Theories, Principles and Models in Education and Training: Curriculum Development

This presentation discusses the importance of curriculum development in providing high-quality education to children and enhancing their knowledge. It explores different theories and models of curriculum development, including Ralph Tyler's theory, Hilda Taba's theory, and Lawrence Stenhouse's theory. The presentation also covers different curriculum structures, such as linear, spiral, thematic, pyramid, and jigsaw structures, and how they can be applied in a primary school setting. The aim is to provide reception teachers with the tools they need to make better plans for achieving goals and objectives and improve their teaching practice.

THEORIES, PRINCIPLES AND MODELS IN
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (Unit-3)
ID:
Task-4 A - Curriculum

Ground rules
• It is important to make plans for curriculum development so that teachers can improve their performance and
better education can be provided to children.
• There should be no food and drink in the classroom.
• Be kind and polite to others.
• Be respectful for other children and behave properly with other classmates.
• Maintain cleanliness in the classroom.
• Do not throw wrappers here and there.
• No cell phones.

Aims and Objectives
• The aim of curriculum development is to provide high quality teaching experience to children and enhance
their knowledge.
• Objective is to improve educational offerings and instructional activities to children at primary school.
• The objective is to provide enrichment opportunities where learning and teaching can take place.
• This is to increase student engagement in the learning process and helps in improving student achievement.

What is curriculum?
• Curriculum development is a step by step process which is used to create positive improvements in courses
offered by school or university (Moon, 2021).
• There are some ways for curriculum development related to reception teacher area in primary school.
• The report examines, analysis of theories and models of curriculum development related to reception teacher
area in a primary school.
• Different ways in which theories and models of curriculum development can be applied in developing area of
reception teacher in primary school.

Theorists I will be looking at
• There are some theories of curriculum
development which helps in improving
performance of reception teacher and they can
make better plans for providing good
education to children in a primary school.
• It is essential to focus on development of
children so that they can enhance their
knowledge and develop skills which is
beneficial for their future growth.

Ralph Tylers theory
• According to Tyler, there are four principles i.e.,
stating the objectives, selecting learning experiences,
organising learning experiences and evaluating the
curriculum.
• This helps in development as objectives can be set as
per the need of students. Identify educational
experience or learning experience of children, organise
experience and evaluate curriculum.
• This theory can be applied by a reception teacher
because this helps in determining need of children and
make plans accordingly.

Examples
• As per Tyler theory learning should be meaningful to student and community, for designing and organizing
further new learning experiences. Teachers have to evaluate students learning and changes which have to be
done. Reception teacher should focus on children spoken language and teach them diverse new aspects using
systematic synthesis phonics effectively. As working reception teacher there is further extended focus evolved
towards analyzing immediate responses among children, and their functional learning habits of various
activities.
• As Tyler theory implementation, I organized creative video learning session for students which enabled them
to learn new things and grasp new learning among studying goals. It helped students to gain new experience,
respond quickly and also enhance specific functional advanced learning sessions within longer time frame.

Hilda Taba
• Hilda Taba theory of curriculum development
involves seven stages such as, diagnosis of
needs, formulating objectives, selecting
content, organising content, selecting learning
experience, organising learning experience and
evaluation.
• This helps in development of reception teacher
as they can understand how to teach children of
age group three to five years.

Examples
• As per Hilda Taba model of learnin g, it specifies that there has to be definite order worked on in creating
curriculum for students within new learning aspects. The theory also signifies enhanced rise on thinking skills
of students for extended new situations within varied changing situations.
• By taking practical implementation of this theory based on curriculum development, as specific teaching
learning within reception teaching I was able to bring students learn new experiences. By responding to
specific changes within learning sessions, students creative ideologies students were able to gain new
experience productively on extended paradigms for improved learning. I while working as reception teacher,
further I aim to bring on advanced learning sessions towards functional improved efficiency.

Lawrence Stenhouse
• This theory helps in development of reception teacher and teach them how to explain things
to children in a primary school.
• This model includes three element such as, nature of one’s knowledge and methodology,
then take this in the process of learning and focus on process of teaching.
• With the help of this theory improvements can be made in teaching pattern so that children
can understand things easily.

How the theory can be applied in teaching in
your specialist area?
• It is important to apply theories for curriculum development as a reception teacher because it helps in
identifying mistakes.
• Theories help in making better plans so that goals and objectives can be accomplished.
• There are different theories which can be applied like, Ralph Tyler model, Hilda Taba theory, Lawrence
stenhouse theory etc.
• Hilda Taba theory can be applied because it includes seven stages like, diagnosis of needs, formulating
objectives, selecting content, organising content, selecting learning experience, organising learning experience
and evaluation.
• A reception teacher is responsible for evaluating performance of children and identify need of students.

Models of curriculum
• There are some models of
curriculum development which
should be apply by a reception
teacher so that they can learn thigs.
• It is the responsibility of reception
teacher to provide good
environment to students.

•Process model
• Process model of curriculum development as a
reception teacher focuses on active learning,
discussion and individual student response.
• According to this model more activities should
be organised to ensure that children are learning
things or not.
• It is essential to involve children in all the
activities and explain things clearly.

•Product model
• Product model of curriculum development focuses on final results. A reception teacher should make plans for
improving performance of student.
• The purpose of this model is to complete assessment and projects on time and result should be positive.
• With the help of this model teacher find different ways by which they can teach students and achieve goals.
• Teachers should organise quiz and other activities to ensure that students are learning.

Thematic curriculum
• Thematic curriculum is the content which is arranged around themes which is familiar to learners.
• It has five pillars which helps in improving teaching pattern of a reception teacher and better plans can be
made for providing education.
• Five elements involve in thematic curriculum are, use of themes in which children are interested so that they
can learn things easily.
• Use of familiar language because children understand simple words. Thematic curriculum integrates basic
disciplines such as, reading, other skills which is beneficial for growth of students.

CONT…
• Another key element of thematic curriculum is grad level.
• Reception teacher should select appropriate grade level so that it can be identified that children are learning
new things or not.
• At the age of three to five years, children learn things from their surrounding and develop some skills which
is beneficial for them in their future growth.
• Last key element is objectives means teacher should identify goals and objectives which they want to achieve
and make plans accordingly.

Curriculum structures
• Curriculum structure refers to the design for development which provides direction, support activities and
helps in determining performance of students.
• With the help of structure, teachers can make better plans for achieving goals and objectives.
• The structure is made so that work can be done systematically and there will be no confusion.
• It is the responsibility of reception teacher to make structure and work accordingly so that children of age
group three to five years can get proper education.

CONT…
• There are some stages of curriculum development i.e., identify issue or problem, form curriculum
development team, conduct needs assessment and analysis, intended outcomes, select content, design
experiential methods, produce curriculum product and test and revise curriculum.
• These stages of curriculum development can be used by reception teacher so that they can provide better
education to children.

Liner structure
• The linear curriculum structure is used by
reception teacher for models whose steps
proceed in a more or less sequential, straight
line from beginning to end.
• The curriculum structure helps in learning
new things and better plans can be made.
• The curriculum development helps in
improving teaching practice and better
education can be provided to children.

Spiral structure
• This is the another curriculum structure which
can be used by teacher for improving
performance.
• It helps in designing curriculum in which key
concepts are presented repeatedly.
• Spiral curriculum is important for a reception
teacher because it helps in information is
reinforced and student can understand things
in better way.
• The spiral curriculum allows a logical
progression so that students can understand
things easily and simple languages is used.

Thematic structure
• Thematic curriculum means content is arranged properly so that better services can be provided to students.
• It helps learners to understand topic easily and content is arranged around themes.
• Thematic curriculum has five pillars such as, use of themes which develop interest of children and use of
familiar area language.
• It helps learners in learning new things and they can enhance their knowledge.
• This structure can be used by reception teacher to provide good education to children.
• It is essential to take necessary steps by a reception teacher to improve performance of children.

Pyramid structure
• Pyramid curriculum structure
means a comprehensive
framework which helps in
supporting effective learning
environment.
• It is beneficial for reception
teacher to use pyramid curriculum
structure so that better education
can be provided to learners.

Jigsaw structure
Jigsaw curriculum is the original and comprehensive scheme of learning
which helps in personal development and enhance knowledge of student.
It is essential to focus on satisfying needs of children and explain things
in easy way so that children can understand the topic.

STRUCTURE WHICH IS RELEVANT
• Linear structure is relevant because it helps in enhancing knowledge of children.
• As a reception teacher, linear structure is helpful because it includes different stages like,
stating objectives, selecting learning experience, organizing learning experience and
evaluation is done.
• Linear structure helps in improving performance of children and better plans can be made.

Ways in which theories and models of
curriculum development can be applied
• It is important to apply different theories and models of curriculum development by a reception teacher.
• Models and theories helps in making better plans for achieving goals and objectives.
• It provides different ways or ideas which can be applied by teacher for improving curriculum in a primary
school.
• Theories explain things in easy way and it can be applied so that children can enhance their knowledge and
develop skills.
• Models and theories of curriculum development provides direction to teacher for teaching children in primary
school.

CONCLUSION
• From the above discussion it can be concluded that, curriculum development is important so that better plans
can be made and it helps in improving performance.
• Teachers should use different theories and models for improving teaching pattern.
• This helps in providing good education to children and they can learn new things.
• Analysis of theories and models of curriculum development related to teaching area in a primary school.
• Further, different theories like, Ralph Tyler, Hilda Taba and Lawrence stenhouse has been discussed.
• Models of curriculum development such as, process model and product model has been described.
• This help in development related to reception teaching area in a primary school.

REFERNCES
• Adiaha, M. S., and et.al., Implementing contemporary issues through curriculum
development, teaching models and curriculum design for teaching institutes in Nigeria.
• Bhuttah, T. M., and et.al., 2019. Analysis of Curriculum Development Stages from the
Perspective of Tyler, Taba and Wheeler. European Journal of Social Sciences. 58(1). pp.14-22.
• Dewantara, P. M., 2020. Curriculum changes in Indonesia: Teacher constraints and students of
prospective teachers' readiness in the implementation of thematic learning at low grade
primary school. Ilkogretim Online. 19(2).
• Franklin, B. M., 2018. 11. Education For An Urban America Ralph Tyler And The Curriculum
Field. International perspectives in curriculum history, 228.
• Hamilton, D., 2017. Some observations on progressivism and curriculum practice. In Progress
and Inequality in Comprehensive Education (pp. 23-38). Routledge.