and frameworks involved by the researcher during the
investigation, for example, introduction, materials and methods, results, and discussion.
It is analysed that the use of sugar is growing rapidly and many teenagers are facing
dental caries and other health related issues (Colchero, Popkin, Rivera, & Ng, 2016). For
understanding the impact of a high level of sugar on human body researcher conducted
this study and selected this issue for managing health related issues in New South Wales
and Australia.
From a recent investigation conducted by the physical activity survey around
47% of consumers aged between 2 and 16 years consumed SSBs and 2.5% individuals
consumed soft drinks (Malik, & Hu, 2015). The research question of this paper is how
sugary drink affects the body of human and how it increases the issue of dental caries in
New South Wales teenagers. Moreover, the investigator discussed the fundamental
concept of dental caries and provided in-depth analysis of the research question.

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However, the use of sugar and other sweetened beverages increase the issue of dental
caries in individuals.
Obesity is one of the other health issues which is highlighted by the researcher in
this paper and estimated that Australia is also suffering from these health issues (Singh,
et al., 2015). According to the author, the acids formed by the SSB can be counteracted
by saliva stream. Furthermore, the researcher also determined the relationship
between dental caries and SGC levels with a sample of 14 to 15 year old consumers.
The hypothesis of this paper is that those people with large SGC will have large
ranks of dental caries. There are few key factors that also increase the problem of dental
caries in New South Wales teenagers for example mother’s teaching rate, oral health
admission, and many more (Roberto, Wong, Musicus, & Hammond, 2016). In this paper,
researcher used questionnaire process as a research strategy and collected the opinions
of other consumers. Moreover, the researcher also added a 17-item questionnaire
related to oral behaviours. In order to compare facts with additional reviews, a new
mutable was developed for mother's largest instruction level.
In order to analyse collected data and facts, the researchers used SAS 9.2 tool
and adopted both qualitative and quantitative techniques for gathering information
about dental caries. In order to improve the effectiveness of the paper, the author
conducted a survey and the data collected from questionnaire was associated with the
clinical data. However, the author also utilized tabulate and survey methods in order to
create irritated tabularizations and evaluate around 95 percentage sureness
intermissions. The ethical issues related to the dental caries were decided by the New
South individuals and fitness facilities associations (Bray, & Popkin, 2014).
There are few other research methods also used by the investigator, for example,
content analysis, primary method, secondary research approach and literature review.
The theoretical information about the research topic is collected from different
resources, for example, previous studies, journal articles, online websites, books and
other offline sources. The primary method focused on the facts and data about dental
caries and helped the researcher for achieving the aims and objectives of this paper.
With the help of this paper, the students can enhance their skills and knowledge in the
field of dental caries. The key strength of this article is that the investigator delivered in-

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depth examination of dental caries and identified the key factors that increase the issue
of dental caries in New South Wales teenagers.
However, there are few other strengths of this paper, for example, reduced the
research gaps of previous research, analysed results and outcomes of the recent studies
and involved various research methods for improving the effectiveness of the paper and
conducted a survey through a questionnaire for collecting viewpoints of consumers.
There are several drawbacks of this research due to which readers faced a research gap
between information and research topic such as, lack of knowledge, fewer data about
dental caries patients in New South Wales, did not explain impact of dental caries on
human body system and did not discuss strategies for reducing problem of the dental
caries.
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that the high level of sugar
increases the rate of dental caries in adults and teenagers. From the survey it is
observed that around 46% of youths adopted one or more water glasses where ladies
consumer more water rather than males (Sheiham, & James, 2015). This paper
explained the influence of sugar sweet drink on the human body system and evaluated
the problem of dental caries with relevant facts. In future research, the author will
reduce the drawbacks of this study and will implement several strategies in order to
reduce the issue of dental caries in New South Wales teenagers.
Informed decision making and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate
cancer: A randomised controlled trial exploring the impact of a brief patient
decision aid on men’s knowledge, attitudes and intention to be tested
This journal article was written by Eila Watson, Paul Hewitson and many other
authors in the year 2006. This research paper is completely based on the PSA testing
from the issue of prostate cancer (Welch, et al., 2006). The purpose of this investigation
is to evaluate the influence of the patient choice aid on consumer’s awareness and
discus a PSA test. According to the researcher, prostate cancer is the main cause of
morbidity and mortality in an individual which is growing rapidly in the United
Kingdom. For reducing such kind of problem the author highlighted a process that is
PSA screening test that has the potential for identification of key factors and provides
better treatment to the patient.

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It is observed that the UK designed and implement several polices for reducing
the issue of prostate cancer and current policy is that any person can have a PSA test in
order to reduce the problem of prostate cancer. In this paper, researcher highlighted
and addressed prostate cancer issue and provided enough information about the PSA
screening test. From this paper, it is observed that prostate cancer is one of the common
health issues and it is very important to identify an appropriate approach for
addressing such kind of problem (Jemal, et a., 2015). The researcher conducted this
research for evaluating PSA testing in order to maintain the issue of prostate disorder.
In this paper, the investigator also conducted a survey through a questionnaire in order
to gain opinions of the other experts.
According to the author, a person who got a decision aid was less likely to have a
prostate specific antigen test. It is analysed that having a positive attitude towards the
screening process as the major significant predictor of test uptake (Perera, et al., 2016).
The patient decision aids deliver consumers with particular information about health
care decisions and it also helps them for making a specific choice regarding a health
issue. The researcher also evaluated that PDA provides a platform in order to control
and manage the issue of prostate cancer and it also helps for identifying an appropriate
process to handle prostate cancer (Perera, et al., 2016).
In this paper results and outcomes were assessed with the help of self-completed
postal questionnaire (Perera, et al., 2016). Moreover, the investigator a UK-specific
process is used in order to analyse and evaluate prostate cancer and implement the PSA
screening test. Moreover, the researcher also involves 12 items related to major six
domains such as efficiency of the PSA test, the accuracy of the PSA test, epidemiology of
prostate cancer, controversies about PSA process, the prostate biopsy, and the
effectiveness of treatment for reducing the rate of prostate cancer.
The author approaches the prostate cancer issue because for improving many
consumers face such kind of issue and the researcher also used PDA theory and PSA test
process health of individuals. The research question of this paper is describing the
fundamental concept of knowledgeable decision making and PSA testing for reducing
the issue of prostate cancer (Arnsrud, Holmberg, Lilja, Stranne, & Hugosson, 2015). The
researcher critically reviewed this question and gathered relevant information from

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other studies and journal articles. In which researcher used several research strategies
for improving the effectiveness of the paper such as survey through questionnaires,
data analysis approach, Microsoft document for generation of questions and so on.
Moreover, the researcher also maintained the research gap between the facts
and research topic by providing enough information about PSA testing. In order to
achieve aims and objectives of the investigation, the researcher involved various kinds
of researcher methodologies such as qualitative, quantitative, data collection method,
content analysis method, research approach and so on. However, the researcher
adopted a mixed research design for obtaining the appropriate outcomes. The mixed
method involved both qualitative and quantitative research design.
It is observed that qualitative focused on the theoretical information and
quantitative focused on the data or statistics about the research topic. The primary data
is collected through questionnaire and secondary data is collected from journal papers,
studies and other online sources. It is identified that researcher used a content analysis
approach in their investigation because content analysis method provides a platform to
reduce the gap between the information and research question. With the help of all
these methods and strategies the author improved the effectiveness of the paper and
gained better conclusion at the end of the investigation.
There are many advantages of this paper such as the author provided in-depth
analysis about the PSA testing, used numbers of research methods for maintaining
research gaps, reduced drawbacks of previous studies, analysed results and outcomes
of the other journal papers and collected opinions of other participants by using
questionnaire (Drazer, Huo, & Eggener, 2015). After analysing this paper it is identified
that there are several drawbacks of this journal study, for example, did not explain the
significance of PSA testing, provided fewer data about the prostate cancer, did not
involve cause and risks factors of prostate cancer and did not provide any information
about the limitations of PSA testing.
This research paper has indicated that a pDA could dramatically enhance United
Kingdom gentlemen’s experience of the advantages and dangers of the PSA. From the
above discussion, it has been concluded that person who utilizes the short-term pDA are
likely to be lesser optimistic for the PSA screening process and it may not affect testing

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intentions. This journal paper explained the concept and process of PSA examination
and briefly described the problem of prostate cancer.

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References
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testing versus organized prostate-specific antigen screening: outcome after 18
years in the Göteborg randomized population-based prostate cancer screening
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Bray, G. A., & Popkin, B. M. (2014). Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a
crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes?: health be damned! Pour on the
sugar. Diabetes care, 37(4), 950-956.
Colchero, M. A., Popkin, B. M., Rivera, J. A., & Ng, S. W. (2016). Beverage purchases from
stores in Mexico under the excise tax on sugar sweetened beverages:
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