CSR and Management Theories

This document explores the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its impact on business sustainability. It discusses various examples of strategies for sustainability and provides recommendations for the development of sustainable strategies. The document also examines different approaches to CSR by micro, SME, and corporate businesses.

CSR and management
theories

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Various examples of strategies for sustainability:......................................................................4
Recommendations for development of strategy..........................................................................5
Different approaches to CSR of Micro, SME and Corporate Business...........................................6
Corporate social responsibility ...................................................................................................6
CSR by Micro Businesses...........................................................................................................6
CSR by SME Businesses............................................................................................................7
CSR by Corporate Business........................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
PART 2..........................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
Books and Journals ..................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
For a business to be successful it is important to follow all rules and responsibilities in a
sustainable manner. Sustainability is business means creating positive impact over the
environment and the firms that follow sustainability have good brand image in the market.
Sustainability makes the organisation to reduce the negative impact over economy, society and
also on local community. It is not easy for business to follow sustainability so they develop
strategies that help them to maintain good brand image and earn profits and revenue. Corporate
Social Responsibility is a voluntary process through which business support society and work in
a manner that reduces the harm in the society (Gond and Moser, 2019). It is responsibility of
business to serve the society. In the report there are different examples that shows how business
follow corporate social responsibility and how it is beneficial for the business and society. There
are different approaches through which SME, micro, corporate businesses follow social
responsibility. Also there is reflective essay that is related to employability skills.
MAIN BODY
PART1
Sustainable approach to business strategy
In present time it is discovered that sustainability is an important aspect for business as it
helps to develop brand image in the market. Organisations form various strategies to maintain
their position in the market and to take competitive advantage that will help the organisation to
be successful. As per statistics, around 62% of the employees in an organisation work for
developing sustainable strategies in the business. It is seen and also believed by businesses that
to maintain goodwill in the market it is essential for the organisation to follow sustainability. To
be successful in long run businesses take care of sustainability (Alonso‐Almeida, Perramon and
Bagur‐Femenias, 2017). Sustainable approach to business is combination of environmental,
economic, and social aims that helps to a1609824136478chieve the goals and objectives of the
organisation and gain long term growth of business. It helps in creating a good image of
company in front of stakeholders. Sustainable strategies are made by companies to achieve long
term growth of organisation while keeping in mind the concept of corporate social responsibility
as they have a responsibility towards the business.

Various examples of strategies for sustainability:
There are many organisations that follow the concept of sustainable and are successful.
Some of the examples are mentioned below:
 Nike and Adidas focus on the concept of sustainable development. Nike is reducing the
waste and also reducing the carbon footprints in the environment. Adidas has reduced the
use of plastic and also focusing on greener supply chain.
 Pepsi and Coca Cola are two players that are dealing in beverages. Their main target is to
water stewardship. The motive is to target water replenishment (Font and Lynes, 2018).
 Unilever and Nestle are big players in retail industry and are focusing on taking various
steps to decrease the carbon footprints in the environment. Unilever is using organic
Palm oil that helps in reducing the waste. Nestle is improving their product life cycle that
will help them to minimize the waste and leads to save resources of environment.
 Westpac and ANZ banks provide financial services and help local community. They
provide regular services and retain culture of and process of thew business.
 Novo Nordisk and bio-gen are working towards the ecological measure to reduce the
waste management. The focus is on safety and health of the industry.
 In automobile industry BMW and Toyota are focusing to reduce the pollution that is
caused by vehicles. They planning to start the concept of electronic cars. Also they are
planning to reduce the carbon footprints in environment.
Above mentioned companies show how organizations make strategies related to
sustainable development. There are various approaches that can be used by companies to develop
sustainability like transparency and various other issues. These big organizations are also
motivating the small business to follow sustainability approach (Tolmie, Lehnert and Zhao,
2020).
When companies create approaches for sustainable strategy themselves, there are gaps
that they need to analyses. These gaps are critical as they help to create sustainable approaches.
The complaints competitive advantage gap- There are various companies that follow
sustainable approaches to stay in the competitive market. But there are some businesses that do
not focus on sustainable approaches. It is important for companies to understand the concept and

benefits of following sustainable approach. As the organization that follow sustainability gain
competitive advantage and is able to analyses the issues of the business.
Knowing and doing gap- As pet the studies 90% of the executives are important factor for an
organisation. While planning and making strategies some of the employees arev not included.
Only 25% of employees today maintain report of sustainability in the business. Business should
not treat sustainability as a concept and gain knowledge about it they should follow the concept
and involve all the employees to make them understand the benefits associated with it.
Recommendations for development of strategy
It is important for business to develop sustainable strategies. There are number of ways
and the steps that can be taken by businesses to create effective sustainable strategies for the
business. Below are the actions that can be used by management teams so as to improve the
formulation of strategies of sustainability:
Align strategy and sustainability- First of all the organization should make sure that the efforts
of sustainability are in line with the strategy that is formed by the organization. If there are
differences then it would be difficult for the organization to attain sustainability so organization
should make effort to align the strategy with sustainability. Organization should make sure that
the sustainable efforts are matching with the objectives of organization and strategies to be
formulated. To illustrate Unilever focuses on maximizing the resources and are focusing on
waste management and improve resource efficiency (Nie, Wang and Meng, 2019).
Compliance then competitive advantage- Gaining competitive advantage is important for
growth of business but the business should also focus on making all the compliance that are
important. Compliance in a business includes labor rights, reducing pollution, waste management
etc. Stakeholders also check that the organization is focusing on compliance mechanism before
being part of the organization. That is why it is essential for businesses to comply with the
approaches of sustainability before focusing on competitive advantage.
Reactive to proactive – Organizations to be successful need to focus on sustainability
approaches. If an organization does not follow sustainability there are chances they may face
problems. As in case of Nike, the company was boycotted due to involvement in abusive labor
management in Indonesia. Then to solve all this issue the company published their labor
management policies and made it transparent for the public. Also they improved the working
condition of the factories.

Quantifying business- The companies that are successfully following the sustainability
approaches are unable to calculate the return in quantifiable terms as it s mostly in the form of
gaining competitive advantage over other businesses. The organizations should focus and match
competitive advantage to quantify the sustainability.
Transparency in business- For Success of Organization It is important that all the efforts they
are doing should be transparent means the employees of the organization and people in the
society should be informed clearly about operations and the approaches the company is
following. This will improve the open communication with stakeholders and accomplish all the
goals of the organization.
Different approaches to CSR of Micro, SME and Corporate Business
Corporate social responsibility
Corporate Social responsibility is a management concepts that means the business should
operate in such a way that it contributes to well being of society. It is a voluntary approach that is
followed by business to serve society. Different companies follow different ways like
environmental conservation, dealing with climatic changes, reducing wastage of resources and
other ways that helps to organization to also set a good brand image. The organization also take
care of employees that work with organization and manage diversity of employee. They also
support different voluntary efforts that are done by NGO's as it helps to contribute to society.
The various ways in which different companies follow corporate social responsibilities are as
follows:
CSR by Micro Businesses
Micro business are those businesses that have annual revenue and assets of value less than
$250000 every year. There are 5 employees in these organization and owners are included in
these 5 employees. These businesses also have to fulfill corporate social responsibility. As the
resources that business uses are given by society and it is duty of every business to maintain
sustainability while using the resources of society (Ranängen and Lindman, 2018). To
understand the concept of corporate social responsibility of micro business a study of Proviz
sports is conducted. It is a small business that was founded in 2008 by two brothers Rupert and
Anthony Langly Smith. The business was started in London and they started various range of
cycles and afterwards they opened a warehouse in US to deliver its goods in America and

Canada. At initial times they manufacture only five variants in cycle. They were also supporting
NGOs. The came in partnership with World Bicycle Relief, which is an international NGO and
focused on distribution of bicycle over various countries. The NGO was set up in Chicago and
focus was on providing education, economic development and health care. After the partnership
they started providing bicycle to students and workers that were unable to afford them in Africa.
Also they took help from the customers and asked them if they can don ate 50p when they
purchase a new product. They have donated many bicycles for free of cost to help the needy
once. Due to raising awareness all the business are following corporate social responsibility as
they have understood the concept and know about the benefits that are associated with it.
CSR by SME Businesses
SME refers to small and medium sized enterprises and they also have limit of employees. The
turnover of SME in UK is less than £25m and there are less than 250m employees. The assets of
the organization are not more than £12.5 m. SME also follow corporate social responsibility. The
report will discuss about Basingstoke Skip Hire and Southern Waste Management Ltd. The
company is operating to provide waste management services in domestic as well as commercial
customers and has its operations in England since 1982. The company is saving the environment
from pollutant by waste disposal and waste management. The company has also developed
technology that helps to recycle waste. They are trying to build a balance in environment and
keep the environment clean (Gond and Nyberg, 2017) . The motive of organization is to save
environment and keep it clean and pollutant free. Company is following best practices to manage
the waste and to reduce the pollutants in the environment. The company follows all the strategies
and policies related to waste m,management in an efficient way. They make sure that no
government rules are tampered by the organization and all the activities performed are for
benefit of environment.
CSR by Corporate Business
The big business that are considered as separate legal entities also follow the concept of
corporate social responsibility. There are boards of directors that tak3e decisions related to the
concept. Virgin Atlantic is studies to understand the concept of social responsibility by
corporate business. It is a British Airline that has its head office in Crawley, England. The
company is working since 1984 and is successful in its business operations. The company
regularly checks carbon and fuel emissions and they follow all the guidelines and protocols of

Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standards. They collaborate with various suppliers to
improve the environmental conditions, and ensure welfare of people and animal at destination s
where they provide traveling services. The company has invested $100000 in world’s first
dolphin sanctuary. The company also provides healthy working environment to the employees
that are working for the organization. They have also gained benefit of following corporate
social responsibility and attracted various customers and created goodwill in the market.
These are some of the ways in which different organizations serve society by following
the concept of corporate social responsibility. Small and Micro business take help of NGOs to
and support other bodies to have resources and make profits. Also, SME are using various
innovate methods to make the life of people easier. The businesses operate to provide the
services to customers and raise their living standards. The businesses have contribution towards
the society and they have responsibility to serve the society. The big corporate are able to make
money and earn profit because they follow corporate social responsibility and take acre of
societal needs that help them to create a good image in market. Business care taking measures
and following different practices that help them to become environment friendly and reduce the
wastage of resources (Kong, Antwi‐Adjei and Bawuah, 2020) . The businesses have understood
this concept of corporate social responsibility and they know about the benefits of following the
concept. They are taking care of employees welfare and provide them environment in which they
are able to work comfortably and feel secure. These are the ways in which businesses follow and
practice corporate social responsibility.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that it is important for organisation to follow sustainability no matter
what is the size of organisation. These strategies help the organisation to become successful and
gain competitive advantage. There are gaps that are faces by organisation while they create
sustainable approach. Also the recommendation are also mentioned that helps the organisations
to form strategies. In today's time every business should know the need and benefit of following
corporate social responsibility. Organisations of different sizes follow various ways to fulfil
corporate social responsibility. The companies that follow the concept gets benefit and are able
to serve society that help them create a good brand image in market and also gain competitive
advantage.

PART 2
Employability skills are the skills that are required by an individual at workplace. The
skills help the individual to work effectively and achieve the goals and objectives of the
organisation effectively. It is important for an individual to know about the skills that would help
him to be efficient at workplace. If a person lack these skills the person should focus on
developing the skill. The various employability skills are knowledge about software like
Microsoft word and excel, communication, numeracy and accuracy, problem solving, team work.
Employability skills are the important concept in the organisation because I analysed that it is
very important for the success and growth of the business (Adekoya, Enyi and Akintoye, 2017). I
learned from the brief study that employees should have analytical and statistical skills that
means they should have some numerical ability so that they can analyse the profits and losses
easily. It is very helpful when the organisation want to calculate something in presentation, at
that situation it is very important for the employees that they should have some numerical ability
so that they can perform in the presentation very well with the use of figures. I analysed that
numerical ability in employees not only helpful in business life but also helpful in normal or
daily life. For example, if a person go for purchasing some grocery then it is very necessary that
they should have some basic numerical ability skills so that they can deal very well (Sudirman,
Militina, and Pegan, 2018). I learned that employability skills include numeracy in which
organisation have many situations in which they need numerical ability by the employees such as
in research projects, budget allocations, etc. I analysed that it is very important for the employees
that they should develop their numerical ability so that for small calculations they do no need any
electronic gadgets. It is also analysed from my learnings that if employees has not numerical
skills then it becomes a big failure for them. So that's why in nowadays in some organisations
they provides some training programs that helps to develop their numerical skills. I analysed that
all the skills are important for an employee to work in an organisation. Communication skill is
most important as the person has to communicate with peers, colleagues, so it is important for an
individual to have good communication skill. There are two types of communication skill that is
verbal and non-verbal, so it is important for an employee to speak and also to write in such a way
that it is understandable to the organisations. To create a good image a person should have good
communication skills. The person who communicates in a attractive manner is able to make a
good image in the organisation. According to me the employee should take care of both verbal

and non verbal communication as it will help them to work smoothly in the organisation. I feel
that if a person do not communicate in a manner that is desired than it creates problem for
employee as well as for organisation (Bouchet, Song and Sun, 2020) . I also analysed that a good
knowledge of Microsoft word and excel is essential for an employee as the has to perform
various functions in organisation that are possible if he has proper knowledge of these software.
Most of the work in an organisation is done with help of word and excel so an employee should
have at least basic knowledge as that will make the work easier. Employees should be provided
training about the use of software so that they are able to work on the word and excel and others
that are used by organisation. Team work is a skill that every employee should have as when a
person has to work in an organisation there is always a team with which the person has to work.
An employee should be cooperate and has the ability to coordinate to work effectively in a team.
The main task is to understand the team members and to help the whenever there is requirement.
To accomplish a project which is based on team an employee should have team working skills to
complete that project on time. I analysed that if a person lacks team work skill than there are
chances of conflicts and that may hamper the productivity of the organisation. If the employees
have conflict between them they will not be able to work smoothly and that will impact the
profitability of the organisation. It is not easy for a person to manage team but if the members are
good than it is easier to manage a team. There is requirement in an individual that he works with
full dedication and mange the work in team so as to complete the tasks assigned to them on time.
Problem solving attitude is must into all direction or in any field. I evaluate its significance as per
organisation context (Crowther, 2008). A company are in needs of those employees who could
work in all sectors and into nay circumstances. Business functions and lengthy and sometimes
creates a complex situation within an organisation so that is require proper solution and
guidance to overcome with issues within specific period of time. Problems are the main hurdles
into business success and stop overall growth of the organisation. I personally analyses my
talent to acquire critical knowledge through my experiences and be good leader to solve the
problems which would be beneficial for the organisation growth. Elimination of issues and
complex situation within a limited period of time will be prove in productivity of the
organisation as the required time will be utilise into the essential work and no conflicts would
get raise into the organisation. Due ton wide range of work and management functions, all works
could not get settle simultaneously which require frequently changes and decisions criteria also

into effective manner. This would be a difficult task for me as it bound me with various
responsibilities and leadership task. For which I need to acquire good experience and make
participate in companies decision making, planning, and part of events and meetings which h
show me various aspect of thinking into broader terms. This will enhance my future growth and
career objective to look forward into a reputed organisation. I learnt that to work effectively in an
organisation an employee should have employability skills as that help them to achieve all the
tasks on time and help the company to achieve the goals and targets. An employee to be
successful should have good communication skills and have knowledge about Microsoft word
and excel and other software that are required and used in organisation. Also the employee
should have good mathematical skills and ability to deal with conflicts if they arise in workplace.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adekoya, O.B., Enyi, P.E. and Akintoye, I.R., 2017 , CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES AND REPUTATION OF LISTED FIRMS : A
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING APPROACH.
Alonso‐Almeida, M. D. M., Perramon, J. and Bagur‐Femenias, L., 2017. Leadership styles and
corporate social responsibility management: Analysis from a gender
perspective. Business Ethics: A European Review, 26(2), pp.147-161.
Bouchet, A., Song, X. and Sun, L., 2020. CEO network centrality and corporate social
responsibility. Social Responsibility Journal.
Chung, C.Y., Cho, S.J., Ryu, D. and Ryu, D., 2019. Institutional blockholders and corporate
social responsibility. Asian Business & Management, 18(3), pp.143-186.
Crowther, D., 2008. Corporate social responsibility. Bookboon.
Font, X. and Lynes, J., 2018. Corporate social responsibility in tourism and hospitality.
Gond, J. P. and Moser, C., 2019. The reconciliation of fraternal twins: Integrating the
psychological and sociological approaches to corporate social responsibility. Human
Relations.
Gond, J. P. and Nyberg, D., 2017. Materializing power to recover corporate social
responsibility. Organization Studies, 38(8), pp.1127-1148.
Kong, Y., Antwi‐Adjei, A. and Bawuah, J., 2020. A systematic review of the business case for
corporate social responsibility and firm performance. Corporate Social Responsibility
and Environmental Management, 27(2), pp.444-454.
Nie, P. Y., Wang, C. and Meng, Y., 2019. An analysis of environmental corporate social
responsibility. Managerial and Decision Economics, 40(4), pp.384-393.
Ranängen, H. and Lindman, Å., 2018. Exploring corporate social responsibility practice versus
stakeholder interests in Nordic mining. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, pp.668-677.
Schoier, G. and Pegan, G., 2018, An Analysis On Consumer Perceptions Of Corporate Social
Responsibility And Sustainable Consumption. RIVISTA ITALIANA DI ECONOMIA
DEMOGRAFIA E STATISTICA, p.97.
Sudirman, H.A., Militina, T. and Adhimursandi, D.,2017 Pengaruh Green Marketing dan
Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Brand Image dan Purchase Intention Serta
Purchase Decision (Studi pada The Body Shop di Samarinda). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen
Mulawarman (JIMM), 5(2).
Tolmie, C. R., Lehnert, K. and Zhao, H., 2020. Formal and informal institutional pressures on
corporate social responsibility: A cross‐country analysis. Corporate Social
Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), pp.786-802.