Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention Strategies

This article explains the types, causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies of diabetes mellitus. It also discusses the impact of diabetes on human lifestyle and the policies and strategies for its prevention.

Running Head: DIABETES MELLITUS
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Diabetes Mellitus

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Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
Human Body System..............................................................................................................................2
Integumentary system.......................................................................................................................3
Skeletal system..................................................................................................................................3
Muscular system................................................................................................................................3
Lymphatic system..............................................................................................................................3
Respiratory system............................................................................................................................3
Digestive system................................................................................................................................3
Nervous system.................................................................................................................................3
Endocrine system..............................................................................................................................3
Cardiovascular system.......................................................................................................................3
Urinary systems.................................................................................................................................4
Diabetes mellitus...................................................................................................................................4
Signs and Symptoms of diabetes mellitus.............................................................................................4
Types of diabetes...................................................................................................................................5
Type 1st diabetes................................................................................................................................5
Type 2nd diabetes...............................................................................................................................5
Cause of diabetes..................................................................................................................................5
Factors that influence diabetes in people.............................................................................................6
Impact of diabetes on the lifestyle of human's.....................................................................................6
Policies and strategies for prevention of diabetes.................................................................................6
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................7
References.............................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is defined as a health disorder which is increased rapidly in the last
few years. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic diseases with disturbances of
carbohydrate, cardiovascular disease, and other health disorders. The impact of
diabetes on human’s health involves dysfunctions, high blood pressure, and failure of
different organs (American Diabetes Association, 2014). There are many symptoms of
diabetes disorder such as polyuria, weight loss, thirst, and blurring of vision. Through
diabetes mellitus, many other diseases occur such as obesity, overweight,
cardiovascular disease, chronic conditions, and peripheral vascular disorder (Dei et al.,
2015). This paper is explaining about types of diabetes, the cause of diabetes, and
prevention of diabetes. There are two types of diabetes problem occur in humans such
as type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. This paper is also explaining about the signs and
symptoms of diabetes and different types of policies and strategies to reduce diabetes in
the UK.
Human Body System
Human body system consists of almost 11 organ systems which are works
independently. These organ systems involve skeletal system, lymphatic system,
integumentary system, respiratory system, nervous system, muscular system,
endocrine system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, reproductive systems, and
urinary system (Anatomy and Physiology, 2013).
Figure: Human body organ system

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(Source: Anatomy & Physiology, 2013)
Integumentary system
This system consists of skin, nails, and hairs that cover the external part of the body and
also protect from other accidents and injuries.
Skeletal system
It consists of bones and joints of the human body and also protects the organs system of
the body. It provides an outline of muscles which is used for movement.
Muscular system
It consists of the skeletal muscles body system and maintains posture and also
generates heat in the human body.
Lymphatic system
It consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and thymus. In which blood
cells are involved this is return from blood vessels to disposes of debris.
Respiratory system
It includes nasal cavity, larynx, lung, and bronchus and the main objective of this system
is that it removes carbon dioxide from the human body.
Digestive system
This system involves the oral cavity, liver, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
Generally, this system is used to eliminate indigestible excess from the human body.
Nervous system
Nervous system plays an important role in the human body and it involves the brain,
nerves, and spinal cord. Through this body system, the human body responds to
internal and external changes and other physical activities.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system includes pineal gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, testis, and
pituitary gland. This system provides many processes for the human body such as
growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

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Cardiovascular system
This system is the main part of the human body which involves heart and blood vessels.
The main work of the heart is that it pumps blood and blood vessels are used to
transport blood in the human body (Cheng, et al., 2014).
Urinary systems
This system involves kidney, urinary bladder, and ureter and the main aim of this
system is that it eliminates wastes from the human body.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is defined as a health disorder which is the biggest problem for
human's health and it is increased day by day. In the last few years, the rate of diabetes
in the UK is increased very fast and many people and children are affected by this health
risk. The chronic condition of diabetes mellitus is related to dysfunction, kidneys, long-
term damage, overweight, heart, and blood pressure (Feinman et al., 2015). There are
mainly two types of diabetes present in a human's body such as type 1 diabetes and
type 2 diabetes. From the 1996 year, the number of diabetes individuals was increased
from 1.4 million to 3.48 million. According to national health services, in the UK the rate
of diabetes has doubled and there are many diagnosed people as compare to healthy
people. It is estimated that in 2025 the rate of diabetes in the UK will reach 5 million. In
which type 2 diabetes is the most common disorder and it is increased day by day in the
UK. According to data from the world health organization, in the last two years, around
3.5 million people were diagnosed due to diabetes. There are many other problems
occur due to type 2 diabetes such as obesity, cancer, heart attacks, high blood pressure,
and cardiovascular disease (Iacovazzo, et al., 2018). Almost 2.6 million individuals in
England were diagnosed due to diabetes and type 2nd diabetes and the rate of diabetes
in England is increased by 5% every year. It is estimated that almost 10% of humans in
England were diagnosed due to type 1st diabetes problem. In the UK individuals from
South Asian and black ethnic collections have more chance to increase type 2 nd diabetes
problem as compare to white ethnic groups. Through type 2nd diabetes many other
health risks occur such as obesity, overweight, cancer, high blood pressure, and
cardiovascular disease.

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Signs and Symptoms of diabetes mellitus
There are many types of symptoms of diabetes such as polyuria, weight loss,
polyphagia, and polydipsia. In every month or week symptoms of type 1st diabetes may
develop rapidly as compare to type 2nd diabetes (Jáquez, 2016). There are some other
signs and symptoms of diabetes such as blurry vision, fatigue, itchy skin, headache, and
slow healing of cuts. The main cause of glucose absorption is prolonged of high blood
glucose. There are many skin rashes occur due to diabetes that is called as diabetic
dermatomes.
Types of diabetes
Type 1st diabetes
This diabetes is characterized by beta cells of the islets in the pancreas which is leading
to insulin deficiency, and idiopathic. This type of diabetes causes almost 10% of
diabetes cases in the UK. Through this diabetes, many children and adults in England
are affected and it is estimated that almost 2 million human's in the UK were diagnosed
due to type 1st diabetes. Type 1st diabetes is unrelated to the lifestyle of human as
compared to type 2nd diabetes (Kaveeshwar, and Cornwall, 2014).
Type 2nd diabetes
This type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance which is the most common
type of diabetes that present in children. There are many other diseases occur due to
this health disorder such as obesity, overweight, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and
heart attacks. According to data, around 2 million people in England were diagnosed
due to type 2nd diabetes and generally, this disorder occurs in children.
Cause of diabetes
There are many causes of diabetes and it is increased due to unhealthy diets and lack of
exercise (Li, et al., 2017). There are following causes of both type 1st and type 2nd
diabetes-
 Viral
 Bacterial infection
 Toxins with food
 Unidentified components

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 Unhealthy diets
 Lack of physical activates
 Obesity
 Overweight
 Polycystic ovary syndrome
Factors that influence diabetes in people
There are many lifestyle factors which are influencing diabetes in humans such as
physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, smoking, lack of exercise, more use of
fast foods, and beverage, lack of healthy diets, and lack of gardens, and equipment’s
(Zhang, et al., 2016). According to the world health organization, obesity or overweight
is the main risk factor for type 2nd diabetes. Obesity may encourage the development of
disease progress and insulin resistance (Ma, et al., 2016).
Impact of diabetes on the lifestyle of human's
Diabetes is a most common disease which directly impacts on human’s body and
lifestyle. For women, diabetes can affect the vagina and yeast infection and for men and
children it block flow of blood and affect the nerves system of the body, depression,
poor vision, and being confused (Powers, et al., 2017). There are many factors that
impact on human's health such as damage to blood vessels, brain, macrovascular
complication, and damage to small blood vessels. There are many factors through which
diabetes can be reduced such as physical activities, exercise, and healthy diets, reduce
the use of sugar, and drink soft water as compared to the beverage.
Policies and strategies for prevention of diabetes
To reduce this type of health disorder National Health Service in the UK developed
many policies and strategies (Association, 2013). They provide a proper education and
training program for the prevention of diabetes and other human's diseases. They
promote healthy diets, and physical activities through the training program. The
government of England also reduced the usage of sugar from all product that reduced
obesity, and type 2nd diabetes problem by 10% in the last few years (Xue, et al., 2018).
Teachers also provide training in schools and promote healthy diets and exercise to
students and parents. However, the minister of health developed many health

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programmes in all countries to decrease diabetes in children and adults. There are
mainly two approaches can be used for the prevention of diabetes and obesity such as
 Promote healthy diets and physical activities
 Reduce unhealthy foods and improve health programmes and training
However, through these policies and strategies diabetes and other health disorders can
be reduced and it is estimated that in 2015 the rate of diabetes and other health
disorder has to be decreased and there are mainly two factors that reduced obesity and
type 1st diabetes such as healthy diets and exercise.
Conclusion
Diabetes and obesity both are a most common problem in the UK and diabetes has
increased rapidly in the last few years. The main reason for this increment is lack of
physical activates and a healthy diet. In 2011, around 3 million people were diagnosed
due to diabetes and it is calculated that in the last few years the rate of type 2nd diabetes
has doubled in England. This paper studies about the cause of diabetes, the impact of
diseases on human's lifestyle, and prevention method for diabetes and other diseases.
The government should improve health programmes and should develop a training and
education program that will help in the reduction of diabetes in children and adults.
Teachers should motivate students and provide proper training regarding health
disorders.
References
American Diabetes Association, (2014) Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.
[online] Available from:
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/37/Supplement_1/S81.full-text.pdf [Accessed
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Anatomy and Physiology (2013) Human Body Organ Systems: An Orientation. [online]
Available from: http://anatomyandphysiologyi.com/human-body-organ-systems-an-
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Cheng, J., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Han, F., Li, X., He, X., Li, Q. and Chen, J., (2014) Effect of
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