Employee Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture

This assignment is focused on exploring the concept of employee job satisfaction and its relationship with organizational culture. It involves reviewing various studies and research papers that examine the impact of organizational culture and management practices on employee job satisfaction. The assignment also covers topics such as corporate psychopathy, supervisory behavior, and customer orientation in relation to employee job satisfaction.

How Do Different Personalities Types
Influence The Perceived Job Satisfaction
Of Employees?

Table of Contents
RESEARCH TOPIC .......................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of study.................................................................................................................1
1.2 Background of company.......................................................................................................1
1.3 Aim........................................................................................................................................2
2.0 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS.....................................................................2
Objectives....................................................................................................................................2
Question......................................................................................................................................2
3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................................2
Factors which influence employees job satisfaction...................................................................2
Different personalities their views over job satisfaction.............................................................4
Factors which influence employee way of perceiving job satisfaction.......................................4
Measures for managing changes in organization according to different personality and their
job satisfaction............................................................................................................................5
4.0 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................5
4.1 Research approach, design and type.....................................................................................5
4.2 Rationale...............................................................................................................................7
5.0 ACCESS TO DATA AND ETHICS OF STUDY.....................................................................7
6.0 LIMITATION............................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

RESEARCH TOPIC
“To explore different personalities types and its influence the perceived job satisfaction
of employees: A case study of Marks and Spencer.”
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of study
Job satisfaction play a crucial role in managing employee productivity at workplace. IT is
important for the organization to maintain motivation and satisfaction of workers in order to
increase job productivity of individuals. Every employee in the organization own different
personality have different ways of perceiving satisfaction like according to few workers normal
working hour and equal wages is job satisfaction. On the other hand, some employee fee work
life balance and pay according to individuals work is job satisfaction. However, contradicting
opinion of individual denotes their different way of perceiving satisfaction at work. Personality
traits of individual is the best way to derive difference in employee in perceiving job satisfaction.
Apparently, it bis also true that way of perceiving job satisfaction of employee is also
based on organization environmental and work culture where staff believes in coordinated
working but unequal distribution of power, responsibilities and authorities impact morale of
working a lead to job satisfaction (Zhu and et.al., 2014). This is the situation where workers is
working firm but only for the sake of earning and not give their time in organizational activities.
This is another way of perceiving satisfaction, from where it is clear that the different personality
owns unique way of perceiving work which regulates their morale of working.
The study is focused on exploring view of different personality and their way of
perceiving job satisfaction from, where wide range of views and ideas will be accumulated for
making changes and, developing understanding over factors which enables job satisfaction
among staff members.
1.2 Background of company
Marks and Spencer is a retail company which offers wide rang of products according to
fashion tends across the globe. The focus of firm in serving stakeholder satisfaction by
managing reliant changes on the basis of dynamic business trends. Th firm has employed 84939
across its more than 650 outlets and online business. The wide workforce of the firm is clear
indication of successful motivation and satisfactory efforts made by business to boost motivation
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and productivity of workers. The firm has Net income: £115.7 million is one of the leading
retailer of retail industry.
1.3 Aim
“To explore different personalities types and its influence the perceived job satisfaction
of employees: A case study of Marks and Spencer.”
2.0 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS
Objectives
 To develop understanding over factors which influence employees job satisfaction
 To assess views of different personalities of Marks and Spencer over job satisfaction
 To evaluate factors which influence employee way of perceiving job satisfaction
 To recommend measures for managing changes in organization according to different
personality and their job satisfaction
Question
 Discuss factors which influence employees job satisfaction?
 What are the views of different personalities of Marks and Spencer over job satisfaction?
 Explain factors which influence employee way of perceiving job satisfaction?
 What measures can be suggested for managing changes in organization according to
different personality and their job satisfaction?
3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
Factors which influence employees job satisfaction
According to the views of Grosser and et.al., 2016, Job satisfaction of employees is the
basic need which needs to be managed by company for attaining job productivity. The basic
factors which influences satisfaction towards are working conditions, opportunity, work culture,
relationship with supervisor and respect from co workers. These are the basic needs which
regulated organization culture. As per the views of Mathieu and et.al., 2016, every employee is
unique in their own way and so as their job satisfaction needs and therefore it is necessary for the
management of organization to conduct regular session with staff member in order to understand
loopholes and areas which are diversity individual performance. For example, Marks and
Spencer is leading fashion retailer whole ultimate focus is on serving stakeholder satisfaction for
which business organized different type of session for analyzing needs of every key stakeholders.
Like for evaluating job satisfactory needs of employee HR manager of M&S conducts one to one
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session every month where the manager shares performance of employee on the basis of which
questions are asked like reason behind degrading performance, ways to improve productivity,
etc.
On the other hand, Zhu and et.al., 2014, argued about employee have different way of
perceiving job satisfaction which leads to major difficulty in determining changes in organization
culture and work environment. In accordance with this author discussed about personality which
is major factor that influences individual way of perceiving job satisfaction. With personality it
is obvious that every person have own way of analyzing perceiving according to own beliefs,
vales, morals, etc. Therefor it is important for the organization to have shared perceptive, and
shared value environment in order to prevent harm to employees personality. Managing shared
practices is the core of maintaining equality and diversity at workplace and enabling job
satisfaction. For example, Marks and Spender is leading fashion retailer and have diverse work
force for which focus o business is on managing focused work culture where motive employee
efforts is only linked individuals personal development and business goals and objectives.
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Illustration 1: Job satisfaction
(Source: Redmond and Lane, 2016)

According to Mathieu and et.al., 2014, it is important for the manager of company to
have understanding over different personality because it is the basic tactic of managing job
satisfaction of employee at with minimal changes However, it is impossible for the organization
to consider satisfaction of employees at individual level. Therefore, the best way of managing
employees' morale is to listen to every person and making few relevant changes with regard to
workforce. It is a sustainable practice which aid the business in managing satisfaction at
workplace which will ultimately assist in managing job productivity of staff members.
Different personalities their views over job satisfaction
Belias and Koustelios, 2014, articulated about 5 personality traits which play a vital role
inn deriving individual way of perceiving job satisfaction like there are employee according to
whom work life balance is priority approach which helps the because in this workers are able to
work according to individual interest and is part of openness which comprise ideas, feeling and
individual own way of working. Further, there is hardworking and organized individual
according to whom competence, self discipline, goals are key concern of working and therefore
the individual look for growth opportunities and monetary benefits as satisfaction of working. On
the other hand, Delcourt and et.al., 2013, discussed about employee who are empathetic, trust
working and work with cooperation and positive spirit look of hierarchical needs of motivation
as job satisfaction. Likewise, there are workers who are anxious, unhappy and negative to every
change for which management can not really rely on there behaviors because it is unpredictable.
However, such type of behaviors are managed by making continuous effort for motivation. This,
from the discussion every person has different way of perceiving satisfaction at workplace and
therefore focus of management is on managing satisfaction on the basis of 5 traits of personality.
Factors which influence employee way of perceiving job satisfaction
According to Cullen and et.al., 2014, there are various factors which influences
satisfaction of employee at workplace. Every person sees job in different perspective like for
some workers work environment is basis of their motivation and therefore changes in culture,
power, task are most influential factors for these individual. The employee believe tat there
should be no ruling authority and every needs to work at same level and dignity. However,
according to some workers power play crucial in job satisfaction and the individual seeks for the
way to involve in decision making process. Thus, it can be articulated that satisfaction over job is
based on hierarchical needs of motivation which focuses s on self esteem, psychological and
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social need of workforce. As per the views of Zablah and et.al., 2012, managing content and
process motivation hand in hand is the basis for managing job satisfaction for every employee at
same level. For example, manager of Marks and Spencer imply use of Maslow hierarchical needs
and Vroom expectancy theory to boost employee morale as well ensure work is done in proper
manner. However, the coordination in work and motivation of workforce plays vital role in
managing job satisfaction according to employee way of perceiving satisfaction.
Measures for managing changes in organization according to different personality and their job
satisfaction
According to Sliter, Sliter and Jex, 2012, different employee and there different way of
perceiving job satisfaction is complex function for the organization to fulfill and understand. For
managing satisfaction for employee at equal level it can be suggested that business can
implement use of suggestion box which should be opened every month and suggestion should be
analyzed and relevant ones should be processed. This will help in gaining employees trust like
viable suggestion are processed by organization and therefore employee will try putting some
value views for improving work as well as organizational culture. On the other hand, Delcourt
and et.al., 2013, suggested about conducting meeting where focus of management should be
determining problems faced by employee. This will help in evaluating lacking are of internal
business environment and needs of managing motivation which will aid in serving job
satisfaction with regard to individual way of perceiving work. Thus, from entire discussion, it
can be outlined that ways of perceiving job satisfaction depends on employee morale and way of
approaching work and business.
4.0 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Research approach, design and type
 Research design: The design of research is essential part of study which helps in
arranging collected and analyzed data. There are wide range research designs which are
used for different studies like, case study, survey, naturalistic, observation are used for
descriptive type of study. On the other hand, there are observational study and case
control study for which correlation research design is used by scholar (Neuman, 2013).
Further, there is qualitative research design which will be used in present study as it is
based on social perspective. The study design will help in outlining opinion of different
personalities over job satisfaction.
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 Research type: Type of research is implied to derive careful consideration of study on
the basis of particular topic which are can aim or certain issue on which researcher feels
the needs of evaluation. There are different types of research Intervention —
experimental, quasi-experimental, action, exploratory, experimental, etc. This research is
based on exploring different facts in descriptive from where focus will be on evaluating
of research topic which is changing employee way of perceiving job satisfaction.
 Research approach: Research approach offers planned procedure of conducting
systemic study which helps in deriving proper pattern of managing sequential and viable
research process. Inductive, abductive and deductive are three commonly used research
approaches which offers different level of understanding for research aim and objectives
(Lewis, 2015). Deductive approach of study assist the scholar in managing analytical and
logical reasoning with the helps of quantifiable results. On the other inductive is used on
case do social construct where researcher imply evidence and theories to attain research
findings. Therefore, the researcher will imply use of inductive approach of investigation
because the focus of study is to derive employee way of perceiving job satisfaction.
 Research philosophy: It offers relevant phenomenon of data collection and analysis
which is based on aim of the investigation. Interpretivism and positivism are two
commonly used research philosophy where positivism is based on naturalize of research
topic which is evaluated by deriving relationship between proprieties. Interpretivism is
implied where research topic sis related to human interest, therefore the study will be
based interpretivism philosophical findings Because employee way of perceiving job
satisfaction is a construct of human mind.
 Sampling: Sampling is process of sorting where Small population r sources and are
chosen from wide option. It is important for the scholar to make use of appropriate
research method because it helps in gathering unbiased results and findings. Cluster,
random, probable, stratified, etc. are some sampling approaches which offers different
way of choosing population or sources for data collection. In this research investigator
will make use of random sampling method because it reduced the risk of getting bias
results. The random sample of study will be 30 employees of Marks and Sender who will
share their perspective over job satisfaction.
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 Data collection: It is focuses on gathering of information on the basis of research aim
and objectives. Data is collected by scholar with the helps of two completely different
methods that is primary and secondary data collection where secondary is based on
evaluation of information and facts collected in past different scholar. On the other hand,
primary is based on collecting fresh information on the basis of research aim and
objectives (Brinkmann, 2014). It is collected via interview, focus group, survey,
questionnaire, etc. Wile secondary information is accumulated via books, governmental
publication, articles, journals, online blogs, etc. IN this study scholar will incorporate
primary data collection where information will be gathered via interview of randomly
sampled participants on the basis of Questionnaire.
 Data analysis: Analyzing gathered information is complex part of study because in this
focus of researcher is on considering opinion of very participant to drive critical analysis.
Qualitative and quantitative are two research type of data analysis methods which offers
different type of understanding collected data. Quantitative analysis enables numerical
terms which helped in outlining quantifiable results. On the other hand, qualitative
analysis which is based arguments ad theoretical reasoning of collected information. The
present study will be based on qualitative analysis where the research will aim at forming
themes with regard to each question of questionnaire. Thematic analysis will help in
outlining and critical review of every information shred by respondents in interview.
4.2 Rationale
The motive behind conducting this study is academic and personal interest over research
topic which will helps in gaining knowledge over the individual way of perceiving job
satisfaction. The chosen sample is 20 employees of Marks and Spencer which is leading fashion
retailer. Employees are chosen a sample because the individuals are potential respondents with
regard to research aim and question. The information gathered by participants will be final for
outlining findings for which qualitative analysis will be done with the helps of inductive
approach because it supports relationship of two significant variables on the basis of models and
theories.
5.0 ACCESS TO DATA AND ETHICS OF STUDY
Ethical consideration for accessing data is foremost concern of researcher because, in this
phase of study it is the responsibility of research to assure right way of collecting information. In
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accordance sample of study focus of research will be on debriefing sampled participants with
questions of questionnaires which will help in analyzing individuals interest in sharing
information (Miller and et.al., 2012). Further, focus of scholar is on informed consent which will
be taken in written and will be presented to authorities of Marks and Spencer. On the hand, the
questions will not comprise any question which can harm beliefs, levels, and morals of
respondents. Moreover, the data will be used for personal learning and academic purpose and
information will be kept confidential.
6.0 LIMITATION
The major limitation of study will be time constraints and opinion of participants which
can be either very simple or justified from which outlining findings will be critical responsibility.
Further, limitation was availability of wide range of option for research methodology for which
choosing appropriate one is complex process because the scholar is responsible for linking every
option with research aim and objectives. Like inductive research approach is beneficial for
including evidence in study but on the other hand it lacks logical reasoning and contradictory
opinions over research aim and objectives.
CONCLUSION
The assessment is based on research aim and objectives which is to explore different
personalities types and its influence the perceived job satisfaction of employees. The study is
conducted in systematic way where secondary views of different authors are outlined in
Literature review. LR of study is based on research objectives which helped in gaining
knowledge over different aspects of study. Further, study outline methodology which will be
used by researcher in entire research project like inductive research approach, qualitative
analysis, primary data collection and random sampling. Thus, the assessment concluded with
ethical consideration and research limitation which is essential part which needs to considered in
research.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Belias, D. and Koustelios, A., 2014. Organizational culture and job satisfaction: A
review. International Review of Management and Marketing. 4(2). pp.132-149.
Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. In Encyclopedia of critical psychology (pp. 1008-1010).
Springer New York.
Cullen, K.L. and et.al., 2014. Employees’ adaptability and perceptions of change-related
uncertainty: Implications for perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and
performance. Journal of Business and Psychology. 29(2). pp.269-280.
Delcourt, C. and et.al., 2013. Effects of perceived employee emotional competence on customer
satisfaction and loyalty: The mediating role of rapport. Journal of Service
Management. 24(1). pp.5-24.
Grosser, T.J. and et.al., 2016. Employee Perceptions of Network Change Following an
Organizational Change. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2016, No. 1, p.
17005). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five
approaches. Health promotion practice. 16(4). pp.473-475.
Mathieu, C. and et.al., 2014. A dark side of leadership: Corporate psychopathy and its influence
on employee well-being and job satisfaction. Personality and Individual
Differences. 59. pp.83-88.
Mathieu, C. and et.al., 2016. The role of supervisory behavior, job satisfaction and organizational
commitment on employee turnover. Journal of Management & Organization. 22(1).
pp.113-129.
Miller, T. and et.al., 2012. Ethics in qualitative research. Sage.
Neuman, W.L., 2013. Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Pearson education.
Sliter, M., Sliter, K. and Jex, S., 2012. The employee as a punching bag: The effect of multiple
sources of incivility on employee withdrawal behavior and sales performance. Journal
of Organizational Behavior. 33(1). pp.121-139.
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Zablah, A.R. and et.al., 2012. How and when does customer orientation influence frontline
employee job outcomes? A meta-analytic evaluation. Journal of Marketing. 76(3).
pp.21-40.
Zhu, Q. and et.al., 2014. How is employee perception of organizational efforts in corporate social
responsibility related to their satisfaction and loyalty towards developing harmonious
society in Chinese enterprises?. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental
Management. 21(1). pp.28-40.
Online
Redmond, F. B. and Lane, K. D., 2016. Job Satisfaction Overview. [Online]. Available through:
<https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/11.+Job+Satisfaction>
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