Difference between Individual, Organisational Learning and Training & Development

This article explains the difference between individual, organisational learning and training & development. It highlights the importance of these elements in the growth and success of an organisation. The focus is on Sainsbury's, a retail organisation based in the UK.

Developing Individuals,
Teams and Organisations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Determine appropriate and professional knowledge, skills and behaviours that are required by
HR professionals..............................................................................................................................3
P2 Personal skills audit and Personal development plan.................................................................4
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Explain the difference between individual, organisational learning and training& development
.........................................................................................................................................................6
P4 Describe the professional development and continous learning and their importance in
relevance with business...................................................................................................................8
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................9
P5 Explain HPW and in relevance with employee and organisation..............................................9
P6 Examine the importance of performance management and different approaches........................10
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................13
BOOKS&JOURNAL:...................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Training and development is a basic process that is used by organisations for facilitation of
development and growth talking place in an organisation. It is sued for facilitation of development
and growth that is taking place in external environment. It is also very helpful for purpose of
increasing performance of employees so that overall functions of organisation can take place in a
better manner. There are always two types of goals every employee such as their personal goals that
are related to a individual perspective and organisational goals that are helpful in attainment from
organisation point. Personal goals are usually related to career growth etc. All these needs are
fulfilled by training opportunities that have to be provided by the organization. If a organisation is
having a trained workforce then it will be helpful in earning of a competitive advantage for a
organisation. Present report is based on Sainsbury which is a retail organisation that is having its
headquarters present in UK. Present report was based on a study that is conducted to understand key
requirement for a human resource manger and difference between group and individual training.
Further there is discussion of various approaches that are in relation to success of an organisations
success.
Task 1
P1 Determine appropriate and professional knowledge, skills and behaviours that are
required by HR professionals
Human resources are the professionals in every organisation that are having the whole
responsibility to manage staff of an organisation. Major responsibility of this department is to
manage human resources and fulfil overall requirements that are arising in curse of business. It can
also be achieved if proper training is given to employees. HRM is a basic process that is related to
development, acquisition, motivation and maintenance of human resource of a organization.
Sainsbury has to make lot of preparations in terms of their policies that have to be
continuously monitored on timely basis. It is very helpful for a firm in maximisation of profitability
of an organisation. Sainsbury has to make all preparations in their policies on frequent time basis. It
is the responsibility of mangers in a organisation that they have to provide adequate training to their
employees so that their skills can be improved and quality of environment in which all employees
are working(Sherstiuk, 2019).
CPD (Continuous development process) is a basic process that is suited for development
and capacity of employees sop that they can be assisted in performance of job. It is according to

experience of employee’s taht they have attained while working on a particular job position for a
couple of time (Lin, 2020). After that they have been able to gain a experience there is a
requirement that they have to make contribution towards increased responsibility that area assigned
to them by management of a organisation. In present case, in Sainsbury’s it can be said that this is a
organisation that has adopted continuous development process in which there are more
opportunities of development are offered to employees so that they can work on their skill
development process. There are aspects that are in relation with CPD process that is discussed
below :
Communication skill: It is a skill that is used by managers so that they are bale to enhance
their present level of skills. It is used for purpose of HR mangers that has t o be used in Sainsbury’s.
Such skills can be acquired only if adequate training is given to employees so that there are no
chances of conflicts that are present. It can also be used for purpose of establishment of increased
coordination in such departments. It is a very effective approach that can be used for purpose of
continues development of employees. These are the main feature of every manager that they have
good communicating skills.
Leadership and management skills: It is basic requirements that must be present with
every human resource manager in this they are assigned the responsibility of managing whole
workforce of the organisation. It is also a type of basic skill that is required by my manager who has
good leadership skills so that they can posses a positive impact on behaviour of their employees so
that they are able to make a positive contribution towards achievement of their laid objectives.
Every organisation has particular task and objectives that ahs to be achieved in given course of
time. It is also further very helpful in surviving in highly competitive market so that leaders are able
to make maximum contribution. In the external market there all organisation is willing to survive in
the high competition it becomes more necessary for retail organisation like Sainsbury that they have
to increase and maximise their level of contribution towards organisation. (Waddell, 2019).
Behaviour which is essential for HR Professionals
Equally treating behaviour: In every organisation there are many employees who are
working together they are from different backgrounds and of different capabilities. It is duty and
responsibility of Sainsbury’s to make a contribution towards ensuring that they have a highly skilled
and trained workforce. It is responsibility of management to ensure that they are building up a
culture that is supportive enough and helping the organisation in assessing towards some new
projects to be started by the company. (da Silva, 2019).
Ethical behaviour: The manger in Sainsbury’s has the responsibility to make sure that the
behaviour of employee has to be very ethical in every organisation. All this will have a impact on

profitability and increasing productivity of the organisation.
Knowledge which is necessary for HR Professional
Laws and regulations of government: In every organisation they have to deal with
different regulations and laws so that ethical working environment ahs to be maintained in
organisation. Managers have to be very sure about various laws and regulation that can posses a
impact on organisation and help in its ethical working. There are many factors that can have a
negative impact such factors also have to be dealt in the given time period.
Taxation: It is the duty of employee compensation management that they have to make laws
and tax regulations so that there can be a positive impact on increasing profitability and increase the
amount of employee satisfaction (Lee,2019).
P2 Personal skills audit and Personal development plan.
Personal skills: Personal skills have to be evaluated so that a self awareness can be
developed to perform various skills that have to be for performing a job with more perfection. It is
also used for identification of overall strength & weakness of a individual with regards to their
present potential. Such type of audit is also very helpful in making a person understand what some
loose points are and in which areas there is a need to make it stronger. For making it stronger there
will be requirement of some techniques that has to be applied by a person while performing their
job roles. It is very necessary for a manager also to develop a understanding of tactics that has to be
further used for making optimum utilisation of resources. It is applied in case of providing training
to people and helping organisations in achievement of various objectives. There are many
disadvantages also that can arise while achievement of overall objectives that also has to be tackled
by organisation. In case of Sainsbury’s it is used so that information can be obtained about HR
managers and employees about their overall performance level. If it is according to expectations of
organisation then it will lead to a competitive advantage for Sainsbury. Strength & weakness is
mentioned below:
Strength: In present case I am working as a HR professional in Sainsbury and I have been
working on this position as I posses the necessary requirement for this position. The major strengths
according to me which I posses are effective communication, influencing attitude and necessary
skills for managing internal conflicts arising in the organisation among employees. I strongly
believe that these are some of the skills which have actually helped me in working more effectively
and making a positive contribution towards achievement of objectives that has been set by higher
management in may organisation that is Sainsbury’s. I make communications to mu subordinates
and superior along with this I act as a medium of communication between higher management and

lower management in the organisation. Such as if employees are willing to make any
communication then I make user that I am able to transfer such information to higher authorities in
organisation. My present interpersonal skills also have played a very important role in helping me in
becoming a relationship manager and performing my duties at a given point of time. (Kayanda,
2016).
Weaknesses: Major weakness I feel is management of time as I don’t posses enough skills
of time management. In case of small duties have to be performed with more care that can be done
only if I will be able to manage tome in a more effective manner. There are many different factors
that have to be taken care so that work load can be managed. Such as a sequence has to be made in
which most important activities have to be given high ranking and those with less priority has to be
given low ranking. There are many different types of skills that is required in a individual in
performing their assigned duties and effective time management is one such quality if so is not there
then there will be no job that will be completed in assigned time frame. Another problems is that I
sometimes feel that I am not able to deal with technology I am not that technology friendly and this
is main reason sometimes I feel some difficulty on performing my job roles. There has to be some
time that is required to be invested for learning of jobs or new technological skill and such time has
to be invested by me apart from performing my regular course of job duties. (Deloitte 2017).
Personal Development Plan: when a person is focussing on personal development plan
there is a special requirement to form of some strategies that they are able to make a performance
developmental plan. There is a need to make some strategies so that plan can be adopted in a more
effective manner. It is very helpful for a individual person to increase their productivity. It is also
useful in their individual growth and development. In case of Sainsbury there us a below mentioned
performance development plan that is being prepared so that management of employee performance
can be done with timely evaluation of their overall job roles. Below discussed is the performance
management plan:
Skills Current
ability
Targeted ability Objectives Activity for the
development
Time limit
Time
management
The overall
evaluation
such as my
administration
abilities that
has helped me
My overall target
is basically to
achieve a 4.5 out
of 5 according to
my skills
Main objective is
to management of
tasks that are small
and big at same
time so that my
overall
For improvement
of my lacking
skills so that I
can my
drawback I will
take suggestions
I have to work
on
improvement
of problems
improve in
period of 90

in
achievement
if 2.52 stars
out of 5.
management skills
can help me in
learning the most
important skill that
is time
management.
from all the
superiors &
subordinates. I
have to join
some of the
training
programmes.
period so that
there is
sufficient time
for
minimization
of problems.
Lack of
Technical
knowledge
My present
skills are
technological
that has
provide me
2.5 out of 5
stars.
My target for
achievement a
rating of 5 out if
5. It is because
of developing a
understanding of
all the
technological
factors to get the
work done.
(Mlambo, 2016).
In every job there
has to be some
skills that have to
be knowledge of
technology that has
to be according to
up gradations that
are prevailing and
other competitors
of the organisation.
For improvement
of my present
technological
skills it becomes
very important to
identify and
make aware
about updated
technology that
can be adopted
by organisation.
The overall
time period
that is required
for increasing
my overall
skills there is a
time period of
70 days
TASK 2
P3 Explain the difference between individual, organisational learning and training& development
Organisations and market are broader and wider concept for both organisation as well as
individual. Learning is essential because it enhances the skills set and improve the thoughts and
thinking of the person. It is required at every phase of business which helps in improving the mind
capability and efficiency of individual. Training and development is also crucial because they
assists in grooming and enhancing the skills and knowledge at rapid level. In context to
SAINSBURY'S, they adopt these elements so that goals and objectives are achieved in proper
manner. (Shin, 2017).

Organisational Learning-
Organisational play impoprtant role in enhancing the firm productivity. With help
organisational learning, firm are able to maintain the sustainability for the longer period of time. OL
is essential because it help to gain knowledge and skills which are applied within the firm so that
functions, operations and business activities are carried out in proper way. Programmes are
implemented so that learning can be done in appropriate manner. In context to SAINSBURY'S,
organisational learning is used so that business run smoothly and productivity of the firm is
increased at rapid level. HR manager of the company ensures the all the objectives are achieved and
learning process is done in proper way. Without learning, it is not possible for entities to get the
work done properly. Also, using organisational learning employees use their skills set in the firm to
complete the assigned task within a time period. It is time consuming procedure and profitability of
the enterprise is increased.
Individual Learning-
Individual learning is one in which a person as individual increases knoledge and skills. In
this, interest and focus are important which revolves around individual learning. An individual who
is learning and person who teaches should create a interest so that outcomes and results are positive.
It is responsibility of the teacher or mentor to keep engage the individual in the learning process.
With help of individual learning, progress and performance of the individual is determined in
appropriate manner. In relation with SAINSBURY'S, manager as well as leaders of the company
ensures that every employee knowledge is increased in proper manner so that they are able to cope
up with challenges and threats. Market is wide and require people who are able to deal with difficult
situations. In individual learning, it enhances the individual efficiency and calibre so that roles and
responsibilities are fulfiled in proper manner. To counter the future problems and to enhance
efficiency this learning is essential.
BASIS
MEANING
ORGANISATIONAL
LEARNING
It is learning which revolves
around the group of members or
in the firm.
INDIVIDUAL LEARNING
It refers to learning which is
done done for a partiular
period.
OBJECTIVE Main objective of Main object of individual

FOCUS
TIME PERIOD
organisational learning is to
provide firm with skilled and
efficient employee. (Fu, 2017).
Organisational learning mainly
focuses on firm as learner.
In this, learning process is time
consuming and strategies and
tactics are implemented to
achieve the desired goal.
learning is to enhance the
capability and knowledge of
person as a individual.
Individual learning mainly
target solely person and two
way commuication is carried
out in appropriate manner.
Learning process in individual
learning is short period and
long period depending upon the
interest of learner. (Pak, 2018).
Training& Development- In organisation, it is important to focus on continuity of business
as well as employee stability. Training refers to a process in which employee learn and enhance
knowledge as well as skills which is needed in job role so that results are achieved effectively.
Training is done with motive of developing the personnel abilities and capabilities. In context to
SAINSBURY'S, they conduct training so that employees become aware about roles and
responsibilities which are to be fulfiled in proper manner. It is of two types; on thet job training and
off the job training. T&D is im
On the job training- It refers to training which is implemented and conducted within the
firm and does not require any location for the process. In relation with SAINSBURY'S, they use
this training to increase the employee morale and motivation so that goals and objectives are
achieved in proper manner. With help of this, time as well as cost is saved and manager re-
experience their time which helps in better environment in the organisation. Thereare various types
of methods which are involved in on the job training such as E-learning, induction, coaching,
retraining etc. It depends upon the firm to select and conduct which types of method and which can

be used effectively to increase the employee efficiency. With help of on the job training, motivation
and morale of personnel is increased at rapid level. In this, all the activities are done in a systematic
manner. Productivity of the enterprise is increased which leads to better performance and growth of
the subordinates as well as firm. By using OJT, multi tasking skills are developed as well as
enhanced of personnel. Chances of errors and conflicts arises due to difference in ideas and
perception. When new members or say subordinates takes place in the firm they have ample number
of queries and these are asked at the time of induction which disrupts the envoironment of business
and distract the co-employees from their work.
Off the job training- Off the job training refers to training which is to be conducted outside
the firm and location is being focused in this process. In relation with SAINSBURY'S, they use off
the job training so that customer behaviour and employee calibre is analysed in proper manner. With
help of this training, personnel are able to face the challenges and threats which occurs in market as
well as in the business. By adopting or say using this training oveall growth and development is
achieved in appropriate manner. Off the job training comprises of several methods such as
incident/situation method, case study, grid method, etc. This training gives the theoretical
knowledge to the employees which helps in dealing with market situation in effective manner. In
this, as it occurs outside the firm and environment of the management does not get affected by new
members. Cost of production in this training is relatively low which results in efficient use of
resources within the organisation and same can be used for other groups too. (Jewell, 2020).
Development is also necessary in the firm for because it drives the employees as well as
management towards a common goal. With help of development, growth and matutrity level is
evaluated as well as enhanced in proper manner. It is a ongoing or continous process and is time
consuming. This assists both firm and subordinates to be prepared for uncertain situations and
events that can affect the business productivity. In context to SAINSBURY'S, managers and leaders
of the firm ensures that development of both employees and enterprise is developing in appropriate
manner.
TRAINING DEVELOPMENT
MEANING
OBJECTIVE
Training refers to enhancing
skills and knowledge of
employees which is required in
job role and within the firm.
Main objective of training is to
provide change and increase
Development refers to
improving the manpower and
resources efficiency to grow at
wider level.
Main objectve of development
is to provide growth and

TIME PERIOD
productivity of both employees
as well as firm.
In training it dpends upon the
firm to select which type of
training methods on the job or
of the job. Time period in on
job is short as compared to off
the job training.( DeNisi,
2017) .
enhance efficiency of
employees within the firm.
In development, time period is
long because it dpends upon the
attitude and behaviour of the
personnel which took time to
adjust in the situation.
After a brief analysis of above training& development, organisational and individual
learning it is stated that organisation require all these elements in the firm for overall growth and
development. A proper market research and effective decision making is important when involving
these into the organisation.
P4 Describe the professional development and continous learning and their importance in relevance
with business
Continous learning-
Continous learning as professional refers to a process through which knowledge as well as
skills are enhanced frequently to increase the efficiency of the employees. It is important to keep
learning at regular level so that activeness and enthusiasm remain amongst the members or
employees. In context to SAINSBURY'S, HR manager of the company conducts activities and
situation within the firm so that subordinates are able to improve their skils set in proper manner.
This continous mode of learning help in problem solving and motivation amongst the subordinates
in increased. With help CL, challenges and threats are faced by personnel in appropriate manner and
which results in higher productivity as well as enhanced performance. It also assists to be prepared
for future occuring events and uncertain activities. Organisation adopt this so that chances of errors
and conflicts are minimised within the firm. It makes personnel active and motivates them towards

the goals as well as objectives. It leads to retraining of employees and which is costly as compared
to personnel development. Effective measures and policies is to be conisdered while going with this
process. New ideas and potential level of subordinates increases when thi learning is used
effectively (Gerrish, 2016).
Professional development-
In organisation professional development play important role in enhancing and improving
the efficiency of employees and productivity of business. It is essential for employees to behave
and maintain a professionalism in the firm. PD is crucial as it stimulates subordinates to achieve the
assigned task within in given period of time and also it helps to deal with different people
professionally. In relation with SAINSBURY'S, HR manger of the company prefer this process to
survive in this competitive market in proper way. With use of professional development challenges
and threats are managed as well as maintained properly. Enterprise conducts various activities so
that personnel attitude and behaviour is analysed which helps in adopting the PD in effective
manner.
After a brief analysis of above report it is stated that it is essential to adopt change in the
management. With help of continous learning and professional development, it become easy for the
organisation to achieve the goals and objectives in appropriate manner. Growth and performance is
increased within the firm at rapid level. CL assists in enhancing the knowledge as well as skills
whereas PD helps in reating a discipline within the firm to overcome with challenged in easier
manner.
TASK 3
P5 Explain HPW and in relevance with employee and organisation
HPW also kniown as hgh performance working system, it is kind of practices which helps
and motivates employee to maintain commitment within a work place. This is very important
concept which is managed and controllled by HR manager of the company. With help HPW, a trust
is build between the firm and subordinates which leads to positive environment. In context to
SAINSBURY'S, manager of the company adopt high performance working system so that a goals
and objectives are achieved in appopriate manner. Also, competition advantage is taken by
perosonnel when HPW is involved.(Sherstiuk, 2019). It has various aspeces such as selection,
performance appraisal, decision making, credentials sharing, spportive management etc. So, it is
responsibility of the HR manager of the firm to develop and use these practices so that organisations
worforce are able to perform their roles in effective manner. High performance working system

leads to overall, growth and development of the firm.
 Human resource practices- Firm require HR department in the company so that resources
in the organisation are used effectively. With help of these HR practices, hr personnel are
able to manage and handle the workplace of the firm so that functions and operations of
business run smoothly. In relation with SAINSBURY'S, Hr team of the organisation is well
organised and capable of motivating employess. Also, they have positive impact on
personnel atttitude as well as behaviour by measuring the effect of reward programmes on
subordinates. Leadership is developed amongst the staff members with help of training and
helps the employees to avail and explore more new opportunities. HR team of the company
is important to a firm because they manages all the activities and helps in developing new
strategies as well as tactics in proper manner (Lin, 2020).
 Team building- In an organisation, team play vital role in achieving the goals and
objectives. With help of effective team, roles and responsibilities are performed in
appropriate manner. In context to SAINSBURY'S, manager, leaders and HR of the firm
ensures that cooperation and coordination is developed amongst the group of members so
that results arise positively. In a firm there are two types of team efficient and inefficient
which are managed and maintain by a manger of the company. Team building is crucial as it
helps in effective decision making, planning and organising the activities of the business in
proper manner. Startegies and tactics are prepared by HR to create a positive environment
within the organisation. Effective results are achieved when tasks are divided into team and
employee are able to maintain a communication amongst the group members. It stimulates
all the members within the team to complete the tasks within specific time period. Discipline
is establishes when a team is fomred in the organisation. (Waddell, 2019).
After a brief analysis of above matter it is seen that HPW is essential for the organisation to
achieve the mission of the company. By adopting high performance working system progress and
motivation of subordinates is increased at higher level. HR practices are important for every firm as
they help in improving the growth as well as development of the enterprise. Proper market research
and decision making is to be done in appropriate manner so that practices of HR are done
effectively.
P6 Examine the importance of performance management and different approaches
Performance and progress are crucial for the entities and business because they help in
analysing and measuring the level of firm in the market. Performance managment system is

important for both firm as well as employees. It ensures that all the business activities are used
properly to achieve the desired common goal. In relation with SAINSBURY'S, HR manager and
team use this system so that efficiency level of subordinates and enterprise is evaluated in
appropriate manner. Different types of tools and techniques are used to determine the PM in the
firm. Motivation and morale of personnel increases because the value is given to their work and
contribution to enterprise is considered effetively. It is used by manager at both individual as well
as group or departmental level. There are various approaches which is used in this management
which are discussed below-
 Attribute/ traits Approach- Employees within a firm are heterogeneous and have different
perception, ideas, skills and knowledge. In an organisation, different departments are
involved such marketing& sales, finance, legal department etc. In context to
SAINSBURY'S, managers and leaders of the firm firstly analyse the attrivutes of personnel
and then on the basis of their traits roles and responsibilities are assigned to them. So,
perormance managment is determine on the basis of characteristics of an employee.
 Comparitive Approach- Further comes the comparitive approach in which a scale is used
to check the performance level of employees. In this, personnel are compared to other
subordinates or colleague's and then progress is evaluated and appraisal is given. In relation
with SAINSBURY'S, they they give task to each subordinates at the time performance
management and whoever perform better get the reward or appraisal by the manager or HR.
(da Silva, 2019).
After a brief analysis of above paragraph it is stated that performance management is
important because it increases the employee motivation and morale within the firm. So,organisation
use various approaches to impplement this process so that value is given to every indivdual and
productivity of the enterprise increased in proper manner (Lee,2019).

CONCLUSION
After a detailed analysis of above report it is concluded that organisations and team needs to
be developed at every phase of business. Professional skills, behaviour and knowledge are the
source to the profitability in the management. These are adopted at various aspects according to the
need and requirement. Skills audit and professional development plan asists firm to get the work
done in appropriate manner. Organisational and individual learning drives the management of the
enterprise to perform better. Training and development enhance the firm and efficiency of
personnel. Professional development and continous learning also assists in maintaining the stability
of the entities for longer period of time. High performance work and and performance management
system provide a huge rise in growth as well as development at rapid level.
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