Differences in Data Privacy Policies in UK and India

This study explores the differences in data privacy policies in UK and India using qualitative research methodology. The study design is descriptive and the research approach is inductive. Secondary data collection method is used and inclusion and exclusion criteria are set for selecting appropriate studies. QDA Miner Lite is used for qualitative content analysis. The study aims to identify the differences in policies and the issues related to privacy and security of data in Big data.

DIFFERENCES IN DATA
PRIVACY POLICIES IN UK
AND INDIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................1
Overview......................................................................................................................................1
Research type...............................................................................................................................1
Research design...........................................................................................................................2
Research Approach......................................................................................................................2
Research philosophy....................................................................................................................3
Inclusion and exclusion criteria...................................................................................................4
Literature search strategy.............................................................................................................4
Key words....................................................................................................................................5
Data Analysis...............................................................................................................................5
REFERECNES................................................................................................................................7

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Overview
Research methodology specify the different set of method, techniques as well as tools
that are used by the researcher in order to gathered sufficient information related to the topic. In
another words, it helps in understand what method used by scholar to accumulate, organized and
analysis facts and information. It helps in understanding of reliability and validity of the study or
material has been extracted from useful and valid sources only. Research can be conducted in
different manner, it just depends upon type of study, objective of researcher and many more.
Survey, secondary analysis and document are various research method used by scholar to
complete the study and extract useful information in limited time frame and cost. Such in order
to proceed with the study of “Differences in data privacy policies in UK and India” follow
method has been used that are illustrated as follows:
Research type
Research is systematic investigation related to specific subject area by making use of
different secondary sources to gathered sufficient information and take right decision. Research
is of two type - qualitative and quantitative, such as qualitative involves collection, analysis and
interpretation of non-numerical information. Qualitative study is useful as it helps in getting in
depth detailed or study related to specific subject area. Furthermore, it can be used to understand
the way individuals perceive a particular subject and give meaning to social reality. Along with
it, the qualitative study lay emphasis more on “why” as compared to “what”, also relies direct
experience of human being. it is primarily exploratory research (Gupta and et.al., 2020). On the
other hand, quantitative study is just different from qualitative method as in this numerical value
are being collected, analysis and interpreted. In short, it is systematic investigation of phenomena
by accumulating quantifiable data and performing mathematical, statistical and other
computational techniques. Statistics is huge area of study that make application across many
disciplines. At last, in quantitative method measurable device are being used to complete the
study.
Out of both qualitative and quantitative research type, the scholar has make use of
qualitative method for completing the study on Differences in data privacy policies in UK and
India because it is aim in better understanding of first-hand information, truthful reporting of the
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facts that has been collected and help in getting in depth insight pertaining to the subject of
study.
Research design
Research design is framework of research method and techniques selected by the scholar
to pursue its study and gathered relevant information. It helps the researcher in effectively
understanding what are the method that will be most suitable for the study and end up in getting
success. So, research design explains about the type of research it is such as whether survey,
semi experimental, experimental, correlation and review. In another words, the research design
explains about the tools that are need to be used and the manner they must be used. Data
collection, measurement and analysis are three main research design. There are generally four
type of research design such as descriptive, correlational, experimental and Quasi experimental
or casual comparative research design (Mohajan, 2018).
These four are considered closest and exact to true experiments and are preferred in terms
of relevance, accuracy as well as quality. Likewise, descriptive research design is in which the
scholar describes the situation in depth in their research material. So, it is purely theoretical
where the researcher gathered, analysis and present information in understandable manner.
Experimental research design includes cause and effect of situation and their relationship with
each other. Thereby, proper observation helps in understanding the impact of independent
variable on dependent variable. Furthermore, correlational research design is also type in
research design as in this the scholar tries to establish relationship between two connected
variables in the research project. At last quasi- experimental research design is type in which a
cause and effect relationship is being built between the independent variable with dependent
variable. From the four type of research design, the scholar has planned to make use of
descriptive research design as it helps in better understanding of the subject matter i.,e “
Differences in data privacy policies in UK and India”.
Research Approach
Research approach is plan and procedure or explain series of steps that are undertaken by
the researcher to collect, analysis and intepretate information. It is generally based on nature of
problem that needs to be addressed so it is divided into two inductive and deductive approach.
Likewise, the inductive aims at developing a new theory, on the contract hand, the deductive
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research approach aim at testing the theory. Furthermore, the inductive approach move from
specific to board generalize and the deductive, just opposite from generalize to specific.
Inductive reasoning is also known as “ bottom up” approach- that is the scholar began from
specific observation and measure, identifying the patter and regularities, on the basis of that
formulating tentative hypotheses and finally drawing up the conclusion (Bairagi and Munot,
2019). While, deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature as it is mainly concerned with
testing or confirming the hypothesis. It is top to down approach as in it the theory is being tested
related to the subject, then hypothesis are being created and finally observation are collected to
address the hypothesis and confirm.
The scholar has decided to make use of inductive approach to proceed with the study as it
is fruitful for qualitative study. In addition to this, inductive reasoning is more open -ended and
exploratory especially in the beginning that helps in extracting more useful information.
Research philosophy
Research philosophy explain about the belief or thinking that has been used by the
researcher while collecting, analysis and interpreting information. Pragmatism, positivism,
realism and interpretivism are four type of researchers consist in research philosophy. Such as
Pragmatism is research philosophy to do things in more logically or organized manner so that
gathered information can be easily understanding by other. Positivism states that factual
knowledge is gained through observation and in it the role of researcher is limited to data
collection and interpretation (Sun and Zhou, 2019). Interpretivism is also philosophy in which
the research itself interpretate the information as per its belief. Realism is research philosophy
that states on the idea of independence of reality of human mind. From all of the above research
philosophy, the scholar has make use of positivism as factual things are used to complete the
study on differences in data privacy policies in UK and India and gathered necessary
information.
Data Collection
Data collection is one of the most important part of a dissertation that helps a researcher
in collecting appropriate data for dissertation that can be collected and analysed for achievement
of desired aim and objectives of research (Jain, Gyanchandani and Khare, 2016). There ate two
main types of data that can be collected through different methods. First type of data is primary
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data collection method and second is secondary data collection method. Primary data is a kind of
data which is collected by researcher for the first time through different methods such as:
interview, survey, observation etc. Whereas, second type of data is secondary data that has
already been published and can be collected from books, journals, articles, newspapers,
government websites and other online portals. It is extremely important to identify type of data
and method that will be focused upon by the researcher for collection of data which is
appropriate to be used for achievement of main aim and for answering main research questions.
For this dissertation, research had focused upon collecting secondary data through books,
journals, articles, government websites, online portals etc. It is an appropriate method to be used
by researcher because there are various kinds of articles, books and government website that can
help in collecting data about difference in data privacy policies in UK and India. It will further
help in collecting data for identifying tension between security and privacy need of users in
terms of Big data.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
It is extremely important to set inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting appropriate
studies for research so that studies selected are appropriate and can provide authentic data that
can be used for achievement of main objectives of research (Cohen and et. al., 2020). Main
inclusion ad exclusion criteria for this dissertation on the basis of which studies has been selected
are as follows:
Inclusion criteria: All the studies that were published after 2016 were selected. All the studies
conducted and published in English language were selected. Studies that consisted of 2 or more
than 2 key words in its title and abstract were selected and included in the dissertation. Not only
this, studies that were based of UK and India and focused upon data privacy policy were
included.
Exclusion Criteria: All the studies that were published before 2016 were excluded from this
dissertation. Studies that consisted of 2 or less than 2 key words in its tile and abstract were
excluded from the study. Other than this, studies that consisted of incomplete data or did not
have authentic publishers because of which their authenticity were questioned were also
excluded from this dissertation. Studies that were based on other countries except UK and India
were also excluded from the study.
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Literature search strategy
For selection of different studies for a dissertation it is extremely important to develop an
appropriate literature search strategy as this strategy helps in identifying ways in which
appropriate studies for the dissertation were selected (Eriksen and Frandsen, 2018). Literature
search strategy used for searching strategies for this dissertation have been explained below: first
of all, key words for searching strategies were identified and then using Boolean operators these
key words were used for searching for strategies on online libraries or databases such as Google
Scholar or emerald etc. then inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified for filtration of
studies to be collected. After selecting studies as per inclusion and exclusion criteria, publishing
year, publishers and data collected within studies were evaluated for further filtration of studies
so that only authentic and appropriate studies are selected. This strategy further helped in
selecting appropriate studies that can be used for extracting important information or content for
identifying differences in data privacy policies in UK and India.
Key words
It is extremely important to identify appropriate key words that are required to be used
for selection of appropriate studies to be used for analysis so that main aim and objectives of the
study can be achieved. Some of the main key words used for selection of appropriate studies and
for searching appropriate studies are as follows:
Data privacy policies, India, UK, Big Data, privacy, analytics, security issues,
technology.
Data Analysis
Data analysis can be defined as a kind of process that can be used as a process of
systematic applicability of logical techniques, statistical techniques, and other kinds of methods
or techniques that can be used for analysis of collected data for extraction of useful and
important data (Kamilaris, Kartakoullis and Prenafeta-Boldú, 2017). There are two main types of
data analysis methods: first is qualitative analysis method and second is quantitative analysis
method. Each of them is used for different types of data. Such as qualitative data analysis is used
for analysis of textual data such as interview, observation, secondary studies etc. Whereas
quantitative analysis method is used for analysis of numerical data. Qualitative analysis method
is further of various types that can be used according type of data collected. For this study,
qualitative content analysis method in which secondary qualitative data collected will be
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analysed. For this content analysis, qda miner lite will be used as a tool for analysis of qualitative
data and for designing of data cuprous of the thesis. This content analysis method has been
selected for the dissertation because it is one of the most appropriate method that can be selected
for analysis of secondary data for extraction of useful information for answering main research
questions in an appropriate manner. This method will directly help in identifying what are the
main differences in data privacy policy of UK and India using QDA Miner Lite. It is a software
that has functionality of analysing qualitative data using basic functionalities and many times
also helps in comparing two different types of data (Oleinik, 2019). This comparison
functionality can directly help in identifying and highlighting main differences between policies
of both the nations and ways in which due to these policies issues in terms of privacy and
security of data in Big data occurs. The main reason because of which QDA mine lite has been
used is because it is a easy to use qualitative data software that can be used for coding textual
data and text that can be used for reviewing coded data and text. This coded text and data can be
used with large number of documents.
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REFERECNES
Books and Journals
Bairagi, V. and Munot, M. V. eds., 2019. Research methodology: A practical and scientific
approach. CRC Press.
Cohen, J.P., and et. al., 2020. Covid-19 image data collection: Prospective predictions are the
future. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.11988.
Eriksen, M.B. and Frandsen, T.F., 2018. The impact of patient, intervention, comparison,
outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic
review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), p.420.
Gupta, R and et.al., 2020. Machine learning models for secure data analytics: A taxonomy and
threat model. Computer Communications, 153. pp.406-440.
Jain, P., Gyanchandani, M. and Khare, N., 2016. Big data privacy: a technological perspective
and review. Journal of Big Data, 3(1), pp.1-25.
Kamilaris, A., Kartakoullis, A. and Prenafeta-Boldú, F.X., 2017. A review on the practice of big
data analysis in agriculture. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 143, pp.23-37.
Mohajan, H. K., 2018. Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related
subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1). pp.23-48.
Oleinik, A., 2019. Content analysis of big qualitative data. International Journal of Open
Information Technologies, 7(10), pp.36-49.
Sun, B., Li, H. and Zhou, B., 2019. Interdecadal variation of Indian Ocean basin mode and the
impact on Asian summer climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(21), pp.12388-
12397.
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