Motivational Theories and Business Performance

This assignment investigates the relationship between motivational theories and improved business performance. It examines various factors that influence employee motivation, including working conditions, recognition, compensation, and training opportunities. The analysis also delves into different leadership styles and their effectiveness in motivating employees. Furthermore, the assignment evaluates Next Plc's current practices and strategies for employee motivation, considering their impact on organizational goals and objectives.

Dissertation

ABSTRACT
It can be evaluated from the dissertation that employee motivation is crucial aspect and
thus it helps in influencing their performance within firm. Through providing both financial and
non financial incentives and rewards it helps workers to perform desired results. Thus,
employing different motivational theories such as Herzberg and Maslow helps in identifying the
needs of workers and improve their performance within firm so that set results can be attained.
However, using different promotional strategies results into carrying out effective actions and
thus enhance the business operations. Through encouraging workers it helps in assessing the
significant functions and thus results into performing the desired results so that organization
could success in competitive market.

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of study.............................................................................................................1
1.2 Research aim.........................................................................................................................4
1.3 Research objectives...............................................................................................................4
1.4 Research questions................................................................................................................4
1.5 Rationale for research ..........................................................................................................4
1.6 Focus and purpose.................................................................................................................5
1.7 Problem statement.................................................................................................................5
1.8 Framework and analysis........................................................................................................5
1.9 Dissertation structure............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................1
2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
2.2 Employee Motivation............................................................................................................1
2.3 Importance of employee motivation.....................................................................................5
2.4 Motivational theories and approaches...................................................................................9
2.5 Link between business performance and motivational theories.........................................13
CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................1
3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
3.2 Research philosophy.............................................................................................................1
3.3 Research design.....................................................................................................................2
3.4 Research approach................................................................................................................3
3.5 Research strategy..................................................................................................................4
3.6 Data collection methods........................................................................................................5
3.7 Sampling...............................................................................................................................6
3.8 Data analysis.........................................................................................................................6
3.9 Ethical consideration.............................................................................................................7
3.10 Validity and reliability........................................................................................................8
3.11 Research limitation..............................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 4– DATA ANALYSIS...............................................................................................10

4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................10
4.2 Discussion...........................................................................................................................10
........................................................................................................................................................12
Chapter 5: Conclusion and RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................................35
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................35
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................................................................36
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................39

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
In the current era of globalization, each and every business focuses upon implementing
motivational theories so that business performance can be enhanced. It has direct connection
with the business success as it assists in motivating workers to attain success. Current
environment is highly competitive and irrespective of market size and structure it is essential for
firm to retain the best skilled and talented workers so that business effectiveness can be attained.
However, in regard to overcome the challenges faced within firm it is significant for businesses
to develop strong and positive relationship with workers and direct them towards accomplishing
the task (Salman and Khan, 2014). However, in regard to achieve the desired goals and
objectives, businesses are focused upon developing effective strategies to compete the same in
market and enhance their performance. There are very few organizations which consider that
workforce is one of the main asset and thus business requires to encourage them effectively in
regard to improve firms performance in market. For instance, if the workers would not be
satisfied with their job role as well as culture in the workplace then it would definitely affect
their performance and thus it decreases the organizational performance in market. The present
dissertation discusses the link or interconnection between motivational theories and
organizational performance based upon Next Plc.
Retail industry is being considered as the fifth largest in the world and possess high
potential of growth. It involves various products which are involved within retail industry such
as apparel and fashion, food and beverage, as well as other products. Hence, it is essential for
retail sector to encourage its employees in relation to fulfil the needs and attain desired results.
Therefore, it is significant for such industry to grow and thus improve their business
performance. In the current dissertation, Next Plc has been selected. Next Plc is a multinational
clothing distribution firm based in UK. Company is considered as one of the largest retail
business delivering the best quality, innovative and stylish design clothing products to
consumers. In the year 2010 it has been identified that Next Plc breaks the consumer protection
regulation 2000 regarding wrong billing customers for its delivery costs even when the goods
were returned within 7 working days s per rule. Thus, it has been assessed that management of
Next Plc aims to undertake certain steps and fulfil the needs of workers so that they can be attain
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customer satisfaction. Also, different factors have been identified which affects the staff morale
and motivation such as no rewards, no appraisal, comparing with other workers. Thus, it is
essential for management to motivate their employees by providing financial rewards and
incentives so that they could be encouraged in order to satisfy customers needs and wants.
Hence, management of firm is focused upon developing direct or indirect relationship within
business and employees in order to encourage them so that organizational performance can be
enhanced.
Furthermore, each and every business enterprise focuses upon undertaking effective
motivational theories as they are directly linked with the business performance. Through
encouraging workers in Next Plc it would result in satisfying their needs and wants and helps
them to work efficiently towards business success. Implementing changes in the form of
introducing innovation, improving technology and identify consumer needs and preferences will
benefit firm to attain desired goals (Nyambegera and Gicheru, 2016). Hence, for achieving all
these objectives it is essential for employees to get encouraged and work towards business
objectives in regard to enhance efficiency and productivity. Motivation is considered as one of
the best way that promotes and direct individual towards the stated targets. Thus, it assists them
to improve their efforts in terms of improving efficiency of personnel and thus success can be
attained. There are various motivational theories such as Maslow need hierarchy theory,
Herzberg two factor theory etc. helps in encouraging workforce to attain desired results. All
these theories are directly interconnected with the performance of workers so that they can be
encouraged towards attaining business objectives (Smith, 2015).
Human resource department of Next focuses upon encouraging, motivating and
promoting the employees by developing positive environment in workplace and thus direct them
towards business goals. However, motivation is considered as an influential task that encourages
people to work hard towards business targets and attain success (Aguinis, Joo and Gottfredson,
2013). Here, different motivation factors are considered such as intrinsic and extrinsic rewards so
that influences personnel to improve their performance and efficiency and satisfy the needs of
consumers. There are different types of rewards and recognition programs introduced by
company in order to encourage workforce so that performance can be enhanced up to a great
extent. For instance, there are various types in intrinsic motivation such as interested work, task
specification and recognition, growth, enhanced salary and high achievements etc. are intrinsic
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factors that encourages and promotes individual towards desired objectives and enhance quality
customer services within Next Plc (Shields, Brown and Plimmer, 2015).
Furthermore, it can be assessed that motivational factors works as a force that influence
people towards business objectives and thus perform the task efficiently. Applying motivational
theories and approaches such as Maslow, Herzberg and ERG etc. helps employees to fulfil their
unsatisfied needs and wants so that best results can be attained. However, it is essential for every
business to motivate their workers and increase their performance to accomplish business targets
(Rui, 2013). Employees are encouraged accordingly so that they put great effort within their
daily business activities and thus serve better customer services to enhance sales and
profitability. Thus, through encouraging staff motivation it aids in improving firm's excellence
towards firm's targets.
Motivation is considered as the challenge and involving people to get encouraged so that
better function can be achieved. It is also essential for managers to improve productivity and thus
utilizing the resources so that consumers needs could be fulfilled. Involving motivational
theories assists in increasing productivity and efficiency of firm so that employees can be
encouraged to attain success. Thus, management of Next employs effective motivational theories
so that needs and wants of workers can be identified and thus proper resources could be provided
in regard to enhance customer satisfaction (Afful-Broni, 2012). Hence, it can be assessed that
there is a great link between motivational theories and business success so that innovation could
be promoted effectively and efficiently. There are different factors which affect the level of
motivation in the workers and thus relate to enhance their level of performance.
Here, the dissertation is prepared in order to obtain better understanding related to
motivation theories and thus influences business performance in market. It also identifies that
business aims to encourage the workforce towards set targets and thus results in influencing
people to get encouraged and thus achieve desired results. There are carious companies which
are focused towards enhancing workforce and thus improve workers performance so that their
needs could be addressed effectively and efficiently (Salman and Khan, 2014). Hence, creating
an effective interlink between motivational theories and business success results in attaining
success. Further, if employees demotivated within the firm means they are not getting proper
rewards and recognition then it would result in affecting business performance in market. Also, it
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is essential for firm to assess the needs and wants of its employees in regard to provide them
appropriate services and thus satisfaction can be attained.
1.2 Research aim
The aim of the study is “To identify the link between motivational theories and organization
performance”- A case study on Next Plc.
1.3 Research objectives
 To assess the importance of motivation in commercial establishments.
 To investigate different ways, theories and approaches to motivate and encourage Next
Plc's workforce.
 To examine the relationship between employee motivation and business performance
 To recommend the best strategy or ways to gain improved worker's commitment and
enhance business performance.
1.4 Research questions
 Why companies require motivating their human resources?
 Which kind of motivational theories and approaches are available to Next Plc to motivate
their business personnel?
 How motivational theories are associated with Next Plc's organizational performance?
 Which is the best motivational approach available to Next Plc to motivate the human
force and thereby maximize business performance?
1.5 Rationale for research
In the current dissertation it identifies that it assesses the link between motivational
theories and business performance. Main reason of carrying out the study is that using different
motivational factors which are crucial for firm helps in enhancing business success towards
desired targets. Here, Next Plc so that overall performance of firm can be improved. It also
provides an opportunity to firm in regard to implement appropriate motivational factors that
helps in encouraging workforce towards desired results. Hence, it aids in enhancing revenue of
firm and achieve customer satisfaction. As Next Plc are profit making firm and thus aims to
maximize profits in relation to provide satisfaction to customers so that better performance can
be attained. It helps business to encourage workers and retain them for long term so that success
within firm can be attained.
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1.6 Focus and purpose
In the present research focus is made upon applying different motivational theories so
that encouragement among workers can be attained. Further, it is essential for business to
identify the needs and wants of employees and thus provide them proper motivational benefits so
that business performance can be improved. It is crucial for enterprise to assess the skills and
competency of workers which assists firm to motivate employees and thus increase work
performance. There are different motivational theories such as Herzberg, Maslow etc that
focuses upon improving the needs of workers and thus increase workers performance so that
success can be attained effectively and efficiently. It also involves different ways of encouraging
workers so that business targets can be attained effectively.
1.7 Problem statement
Human resources are considered as one of the essential element of business and thus aids
in improving business productivity. However, without motivating workers and satisfying their
need, Next Plc could not be able to carry out the operations successfully in market. Thus,
selection of appropriate motivational techniques and factors such as rewards, allowances,
bonuses etc. encourages workers to enhance their motivation level and thus achieve business
targets. Further, it is essential for managers of Next Plc to motivate their workforce effectively
and thus overcome difficulty so that skilled and talented candidates can be retained within firm
for long term. There are various factors that demotivates workers in Next Plc such as
absenteeism, poor performance and high employee attrition rate etc. and thus it is essential for
workers to get encouraged so that all such elements could be improved up to a great extent. Also,
it helps firm to enhance employee motivation and improve business performance.
1.8 Framework and analysis
In this particular part of the dissertation it is essential for researcher to carry out the
framework and analysis and thus proper decisions could be taken. Following are the different
steps which are as follows-
 Research design- There are different types of research design available with the
researcher in order to assess the material facts and figures in relation to the chosen topic.
It involves descriptive, analytical, case study, exploratory, correlation etc. In the current
study descriptive research design in order to collect facts and information which helps in
describing an existing phenomenon. Researcher aims to apply the descriptive research
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design as it assists them to construct questionnaire which focuses upon the data and
information in regard to encourage workers towards desired results (Mackey and Gass,
2015).
 Research philosophy- It is considered as the researcher belief that how the data will be
collected and examined. It consists of two different terms i.e. epistemology and
doxology. There are two types of research philosophy such as interpretivism and
positivism in order to seek business objectives. Here, positivism philosophy has been
selected which provides flexible research framework and thus help researcher to believe
the reality in what he identifies from the research (Ansara, 2015).
 Research approach- It involves two different types of research approach i.e. inductive
and deductive. However, researches which are of qualitative nature applies inductive
research approach and thus develop a theory based on the results of data analysis. While,
quantitative research study aims to carry out deductive approach and thus researcher
focuses upon developing hypothesis upon existing theories and use research strategy so
that formulated hypothesis can be carried out effectively (Snyder, 2012).
 Sampling- Here, Next Plc is considered as a global multinational firm and thus it is not
possible for firm to send questionnaire to all the senior employees i.e. directors,
managers and executives to carry out the study. Thus, researcher uses sampling
technique and select 50 senior managers from whom responses will be collected. It also
enables scholar to assess both the opportunities and challenges which is faced by
managers in regard to motivate employees. However, sample is selected using random
sampling method so that best opinions could be obtained (Soni and Kodali, 2012).
 Data collection- Here, well structured questionnaire is used as a research instrument in
regard to collect data because such instrument which is extremely flexible and can be
used to obtain in-depth information regarding any type of study. The questionnaire is
categorized into different sub divisions i.e. demographic information, current
motivational practices, types of motivational theories and approaches and relationship of
impact of theories on business productivity. Further, it also involves different types of
questions i.e. open and close ended (Pfefferbaum, Newman and Nitiéma, 2014).
 Data analysis- It is considered as the qualitative research and thus thematic analysis has
been done. Also, graphical representation is done in order to obtain best results. Such
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analysis would help scholar in gaining the best outcome of the questionnaire so that
results can be attained.
1.9 Dissertation structure
In the current dissertation, it consists of different chapters which are discussed
underneath-
 Chapter 1- Introduction- It is the first chapter in which introduction and overview of
the dissertation topic has been provided. It creates a base of the dissertation in regard to
assess the subject matter upon which study is being carried out. Also, it prepares the
framework in regard to carry out the research effectively. Hence, such section starts with
an overview of the research title and thus discuss the study so that best results can be
attained. It also comprises detailed description of the study and thus link the same with
the selected organization. Additionally, it also involves aim, objectives and research
questions in order to carry out the research topic.
 Chapter 2- Literature review- In this particular chapter critical analysis is being done
on the identified research objectives. Hence, the section helps in evaluating the
knowledge and information which is present in regard to carry out the literature. It also
provides wide knowledge and information related to the present topic and thus gain
information through secondary sources. Here, critical evaluation is being done in relation
to carry out in-depth analysis so that different information can be obtained in regard to
carry out the chapter.
 Chapter 3- Research methodology- Here, different techniques can be applied by the
scholar while carrying out the investigation. In this particular section different techniques
are being employed so that research can be carried out effectively. Also, justification
needs to be obtained in relation to application of particular tool so that proper knowledge
and understanding could be developed upon the subject matter.
 Chapter 4- Data analysis and findings- In this particular chapter, researcher
demonstrates that the data has been collected using primary and secondary sources. Thus,
such chapter helps in analysing the collected data. Here, scholar aims to obtain
appropriate outcomes from the dissertation and thus gain best results.
 Chapter 5- Conclusion and Recommendations- It is the last chapter of dissertation and
thus evaluates the outcomes of the research. Here, the overall conclusion needs to be
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gained after analysing t he data collected. In this section, it provides recommendations as
well on the particular topic so that issues can be overcome.
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CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Motivation within employees is one of the important aspect that has to be considered and
this is essential for HR manager to make sure that it is satisfied. With this respect, there are
different set of strategies which are implemented with an aim to make sure that workers are
encouraged and boosted up (Sherman, Hartson and Cohen, 2013). All employees have their own
characteristics which is different from each others. There are diverse expectation among mind of
people. In this context, it is the responsibility of managers to trigger them out and develop a plan
with the help of which organization will be able to provide their customers with high quality
services. As per the current research, it will cover all link between organizational performance
and motivational theories. For this purpose, Next Plc is taken into consideration. In this chapter,
investigator will cover all the different type of strategies, theories and models that are used by
different organizations to make sure that workers get motivated. It will enable to develop
understanding towards this topic and diverse set of techniques that can be implemented by cited
firm to boost up the moral of employees.
2.2 Employee Motivation
According to Deshpandé, Grinstein and Ofek, 2013 “motivation can be determined as a
state in which a person feels boost up or encouraged to performance due to any type of thing is
done by him /her that makes them use their full potential” (Deshpandé, Grinstein and Ofek,
2013). In other works, it makes a person happy and love the things that they perform. As per
Khan, Ali and Safdar, 2015 “there are many organizations that provide their customers with
similar products and services” (Khan, Ali and Safdar, 2015). In this context, these organizations
aim at developing their customers with high quality services so that they will be able to satisfied
their customers. Ultimate aim of any firm to gain maximum profit and this is only possible when
they are able to understand their customers needs and requirements and to provide them services
accordingly. In this context, it includes areas in which improvement is required includes sales
planning, promotion, distribution, etc. (Lepper and Greene, 2015). For all these aspects or areas,
it is important for management to have skilful and capable workers who can support their firm in
achieving their goals and objectives. Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright, 2013 stated that “there are
many cases in which organization face losses among which one of the main reasons is due to

lack of motivation” (Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright, 2013). When workers are not motivated,
then they fail to make use of their full capability in order to support their firm. As per the study,
it has been identified that there are different reasons due to which workers get demotivation. In
order to encourage, there are many types of basic needs that should be considered and that
should be satisfied. Below given are few reasons due to which workers get demotivated:
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Environment: As per Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford, 2014 “to perform any task, it is essential
that one have a healthy environment in which they will be able to perform their roles and
responsibilities effectively and efficiently” (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford, 2014). When there no
proper services that should have been provided by organization, then it becomes as issue for the
management and workers. With this respect, it is important that management make sure that all
the basic services are provided to workers and this can be determined as one of the reasons due
to which employees can be motivated.
Lack of communication: Communication is one of the most important element that makes
the workers boosted. There are many benefits that management gets when there is proper
interaction. Real, Roldán and Leal, 2014 stated that “commination enables to develop trust and
confidence among mind of employees and they work effectively” (Real, Roldán and Leal, 2014).
On the other hand, for the area of customers and employees relationship, communication is also
highly important. It enables the workers to understand the needs and requirement of customers.
Accordingly, services are provided. Moreover, it has been found that a motivated workers is able
to satisfy customers more when compared with employees who is demotivated. When there is no
proper interaction, then they do not understand the type of skills and capabilities that other
possess. It is true that people learn from others (Hopp and Stephan, 2012). If there is not
interaction, then it affects the performance as there will be no proper coordination.
Ineffective leadership: According to Lijun, Chieh and Sengui, 2014 “leaders are the one
who make sure that workers perform their roles and responsibilities with their full efficiency and
support the organization” (Lijun, Chieh and Sengui, 2014). There are conditions in which
employees fail work effectively and this is due to skilfulness of leaders. Have close interaction
with their followed and they should share their experience which boost up the moral. When
leaders not perform their roles that should have been performed, then it affects the growth of the
organization. As per Vanpoucke, Quintens and Van Engelshoven, 2016 “there are different type
of skills that a leader should posses and if they do not perform their roles properly, then
employees get demotivated” (Vanpoucke, Quintens and Van Engelshoven, 2016).
Lack of understanding: There are cases in which workers get demotivated as they do not
understand their roles and responsibilities. They have confusion regrading the job that has to be
performed by them. When there confusion over the roles, then it becomes difficult to satisfy
customers and to support the firm in different ways.
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Lack of training and development: As per Ashkanasy, Bennett and Martinko, 2016
“training and development can be defined as the process which makes the employees to enhance
their skills and capabilities” (Ashkanasy, Bennett and Martinko, 2016). Generally training is
provided to those people who are hired newly and they do not have proper knowledge about the
operations that are played at this organization. However, there are certain conditions in which
even after proving proper training workers do not get benefited. This is because, training should
be provided when the areas in which improvement required is identified. When training is
provided without any type of proper plan, then it causes loss as management has to spend highly
over hiring professionals who can support the firm. Most importantly time is highly consumed in
training and so it is important that management make sure that training is provided as per the
requirement of employees. According to Calabrese, Costa and Menichini, 2013 “confidence
raises motivation level. It enables to develop a feeling that the task provided will be completed
within given time” (Calabrese, Costa and Menichini, 2013). Lack of confidence make employee
unworthy and they fail to make their on decision. However, when one gets to know their roles
and responsibilities, then it becomes helpful in order to perform their part of role and they also
develop confidence what every type of tasks are provided to them.
Discrimination: It is one of the major issues that are faced by employees within
organization. There are many different type of laws that are made by government of around the
world to make sure that people are not being discriminated (Menges, Tussing and Grant, 2016).
However, one of the aim area in which discrimination take place is difference in culture. People
make use of different languages as in an organization diverse people work together and this
creates issues in understanding the things which others want to convey.
Stress: There are cases in which employees get demotivated due to work load. There is
minimum expectation that an employee has towards the work they perform. They have
developed and made up their mind that this is the expected work that they should perform.
However, when they are given more work, then the willingness and interest gets reduced and
they get demotivated (Shields., Brown and Plimmer, 2015). With this respect, it is important that
organization or management needs to make use of different set of strategies that will be able to
reduce the stress and work can be managed.
As per my perception, it can be stated that the main reason according to me for
demotivation is when basic needs are not satisfied. In this context, it includes salary, healthy and
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safety, proper incentives, etc. When management make sure that all these aspects are fulfilled,
then it is helpful enough to motivate workers and to improve their performance level. It is helpful
to motivate as there are basic expectations that each individual has from their life and with time
it increases. With this respect, it can be stated that compared with any other theories, fulfilled
basic requirement is effective enough to motivate workers.
According to Wu and Lu, 2012 “due to these factors there are many negative effects that
is faced by organization” (Wu and Lu, 2012). In this context, one of the major issues faced by
firm due to lack of motivation is high employee turnover. High turnover rate can determined as
one of the major issues that are faced by management. Further, another issue includes absence of
workers. When employees do come to work, then the work that has to performed by them is
shifted to others. As a result, the work load increases as they have to do the role of employees
who are absent and their own role.
As per the areas that has been covered in the motivational, it includes different type of
issues that are faced by organization and it has many negative impact over the firm. Management
needs to make sure that they will be able to identify the motivational factors with the help of
which workers can be boosted up or encouraged. According to Jayawarna, Rouse and Kitching,
2013 “if there are about 2 people out of 5 who are demotivated, then the other three who are
motivated will also get affected” (Jayawarna, Rouse and Kitching, 2013). As per the survey, it
has been found that due to people who are demotivated, the work or performance of others also
gets affected. In case of newly hired workers for the organization are highly helpful in boosting
up other worker's performance. This is because, new workers will support the firm and will make
sure that they make use of their full capability to satisfy their managers and this is helpful to
encourage other employees (Deshpandé, Grinstein and Ofek, 2013). Lack of motivation reduces
expectation level, when a role is performed, then there are certain perception that can be level of
outcome but when there is demotivation the level of expectation is low.
These are the basic issues that are faced by organization when employees are
demotivated. It is important the firm develop strategies that will be able to overcome these
issues. Workers are the face of company as they are the one who have direct interaction with
customers. They present the services and products that are delivered by the firm to customers.
With this respect, Wiengarten, Pagell and Fynes, 2013 stated that “employees can be termed as
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most important assess of the organization that help to complete the business operations
effectively and to attract more and more customers” (Wiengarten, Pagell and Fynes, 2013).
2.3 Importance of employee motivation
For all the organization, motivation is very important. Employees will get to stay longer
in same firm. As per Eijdenberg, Paas and Masurel, 2015 “motivation is one of the important
part in managerial functions” (Eijdenberg, Paas and Masurel, 2015). The success of a manager
depends upon their motivated workers. In this context, there is close relationship between
performance and motivated With this respect, below given are importance of motivation for
employees:
Provides profitable operations: as per Bastons, Mas and Rey, 2016 “motivation is an
important tool which is helpful to lead the firm to profitable operations” (Bastons, Mas and Rey,
2016). All the duties that are provided to motivated workers are done effectively and efficiently.
It enables to develop a sense of self development within employees and this enables to contribute
for the best utilization of all the resources which are used in the organization in order to make the
raw material into finished goods. With this respect, it includes money, materials, machines, man
power, etc. Resources are very important for the firm in order to deliver the services. When
resources are used effectively, then it helps the management to provide the products or services
at low price (Khan, Ali and Safdar, 2015). For any customers, price can be determined as one of
the important factors that affects the buying behaviour of customers.
High level of productivity: Working efficiency of employees gets improved with the help
of motivation. Moreover, they also improve the working efficiency. When workers raised their
performance level, then it positivity affects the productivity and also raises production
(Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright, 2013). When performance is improved, then it also provides
the firm with the opportunity to make their business expand to new market. There are many
markets around the world in which business can be expended. It will help to raise their profit and
provide better services to their customers. Motivation boost up the moral of workers and
develops coordination's and this way they get to know each other and this reduces the rate of
conflict. Moreover, one gets to help the firm in achieving their goals and objectives. It also helps
to compete effectively with other organizations that provide their customers with similar
products and services (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford, 2014).
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Best remedy for the resistance to change: It is important to have changes in
organizational structure and management system in order to adjust the business activities and
organization as the changes that take place in the environment. There are cases in which
management make changes in the policies that they were using. In this type of situation, it
becomes difficult for some of the people to get adopted or adjust with the changes that
management wants to implemented. In this context, when employees are provided with the
opportunity to provide their valuable suggestions, then it helps to motivate workers. They way
develop a feeling of importance within their mind (Real, Roldán and Leal, 2014). Most of the
people think about the security and stability and people who are motivated have proper
knowledge about the outcomes that they will get through the change. The changes implement are
effectively applied by workers who are motivated and management do not face any type of issue.
Effective use of human resources: Human resource is the most important part within the
organization as they have direct interaction with customers. They are the one who present the
services and products to customers (Lijun, Chieh and Sengui, 2014). In other words, they are the
active factor for production and they are also responsible to make use of the resources. In this
context, motivation can be determined as the most important tool to develop willingness for
work in the best way. In addition to this, they also make use of their skills and develop strategies
which will enable them to enhance their performance level and to support the firm to achieve
their goals and objectives.
There are certain set of skills and capabilities that workers possess but they do not implement
them due to lack of understanding and willingness (Vanpoucke, Quintens and Van Engelshoven,
2016). However, when they get motivated, then workers try to find out the areas in which
improvement can be made and better services can be provided to customers.
Satisfaction of employees: Work gets negatively affected with employees do not work
effectively. As per van Nunspeet, Ellemers and Derks, 2015 “satisfaction to workers is an
essential aspect for the growth of the organization” (Nunspeet, Ellemers and Derks, 2015). There
are many expectations of employees from the organization but when management work towards
raise motivation of employees, then it enables to develop moral support or morality to them.
When workers develop morality, then their dedication also raises. This way the roles and
responsibilities that are provided to them are performed with more willingness. As per the
findings, it can be stated that workers get motivated with two different aspects that includes non-
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financial and financial facilities. With this respect, financial facilities are important to satisfy
basic requirement and also to fulfil physiological needs (Ashkanasy, Bennett and Martinko,
2016). Promotion on the basis of experience and efficiency is highly beneficial for social needs.
Reduces strikes and disputes: In most of the organizations, there are conditions in which
management face issues in relation with conflicts and disputes and strikes. Conflicts generally
arise when there are differences in arguments among employees. Strikes happen when there is
difference among the thinking perception of management and workers. All these factors have
negative impact over the organization. Gerhart and Fang, 2015 stated that “motivation is an
important tool in order to maintain coordination and to develop harmony among management
and workers” (Gerhart and Fang, 2015). In addition to this, it also helps in reducing disputes and
misunderstanding among employees and management. Further, when there is transparency for all
the internal matters, then it helps to stimulate the perform of work among employees. When staff
develop their knowledge, then they are able to identify more about the type of services that they
have to perform.
Basis of coordination: For coordination, motivation is important for members within the
firm. Employees who are motivated are able to develop better understanding for the work they
perform and for other members in the organization (Calabrese, Costa and Menichini, 2013). All
the problems that arise among workers are resolved. With this respect, employees will put on
their efforts so that they will be able to overcome the barriers that is stopping them to perform
their job. However, difference among approaches comes due to lack of interaction and
coordination. Through motivation, coordination is improved and they are able to make
employees work with common goal. Coordination develop attitude of team spirit and they all
combine their efforts towards similar aim and objectives and so organization raise gets benefited.
Stability of workforce: as per Cherian and Jacob, 2013 “stable workforce and motivation
is very important for the organization” (Cherian and Jacob, 2013). In this context, motivation is
helpful to facilitate indirect and direct workforces. In order to get better opportunities, workers
leave the organization ad they developing a feeling that this will help them to grow but the truth
is that they are not able to adjust with the type of roles and responsibility that has to be
performed by them. On the other hand, people who are motivated do not leave the firm and so
other workers do not feel burdened. It is important that organization make sure that all type of
tools and services are being provided by the firm to their employees (Wu and Lu, 2012).
8

Achievement of organizational goals: All the organizations have developed their own
goals and objectives. This is generally done in order to make sure that they will be able to
develop path on which they can achieve them. Employees can focus over these objectives when
they are motivated and special when they think these objectives as their personal goals. When
workers put on their combined efforts, then they are able to make optimum utilization of
resources. They way firm gets benefited as they are able to deliver their products and services at
low cost or price and that also with high quality (Jayawarna, Rouse and Kitching, 2013). This
way it can be started that motivated employees contribute effectively towards the development
and growth of the organization.
Minimizes supervision cost: In order to make a product in to finished goods, there are
different set of stages that are involved. For all the stages, there are people how work together to
make sure that work is done effectively and efficiently. In this respect, when workers are
motivated, then at each level employees will make sure that they make sure of the resources
properly (Wiengarten, Pagell and Fynes, 2013.). This way the cost of all the products and
services gets reduced because of optimum use of resources.
With this above given importance, it can be stated that motivation is essential in order to
workers perform with their full efficiency and effectiveness. Further, it also enables to raise the
profitability and growth of the organization.
As per my perception, it can be stated that main importance of motivation is effectiveness
in understanding needs and requirement of customers. When all requirements are fulfilled, then it
becomes helpful enough to make sure that firm achieve their desired goals and objectives.
Further, this is an effective source through which strong customers base can be developed.
Employees requirement should also be considered as they are the one who present the products
and services. When requirements are satisfied, then they put on their full effort to support the
organization in achieving their goals and objectives.
2.4 Motivational theories and approaches
According to Hayati and Caniago, 2012 “with time, there are many changes that tool
place within the needs and requirements of employees” (Hayati and Caniago, 2012). Further,
management understand that customers are the king and they have to be satisfied and this is
possible when services are provided to them effectively and efficiently by employees. With this
respect, there are different set of theories and approaches that are developed by diverse
9

researchers in order to make workers motivated. In this context, it includes theories like
Maslow's hierarchy of need, Theory X and Theory Y and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. All
these theories work with a common goal to make sure that employees are motivated and
encouraged. Below given are the theories that will enable to boost up the performance and
motivation level of workers within the organization:
Maslow's hierarchy of need: It is a type of theory which was developed in the year 1943
by Abraham Maslow. This theory covers all the essential areas through which workers can be
motivated. It enables to understand the people, their behaviour and they way that can positively
affect the performance of workers (Eijdenberg, Paas and Masurel, 2015). With this respect, there
are about five stages of need that has to be covered in order to satisfy the conditions of this
model to make workers encouraged. These five stages are as follows:
Physiological need: This can be determined as the basic requirement which a person
wants. As per this need, it is important that organization make sure that basic requirement like
food, water, shelter, clothing, etc. are satisfied (Bastons, Mas and Rey, 2016). Moreover,
specifically, firm should make sure that their workers are provided with basic salary so that they
will be able to satisfy their basic needs and requirements. When management provide their basic
salary that also as per the expectation of staff members, then this highly motivate workers.
Safety needs: This is a type of aspect in which management should make sure that proper
security is provided to workers. In this context, it includes providing them with tools that will
help them to perform their roles and to provide customers with high quality services (van
Nunspeet, Ellemers and Derks, 2015). In addition to this, it also requires security of life and
services like pension. These are helpful to develop confidence and they will get motivated.
Moreover, there should be implementation of law so that the business environment is stable.
Love and belongingness: This stage focus to make sure that workers have proper
interaction with their subordinates. Further, it is also important that proper time is given to
employees so that they will be able to manage their time with families or friends. When there is
proper interaction, then it helps to develop trust and confidence among mind of workers (Gerhart
and Fang, 2015). There are cases in which when employers have proper interaction, then workers
share issues that are faced by them. This way when changes are make as per the requirement,
then it helps to motivate workers.
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Self-Esteem: When an employee perform same set of roles and responsibilities, then there
are chances that they get demotivated. In order to satisfy this need, management needs to provide
workers with additional roles and responsibilities so that they get encouraged (Cherian and
Jacob, 2013). Further, it also includes taking suggestion from them as it develop a feeling of
importance. This help to develop confidence, increases level of respect among worker, etc. It
encourages and boost up the moral of workers and they support the firm in achieving the goals
and objectives.
Self-actualization: There are certain set of goals that are developed by individuals and
they work in order to achieve them (Hayati and Caniago, 2012). In this context, it is important
for the management that they develop plan so that they will be able to support employees so that
their aims and objectives can be achieved. Each worker have their own part of skills and
capabilities or specific area in which they are good at. When management provide them the
opportunity to work as per their needs, then it helps to motivate and encourage workers.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory: This theory was developed in the year 1959 by
Frederick Herzberg. In accordance with this theory there are certain job factors which are helpful
to satisfy employees (Giesbers, Rienties and Gijselaers, 2015). On the other hand, there are some
of the factors that dissatisfy employees. In this context, this theory is been divided into two
categories which are hygiene factor and motivational factors. Explanation for these factors are as
follows:
Hygiene factors: This can be determined as those factors which are important for the
existence of motivation at work. However, these factors do not lead to satisfaction for long
period but if these are not present, then it leads to dissatisfaction (Torres and Sidorova, 2015).
This can be determined as the basic tool in which one requires in order to make sure that the
roles is being performed effectively and efficiently. It aims to cover all the area through which
on gets motivated. With this respect, it includes salary, status, job security, fringe benefits, etc.
For salary, management should provide salary as per the expectations so that workers will be
able to satisfy their basic requirements. Further, it includes company and administrative policies.
These are cases in which employees do not feel comfortable to follow the policies if they are
rigid. However, it is essential that it should be clear and fair. More specifically, it should include
breaks, flexible working hours, vacations, etc. (Crossley, Cooper and Wernsing, 2013).
Moreover, there should have fringe benefits in which management should offer their workers
11

with health care plans and it should also include benefit to family members. Organization should
focus on developing the status. All people prefer to get respect and care from the place they
work. For this purpose, there needs to have proper interaction or communication so that they will
be able to get healthy environment. Similarly, there are certain areas that should be considered
and needs to be satisfied.
Motivational factor: These factors are helpful to make sure that employees get motivated
and they perform with their full efficiency (Sherman, Hartson and Cohen, 2013). In other words,
it is helpful to yield positive satisfaction. There are many benefits that management and they are
also able to make sure that they provide their customers with high quality services. As per this
theory, these factors are also known as satisfiers. Unlike hygiene, motivational factors are
involved in performing tasks or the job that is provided to them. In this context, it includes
factors like responsibility. After certain period of time, management will make provide
employees will additional responsibilities that help them encourage and get boosted up towards
the work their perform (Lepper and Greene, 2015). Additional work develops sense of
seriousness and pride for employees. Further, it includes recognition and it is helpful to develop
self status within the organization. In this context, it includes management to praise the worker
as per their performance. There are conditions in which employees do not understand the main
causes or aim of their work. However, when they are conveyed and made then understand the
objectives and their roles then they develop interest and they work with their full efficiency.
Theory X and Theory Y: This theory was developed by McGregor in the year 1960. as
per this theory, there are two different aspects for human behaviour within work place (Hopp and
Stephan, 2012). In other words, this can be compared with different views of individuals. In this
context, as per one of the aspect, workers think negatively and others think positively. Moreover,
division of employees is done as per the perception they have over work or the roles that they
perform. Below given are the division done as per assumptions:
Assumptions of Theory X: As per this assumption, workers do not like their work and aim
at running off from the tasks that are provided to them (Shields, Brown and Plimmer, 2015). The
interest of work and support is very low. They prefer to work only when they are interest or
when they get highly benefited. In such situation, it is important that management warn them or
some cases even punish in order to achieve their goals and objectives of the organization.
Moreover, these workers are supervised and all the areas in which they lack are listed out.
12

Further, firm will develop and plan training program with the help of which they will be able to
enhance their understanding perform effectively and efficiently. There are workers who think
that job security is more important and they have less of interest or ambition (Menges, Tussing
and Grant, 2016). These workers do not take up responsibilities and do not involve in any type of
decision making. In addition to this, they are highly resistant to changes and do not contribute to
development of the organization.
Assumption of Theory Y: According to this assumption, these workers are characterised in
this area as they love their work, take responsibilities and they have developed their mind that
the role they perform make them relaxed and they enjoy doing it. Moreover, they make sure of
their full capability to support the firm in achieving organizational goals and objectives
(Hoogendoorn, Oosterbeek and Van Praag, 2013). These employees make use of self direction
and self control only if they are dedicated. In case, the services provided to workers is rewarding
and satisfying, then employees become committed and loyal towards the firm. Management
focus on providing their workers with proper training so that they will be able to enhance their
performance and contribute effectively.
Comparing these motivational theories, from my perception, it can be stated that the
Maslow's hierarchy of need is one of the effective theories. This is because, it covers all the
essential areas with the help of workers can be motivated. More specifically, there are five needs
in which the theory is divided and when all these needs are considered, then it becomes helpful
enough to boost up the moral workers and this way performance will also be raised. On the other
hand, other theories are effective and helpful to motivate workers but Maslow's hierarchy of need
helps to fulfil basic requirements of employees.
2.5 Link between business performance and motivational theories
As per Torres and Sidorova, 2015 “business performance can be improved when there is
skilful and knowledgable workers” (Torres and Sidorova, 2015). To make sure that employees
work effectively, it is important that they consider and identify the factors which are helpful to
boost up the moral so that work can be done efficiently. Both motivation and business
performance have close link with each other. When any type of motivational theory is
implemented, then it requires a process that has to be considered by management. With this
respect, organization focus on providing their workers will all type of services as per their
requirement and so they get encouraged and motivated. As stated above, there are different type
13

of motivational theories that are implement within firm and all the theories depend upon the
efforts that are made by firm and employees. According to Giesbers, Rienties and Gijselaers,
2013 “there are organizations that provide their customers with similar products and services”
(Giesbers, Rienties and Gijselaers, 2013). Moreover, there are firms that which are spread around
the world and compete effectively towards its competitors. There are conditions in which the
branch at a market may be performing highly well but the same firm will not be getting same
amount of profit in other market. There are many reasons due to which this type of issues arise.
With this respect, it includes low quality, high price, ineffective workers, etc. All these factors
can be determined as the main reasons but the issues in relation with employees can be solved by
understanding the areas in which workers lack (Hoogendoorn, Oosterbeek and Van Praag, 2013).
They will be able to provide them proper training. Further, there are different type of strategies
that can be implemented by the firm in order to improve the performance. Among which one of
the effective way to motivate employees. It will help the firm to make optimum use of resources
and to deliver their customers with high quality services. There are other system that are
implemented by companies in order to make workers motivated. In this context, it includes
monitory and non-monitory rewards. Crossley, Cooper and Wernsing, 2013 stated that “rewards
are helpful to make workers develop curiosity and an erg to develop their performance in order
to get the reward” (Crossley, Cooper and Wernsing, 2013). There are different ways through
which performance can be enhanced but when there is competition or a willingness to compete
with other makes to develop healthy environment in which one can perform and support the firm.
In monitory rewards, management aim at providing their workers with incentives or increment in
salary, etc. These are helpful to make sure that work that has been performed can be enhanced so
as to reach out these monitory rewards, workers will put on their full efforts and make sure that
they reach them (Hoogendoorn, Oosterbeek and Van Praag, 2013). There are many benefits that
management gets through effective business performance. These are helpful in order make the
organization develop plan with the help of which they will be able to achieve their goals and
objectives. Employees are able to understand the ultimate goal of firm and this way it becomes
easy for workers to set up their goals with the help of which customers can be provided with high
quality services. On the other hand, there are other motivational techniques like non-monitory
rewards Deshpandé, Grinstein and Ofek, 2013). This is a type of system in which workers are
provided with rewards in which they are not provided any type of gifts but they are physiological
14

satisfaction which makes the staff members motivated. In this context, it includes providing
holidays, informal meetings, verbal appreciation, etc. There are helpful to make workers
encouraged and in order to get these type of rewards they work hard and aim at putting on their
full efforts with the help of which they can raise the sales.
According to Khan, Ali and Safdar, 2015 “performance of business can be evaluated in
many ways among which one of the best way is through the total sales that has been made by the
firm” (Khan, Ali and Safdar, 2015). On monthly basis, organization make proper evaluation of
the sales that they have made. This is helpful to identify weather they are facing losses or gaining
profit. The performance of each and every worker is very important and they all need to be
analysed by the organization. This is helpful in know the areas in which they lack. As per
Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright, 2013 “there are different set of strategies that are implemented
by the organization with an aim to make sure that they can improve their performance”
(Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright, 2013). With this respect, there are some of the strategies that
are helpful to improve the performance as well as it also make sure that workers get motivated.
In this context, it includes training to workers who are not able to perform their roles and
responsibilities effectively and efficiently. Training enables to develop positive perception
among mind of employees towards the job they perform. It also enables to understand their
customers and in delivering them services accordingly. Motivation helps them to make proper
self-evaluation and they themselves understand the issues and develop strategies that will help
them to improve or enhance their skills (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford, 2014). Further, there are
strategies that help management yo know the perception of workers. With this respect, there is
360 degree feedback, scorecard, etc. that take suggestions from employees at all the areas and
help the firm to know what all changes they can make in order to motivate and encourage
workers. There are conditions in which even after implementing these strategies, management do
not get the desired result and this is because employees do not take or show seriousness towards
it. In such conditions, it is essential that they have effective or proper interaction. This is helpful
to develop trust and confidence among mind of workers. With this respect, they share their issues
or problems faced by them. This can be determined as another way motivating workers.
From all the above given analysis, it can be stated that motivation is one of the most
important factor that enables to improve the performance of workers. In this context, there are
15

different type of theories and strategies that are implemented so that moral of employees can be
boosted up and high quality services can be provided to customers.
16

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology is considered as one of the main research instrument for any study
as it involves varied number of tools and techniques for accomplishing the study. Such type of
methods play a significant role in gathering information regarding link between motivational
theories and business performance. It involves different types of tools and techniques such as
design, data collection and data analysis technique, research limitation and ethical consideration
(Saunders and Bezzina, 2015). However, it is considered as one of the crucial chapter which
helps in overcoming the identified research problem and obtain significant results for
accomplishing the study. It also involves varied research methods which are effective and thus
helps researcher to carry out in-depth research upon considering different motivational theories
that is linked to improve business performance. Researcher aim to comprise proper research
methods, philosophy and techniques so that investigation could be accomplished effectively.
Here, researcher selects various data collection methods to collect information from different
sources. Also, identifying the research type is crucial for scholar to assess that whether research
is qualitative or quantitative. Apparently, this particular chapter also consists of different
methods for collecting information regarding the specific research and analyse the data to obtain
significant outcomes. Hence, methodology of the particular research is also considered as one of
the crucial chapter for accomplishing the research effectively (Ostrowski, Helfert and Gama,
2014).
3.2 Research philosophy
Research philosophy is considered as the belief of researcher regarding the way that how
data will be collected, examined and analysed. It also assists scholar to analyse the sources which
helps in developing knowledge and nature of the study. However, selecting appropriate research
philosophy would result in impacting on the end results of the assessed research topic.
Philosophies are considered as the actual phenomenon of the subject matter upon which
researcher aims to carry out the whole research (Lee, 2014). Here, an in-depth investigation is
being conducted to assess the link between motivational theories and attaining business
performance. It involves two types of research philosophy i.e. positivism and interpretivism.

Positivism research philosophy aims to carry out the study through focusing upon
assessing the objectives of the research. It also helps in focusing upon discovering the false facts
from the particular research title. Positivism research is carried out in a structural way which
helps in combining logical adjustment while carrying out the experiential observations.
However, positivism research philosophy helps researcher to gain only important information
which has been collected from observations (Coleman and Ringrose, 2013). Thus, it decreases
the role of the investigator to just collect data and interpret to draw appropriate conclusion.
Positivism research philosophy also helps in attaining objective approach related to conducting
investigation and obtain the best solutions for the topic. Also, there is no provision within the
study for involving humans within the data collection as well as any other part in the study.
Further, interpretivism philosophy focuses upon the subjective part of the study and
involves different theories and models. Moreover, it also involves human beings within the study
because it is essential to rely upon how researcher interprets the information obtained through the
particular research (Ahmad and et. al., 2014). However, the gained outcomes from such
philosophy becomes realistic and thus give essential information regarding research questions. In
such type of research philosophy, individual cannot be separated out from their particular
knowledge. It is as similar as the researcher could not be separated from their research topic
otherwise it would affect the outcomes. Thus, the findings from such particular study is valid and
reliable and attain desired results.
However, in the present dissertation, positivism philosophy has been selected that helps
researcher to attain desired aims and objectives. Also, it is essential for scholar to accomplish the
current research regarding assessing the link between motivational theories and attain business
performance. Such philosophy is also used by the scholar to generate and test the framed
hypothesis. It also helps in covering different information related to the aim and objective and
thus attain end outcomes (Jensen, 2013).
3.3 Research design
It can be assessed as the overall tactic that aids researcher to involve different elements of
the study in an logical way. However, it enables researcher to address the research problem
effectively and efficiently. Research design is considered as the blueprint for collecting and
assessing the data. It also helps in preparing an outline regarding how the research would be
taken into place (Stanley, 2013). Further, research design also helps in obtaining factual
2

information regarding the selected topic. It involves three different types of research design i.e.
descriptive, exploratory and experimental research design.
Descriptive research design is considered as the theoretical analysis and thus it is useful
for the scholar for carrying out any theory based research. It also helps in defining the
characteristics of the population which is being a part of the research and thus useful for those
subjects in which description could be given and attain end outcomes (Kim and et. al., 2015).
Descriptive research design also helps in highlighting the current issues assessed within the
study. The main reason behind such research design is that it helps in defining the situation more
effectively and efficiently.
Further, exploratory research design is another method through which researcher explores
the different questions and thus reaches to a find conclusion on the findings. It aids in
determining the research problem and thus understand it effectively in regard to overcome the
issues within the research (Collison and Marchesseault, 2016). Moreover, experimental research
design tends to change within the findings or nature of the participant involved within the
research. Within this, scholar assign respondents to equal situations and thus maintain proper
monitoring over variables involved in research. Thus, for this researcher aims to think over the
variables so that the chosen research design would help in answering the research questions.
Such type of research design is generally used by scholar in regard to gain the best knowledge
about the subject matter and thus investigate the findings to attain results (Zumitzavan and
Michie, 2015).
In the current dissertation, descriptive research design has been selected which helps in
collecting crucial factual information and thus aids in describing the present phenomenon.
Researcher will focus upon applying descriptive research design that helps them to construct
questionnaire and thus analyse the facts and knowledge in regard to assess the impact of
motivational theories as well as its link between motivation and business performance
(Hammersley, 2015).
3.4 Research approach
Research approach is stated as the best technique that would result in carrying out study
either in general or specific way. Thus, it is one of the effective master plan that identifies the
varied methods and process through data could be collected and analyse the same. It is the best
way through which existing theory and principles could be assessed in regard to improve the
3

knowledge and understanding (Kumar, 2016). It involves specific two types of research approach
i.e. inductive ad deductive. Inductive research approach is stated as the way through which new
theories are being developed on the basis of available data or information. Also, there is no
hypothesis formed in the study and researcher feels free to change or alter the direction of the
study after the research process has commenced. Main aim of inductive research approach is to
obtain meaningful results with the help of collecting primary information through different
sources of information (Harley and et. al., 2015).
Further, another approach is deductive research approach that plays a crucial role in
testing existing theories which is relevant to the research title. It helps in developing an
interconnection with the developed hypothesis regarding the research title and assess different
theories and models so that appropriate research strategy could be developed. It also helps in
testing the framed hypothesis and attain final outcome. Thus, it carries out research from
particular to general (Melendez-Torres, Bonell and Thomas, J2015).
In the present research, inductive research approach is being used which helps in
developing a theory based upon the results of data analysis. Thus, it is the best way through
which researcher would be able to identify the link between motivational theories and attaining
business performance. It also does not aim to develop hypothesis and thus researcher aims to
alter the direction of the study and thus best outcomes can be attained in regard to collect
information from different sources of information (Hornung and et. al., 2015).
3.5 Research strategy
It is essential for every research to possess an appropriate strategy or technique in regard
to attain desired objectives. Here, in regard to analyse the link between motivational theories and
business performance needs to obtain effective research strategy tools. It involves two different
types of research strategy that could be used by scholar i.e. qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative research strategy aims to focus upon different theories and models in regard to
provide help to understand the research subject effectively and efficiently (Bryman, 2014). Also,
it is considered as an appropriate strategy to identify the subjective idea of the research topic.
Further, another research strategy is quantitative and thus it aids in conducting and analysing the
research using different statistical and mathematical approach. However, it is stated as an
effective tool that helps in analysing the collected information effectively. Moreover, within
qualitative research it helps scholar to obtain more detailed information in the form theoretical
4

models and framework. While, quantitative research helps in collecting information through
measuring and analysing the given data through using statistical tools and techniques. Both the
given research strategy aids in overcoming the research issue and attain desired results (Saunders
and Bezzina, 2015).
In the present dissertation, researcher selects qualitative research strategy which helps
them to undertake different theories and models that can provide help in easily understanding the
research and obtain desired results. Thus, adopting such research technique is suitable for scholar
to undertake different theoretical models and framework in regard to identify the link within
motivational theories and business performance (Ostrowski, Helfert and Gama, 2014).
3.6 Data collection methods
Data collection can be termed as the crucial step in regard to understand and overcome
research issue in an effective way. There are different data collection methods i.e. primary and
secondary sources. Both these techniques helps in collecting data or information that could be
used in regard to carry out research (Lee, 2014). Primary data collection helps in collecting new
and fresh information which is not collected previously regarding the study. Further, secondary
data collection method helps to collect information which is already been researched in past
time. Also, it is termed as second hand information that other researcher had used in their study.
Here, both the methods are being used in the present dissertation in regard to collect facts and
information which helps in identifying the link between motivational theories and business
performance (Ahmad and et. al., 2014).
In the present dissertation, researcher collects primary data through using survey method
and thus it is the best way through which information can be collected regarding link within
motivational theories and business performance. Also, primary method enables scholar to collect
prominent, authentic and quality information regarding the selecting research. While preparing
survey, researcher aims to develop a well structured questionnaire which possess both open and
close ended questions regarding identifying the link within motivational theories and business
performance (Jensen, 2013). All the questions framed within survey are based upon research
questions and objectives. Therefore, primary data collection helps in providing fresh and new
information regarding assessing the link between motivational theories and organizational
performance. Further, secondary data collection methods uses different sources which are
already available with the researcher and thus scholar aims to review already available sources
5

such as books, articles, literatures ad web information available regarding Next Plc internal
company records. All these secondary sources helps in providing useful insight in regard to
understand the research problem and thus making final hypothesis to attain research objectives
(Collison and Marchesseault, 2016).
3.7 Sampling
Sampling is considered as the approach through which researcher is able to collect target
population from the whole universe. Thus, such selected population would be useful for carrying
out research. Through carrying out the above analysis regarding primary data collection which is
beneficial for collecting new and fresh data (Zumitzavan and Michie, 2015). Therefore, in order
to identify this, researcher needs to be select sample from whole universe. Here, study focuses
upon obtaining information regarding link between motivational theories and business
performance from senior staff of Next Plc. It involves two different techniques for selecting
sample i.e. probability and non probability sampling methods.
In the present dissertation, researcher uses random sampling technique that helps them to
send questionnaire to selected sample of senior managers. As Next Plc is a large multinational
firm and thus it is not possible for investigator to send questionnaire survey to all the senior staff
members, directors and executives (Hammersley, 2015). Here, a sample of 50 senior managers
has been selected which are involved in collected responses. Thus, it aims researcher to assess
both the opportunities and challenges faced by managers in regard to encourage workforce and
attain business objectives. However, sample is being selected with the help of random sampling
technique in regard to mitigate the possibility of biasness. Main reason behind selecting senior
staff member as respondents is that they possess effective knowledge regarding workers
behaviour and attitude. Thus, it helps in gaining proper information regarding identifying the link
between motivational theories and business performance (Kumar, 2016).
3.8 Data analysis
After collecting the information from different sources it is essential for researcher to
examine the same by using different tools and techniques. However, such methods are known as
data analysis tools. It can be stated as the process of interpretation of data that helps in collecting
appropriate outcomes and make final conclusion for the research. Here, qualitative research
strategy is being used which helps in analysing the information and knowledge (Melendez-
Torres, Bonell and Thomas, 2015). Here, qualitative research strategy is being used which helps
6

in analysing the data in the form of adopting thematic analysis. Researcher adopts thematic
analysis in regard to examine the subjective information and attain desired results. Thematic
analysis is the best way through which qualitative research study could be completed effectively.
It consists of different themes, graphical representation and charts and diagrams (Bryman, 2014).
Thus, it helps reader to understand the themes and evaluate the results effectively. In the present
dissertation, qualitative research investigation, frequency tables, percentage and tabulation is
being used in regard to assess and evaluate the results. Further, thematic analysis involves
graphical representation and thus aims to attain best results. Thematic technique of data analysis
helps in presenting the questionnaire efficiently. Also, themes are designed in such a way it helps
scholar to obtain desired survey results and findings (Hornung and et. al., 2015).
Thus, in the current dissertation, thematic analysis is being used which helps in preparing
themes as per the questionnaire and then help researcher to evaluate the outcomes efficiently.
Also, thematic technique is best utilised when qualitative research method is used by the scholar
to present the findings in the form of theoretical models and theories (Kim and et. al., 2015).
3.9 Ethical consideration
Ethical considerations could be stated as one of the effective approach which helps
scholar to identify the difference between right and wrong. Within every research, author needs
to consider ethics and ensure that no unethical practice is being carried out while competing the
study. Here, author focuses upon selecting contemporary research subject upon which various
investigation is being done (Stanley, 2013). Thus, in such type of condition, generally ethical
issues are being identified while collecting primary and secondary information. For instance, at
the time of primary data collection, it is essential for scholar to take proper safety and security to
protect personal information of all the participants. However, if data is leaked than it affects the
viability of the research. Hence, in order to manage such issue it is essential for scholar to
undertake appropriate survey data that is required to determine varied factors that helps in
identifying the link between motivational theories and business performance (Ostrowski, Helfert
and Gama, 2014). Thus, researcher aims to maintain proper safety and security of all personal
information of respondents involved in completing the study. Through maintaining
confidentiality of information leads to securing the data and does not use the content of
unauthorised website. Further, modification and manipulation in collected information needs to
be avoided so that they can attain the best solution of the identified research problem. Also,
7

while using secondary data the main issue arise is of plagiarism. Therefore, in order to minimize
such issue it is essential for researcher to use their own words and does not copy or paste from
any other sources.
3.10 Validity and reliability
Reliability is considered as the way through which assessment done are reliable and thus
it helps scholar to perform the similar investigation upon the situation in order to attain desired
outcome. While, validity assesses that the whole experimental concept aids in meeting the
expected outcomes. In the present research, scholar aims to ensure the validity and reliability of
the data, collected sources or information, data analysis tools etc. Further, in regard to collect
primary data, researcher aims to prepare questionnaire which is reliable because the generated
outcome needs to be free from any manipulation (Ahmad and et. al., 2014). Also, secondary data
collection helps investigator to consider some reliable sources such as part research, articles,
journals etc. Here, proper thematic analysis is being used which helps scholar to identify
appropriate and reliable techniques in relation to attain desired results. In the current dissertation,
it is considered that the research being carried out by scholar needs to be valid and reliable and
thus helps firm to bring positive outcomes so that appropriate results could be attained.
Therefore, it is crucial for them to undertake appropriate sources from which reliable information
is being selected and thus it could not affect the research outcome (Stanley, 2013).
3.11 Research limitation
There are several limitations which needs to be identified by the researcher while
carrying out the research. Thus, it leads to minimize the scope of the study and impacts upon the
research outcomes (Saunders and Bezzina, 2015). Through considering the current dissertation,
researcher faces certain limitations such as-
 Formulating research aim and objectives- It can be assessed that scholar faces certain
issues while formulating the aims and objectives. However, researcher enables to keep
the focus upon the identified research problem. Further it might impact upon the
effectiveness of the research (Ostrowski, Helfert and Gama, 2014).
 Selection of data collection techniques- It is another limitation which is faced by
scholar and thus it affects the researcher in order to identify the selection of appropriate
research methodology. However, if researcher chooses wrong research techniques that it
would impact upon the results of the dissertation (Jensen, 2013).
8

 Implementing the data collection methods- Researcher while carrying out the present
investigation does not able to select and implement the data collection methods
appropriate because individual lacks in experience in the particular field (Kim and et. al.,
2015).
 Limitation of time- Researcher sometimes faces time limitation and thus does not
possess enough time to carry out in-depth research and collect responses from individual
in a particular time frame. However, such problems could be overcome by scholar
through putting extra efforts in regard to meet the set deadline (Collison and
Marchesseault, 2016).
 Limited availability of funds- Also, researcher possess such limitation that there is not
availability of proper funds and thus it is essential for scholar to collect enough amount of
monetary resources so that research could not get affected (Zumitzavan and Michie,
2015).
 Slow responses by the respondents- it assesses that sometimes due to lack of time,
responses given by respondents are very slow as they do not get much time to respond to
the asked questions. Therefore, researcher also uses effective methods to increase more
number of voluntary participation and thus encourages respondents to give true
information when filling the survey questionnaire (Hammersley, 2015).
9

CHAPTER 4– DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
It is another crucial chapter in which discussion has been done upon analysing the data
using different sources so that best results can be attained. However, selecting appropriate
technique for collecting data is essential as it results into obtaining the best information through
analysing results. Here, qualitative data analysis technique has been used in order to carry out
survey based upon link between employee motivation theories and business performance. In the
present study, in order to obtain information, researcher undertakes 50 senior managers from
Next Plc and undertake their responses which is presented in the form of graphs, pie charts etc.
Using thematic analysis for obtaining information helps in achieving desired results.
4.2 Discussion
Theme 1- Extrinsic rewards affects employee performance within Next Plc?
Extrinsic rewards affects employee performance
within Next Plc
Frequency
Strongly agree 15
Agree 12
Neutral 3
Disagree 10
Strongly disagree 10
10

Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Illustration 1: Theme 1
Analysis- It addresses that majority of respondents i.e. 27 out of 50 agrees to the statement that
extrinsic reward is considered as effective as it influences performance of workers within firm.
However, it is crucial for enterprise to identify the significance of extrinsic motivation so that
desired results can be attained. While, there are 3 respondents at neutral position which means
they are neither agree nor disagree with the statement. Further, there are 20 respondents who
evaluates that they strongly disagree to the statement that extrinsic reward improves individual
performance n market. Further, it has been evaluated that there are different motivational
techniques through which employee's performance could be enhanced. Hence, it is significant for
firm to undertake effective extrinsic motivation method in order to raise business productivity
and efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial for firm to undertake effective functions and thus identify
their needs in regard to improve its operations successfully. Hence, it is evident that firm
undertakes effective extrinsic motivation technique so that it raises business efficiency and thus
undertakes effective market share and perform business operations. Thus, it can be evaluated that
enhancing motivation assesses that desired results can be attained. Therefore, business aims to
encourage its workforce in regard to improve performance in market and overcome rivals.
Extrinsic motivation is significant as majority of the respondents assesses that and therefore, it
helps in improving firm's performance.
Theme 2- What type of extrinsic motivation is best adopted by company?
11

What type of extrinsic motivation is best adopted
by company
Frequency
Pay 17
Good working conditions 11
Fringe benefits 6
Promotion and security 10
Others 6
Pay
Fringe benefits
Others
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Column B
Illustration 2: Theme 2
Analysis- It can be stated that there are 17 respondents out of 50 who assesses that pay is the
most effective extrinsic motivation which influences workers in order to perform effectively
within firm. Therefore, it is significant for firm to undertake effective practices which results into
performing desired operations so that best results can be attained. However, identifying extrinsic
motivation method helps workers to improve their motivation and thus results in improving
business productivity in market. While, there are 11 respondents who assess that good working
conditions is considered as the best way which helps in improving worker's performance. Thus,
it is also considered as the best way through which proper working conditions are being provided
12

to employees in order to raise their motivation level and improve productivity within firm.
Further, there are 6 respondents who addresses that fringe benefits is considered as crucial which
results into improving business performance so that desired objectives of firm can be attained.
Hence, all such factors are considered crucial for improving motivation within workers. Further,
there are 10 respondents who assesses that providing promotion and security is also considered
as one of the effective way in terms of providing promotion to workers. Thus, it is also
considered as effective extrinsic motivation method which results into performing the business
functions and thus overcome problems. While, 6 respondents assesses that there are other factors
as well as which influences workers to encourage themselves and thus attain business objectives.
Theme 3- Does intrinsic reward possess any effect upon worker performance?
Does intrinsic reward possess any effect upon
worker performance
Frequency
Strongly agree 19
Agree 11
Neutral 1
Disagree 6
Strongly disagree 13
13

Analysis- It can be identified that 30 respondents are agreed with the fact that intrinsic reward
also helps in motivating workers and thus possess impact upon business performance. However,
it is essential for business to influence workers in the form that they get encouraged with the fact
that that intrinsic reward helps in satisfying the needs of workers in terms of improving business
as well as individual performance in order to attain desired success. While, there is 1 respondent
who is neutral which means they neither agrees nor disagrees to the fact that intrinsic reward
possess any effect upon employees performance. Hence, it is crucial for researcher to obtain
significant information from managers regarding focus of firm towards adopting the best
intrinsic reward and thus enhance its performance so that desired results can be attained. With
the help of such analysis, it could be evaluated that majority of the respondents identifies that
intrinsic reward is the best way through which individual can enhance their motivation and work
towards desired objectives. While, there are 19 respondents who disagrees with the fact that
intrinsic reward signifies the fact that it does not impact upon the performance of workers.
Hence, it is significant for workers to enhance their business performance and work effectively
so that desired results can be attained.
Theme 4- Mainly what type of intrinsic motivation influence workers to enhance business
productivity?
14
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Column B
Illustration 3: Theme 3

Mainly what type of intrinsic motivation
influence workers to enhance business
productivity
Frequency
Recognition 14
Freedom of work 9
Praise from senior managers 27
Recognition
Freedom of work
Praise from senior
managers
Illustration 4: Theme 4
Analysis- It can be evaluated that out of 50 respondents 14 assesses that recognition is
considered as one of the main factor of intrinsic motivation which influences workers to improve
business productivity. Thus, it is considered as an effective way which helps in motivating
workforce to improve business performance and attain desired results. Therefore, it is significant
for firm to identify the ways through which individual gets encouragement and thus results into
carrying out effective productivity and efficiency in market. Further, there are 9 respondents who
evaluates that freedom of work is also considered as another effective intrinsic motivation which
influences employees to improve their performance and raise productivity of firm in market.
However, all such methods are crucial and thus it helps in performing effective results so that set
targets can be attained. While, majority of the respondents i.e. 27 out of 50 considers that praise
from senior managers influences workers to perform in an effective way and thus results in
carrying out effective operations and thus attain desired success. Thus, it can be evaluated that
15

majority of the respondents identifies that getting praise from senior managers influences or
motivates them to perform in an effective way and thus raises the productivity of firm in market.
Hence, it identifies that praise from senior managers is one of the best intrinsic motivation factor
that raise the productivity of workers.
Theme 5- Do you think motivation, either extrinsic or intrinsic being practised by Next Plc helps
workers to get motivated and enhance business performance?
Do you think motivation, either extrinsic or
intrinsic being practised by Next Plc helps
workers to get motivated and enhance business
performance
Frequency
Yes 34
No 10
Cant's say 6
Yes No Can't say
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Column B
Illustration 5: Theme 5
16

Analysis- It can be evaluated that 34 respondents out of 50 identifies that motivation influences
them either it could be extrinsic or intrinsic. Therefore, such type of motivation affects them and
enhance their business performance. It is essential for business to undertake effective practices so
that best results can be carried out. However, majority of the respondents evaluates that it is
essential to provide motivation to workers then it could be either intrinsic or extrinsic and then it
would result into improving business efficiency in market. While, there are 10 respondents who
assesses that such statement is not correct and thus it is essential for workers to get either
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. However, it is crucial for employees to identify their motivation
level which results into improving business operations and then focuses upon achieving desired
results. Therefore, it is crucial for business to provide either intrinsic or extrinsic motivation so
that worker performance could be enhanced towards attaining desired objectives. Further, it
involves 6 respondents who assesses that they are not sure about the motivation level of workers
and how it affects business performance. Thus, it can be assessed that majority of the
respondents says that adopting either extrinsic or intrinsic motivation practices within firm helps
in encouraging workers and therefore, it results in improving business performance in market.
Theme 6- It seems that senior managers of company helps in encouraging staff to work towards
business goals?
It seems that senior managers of company helps
in encouraging staff to work towards business
goals
Frequency
Yes 44
No 6
17

Yes
No
Illustration 6: Theme 6
Analysis- It can be stated that majority of the respondents assesses that senior managers play
significant role in terms of motivating staff and thus helping them to work towards business
goals. Therefore, it is essential for business to enhance the workers capability so that they can
attain desired results. However, it is essential for them to identify the crucial factors and thus
raises the performance of firm in market and thus increases the performance of firm in market.
While, there are only 6 respondents who evaluates that they do not agree to the fact that senior
managers are considered as the tool to motivate workers in regard to improve organizational
goals. Therefore, it is crucial for enterprise to implement effective ways of motivation and thus it
results into performing the best operations so that desired results can be attained. Hence, it is
crucial for workers to enhance employee motivation and thus aims to improve their performance
so that best results can be attained. However, it can be evaluated that majority of the respondents
identifies the fact that senior managers within firm helps in motivating workers to work towards
business goals and thus enhances profit ratio of firm in market. Thus, implementing the best way
through which individual enhances their performance and set targets towards business goals.
However, it also results into performing the desired actions so that motivating employees
towards organization targets are crucial and attains success.
Theme 7- Employees welfare should be of great concern to top management if they wish to
possess higher productivity?
Employees welfare should be of great concern to Frequency
18

top management if they wish to possess higher
productivity
Strongly agree 22
Agree 10
Neutral 2
Disagree 10
Strongly disagree 6
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
0
5
10
15
20
25
Column B
Illustration 7: Theme 7
Analysis- It can be evaluated that 32 respondents out of 50 assesses that employee welfare is
considered as an effective approach in relation to business and thus it is essential for firm to
undertake such objective so that higher productivity can be attained. However, it is crucial for
business to undertake effective responses which would result into improving business
performance and thus aims to improve individual's achievement which helps them to focus upon
enhancing business profit ratio. Also, 2 of the respondents are neutral which means that they are
neither agree nor disagrees to the fact and thus it is essential for business to undertake suitable
approaches so that performance of individual could be enhanced in regard to attain desired
targets. While, there are 16 respondents who disagrees to the statement that employee welfare is
19

not a serious concern for the top management in order to improve productivity of business.
While, there are certain other factors that need to be considered in relation to improve
individual's performance within firm and attain desired results. Therefore, it is evident that
majority of the respondents assesses that employee welfare is considered as the issue of great
concern for top management in regard to improve business productivity and raises performance
in market.
Theme 8- Do you think that only monetary rewards satisfy workers in the form of achieving
business objectives?
Do you think that only monetary rewards satisfy
workers in the form of achieving business
objectives
Frequency
Yes 13
No 30
Not sure 7
Yes
No
Not sure
Illustration 8: Theme 8
20

Analysis- It can be stated that 30 out of 50 respondents evaluates that monetary rewards alone do
not satisfy the needs of workers and therefore, it is essential for them to attain business
objectives. Hence, it is crucial for them to implement both monetary and non monetary rewards
so that workers could be satisfied in regard to attain business objectives. Therefore, it is crucial
for employees to undertake effective approaches which helps in encouraging them to improve
business performance. However, just adopting monetary rewards does not influence workers in
the form of attaining business goals. While, top management need to identify other factors as
well such as non monetary rewards in relation to improve business performance so that set
targets can be attained. While, there are 13 respondents who are satisfied from providing
monetary rewards in regard to satisfy workers in relation to improving business performance and
attain desired results. Hence, it is crucial for top management to undertake effective motivation
method and thus improve their satisfaction level so that organizational goals can be attained.
While, there are 7 respondents who says that they are not sure that only monetary rewards would
satisfy workers in order to attain organizational objectives or not. However, it is significant for
top management to also provide other benefits such as promotion, recognition, fringe benefits
etc. in order to encourage them to focus upon improving business performance in market.
Theme 9- Is it necessary for business to link different motivational theories to improve
organization performance?
Is it necessary for business to link different
motivational theories to improve organization
performance
Frequency
Strongly agree 18
Agree 11
Neutral 1
Disagree 12
Strongly disagree 8
21

Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Illustration 9: Theme 9
Analysis- It can be assessed that 29 respondents out of 50 evaluates that they strongly agree to
the fact that organization is required to link different motivation theories adopted by them in
relation to enhance business performance. However, it is crucial for them to carry out effective
practices so that best results can be attained. However, 1 respondent does not say anything and
stays at neutral position. While, 20 respondents evaluates that they disagree to the statement that
business is required to link motivation theories with employee performance in order to attain
business goals. Hence, majority of the respondents identifies that business is required to link
motivational theories with its employees in relation to improve business performance in market
and results into performing desired actions so that best performance can be improved. However,
it is crucial for them to undertake effective approaches in relation to implement best practices
and thus results into performing the suitable actions so that desired results can be attained. It has
been evident that motivational theories are interconnected with employee performance in relation
to attain business goals. Thus, proper motivation theories such as Maslow, Herzberg etc, needs to
be adopted in relation to improve individual performance towards desired targets.
Theme 10- What are the main factors that influence employees in improving business
performance?
What are the main factors that influence Frequency
22

employees in improving business performance
Effective working conditions 9
Recognition 13
Good pay 18
Flexible working hours 2
Promotion 8
Effective working conditions
Recognition
Good pay
Flexible working hours
Promotion
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Column B
Illustration 10: Theme 10
Analysis- It can be evident that there are various factors that influences employees to improve
business performance. However, it involves 9 respondents who assesses that effective working
conditions is one of the main factor that influences employee to work efficiently and enhance
business performance. While, there are 13 respondents who assesses that recognition is stated as
one of the main factor which influences workers in relation to enhance business performance
through working effectively towards set targets. It results in improving business performance and
thus aims to focus upon set organizational goals. There are majority of the respondents i.e. 18
who believes that good pay is the best condition which results into improving business
23

performance as it leads them to enhance satisfaction and thus aim to improve organizational
targets. Further, there are only 2 respondents who are in favour of stating that providing flexible
working hours is crucial factor and thus it is considered as effective way in terms of improving
business performance. While, there are 8 respondents who views that promotion is one of the
main factor that influences employees to perform in an effective way and thus results into
performing efficiently and enhance business performance. However, it would result into
performing desired functions so that set results can be attained. Hence, through such evaluation
it can be assessed that employees are encouraged through gaining good pay and which aims to
improve productivity of firm in market.
Theme 11- Do you think that when employees are motivated it helps them to tackle every
situation at workplace?
Do you think that when employees are motivated
it helps them to tackle every situation at
workplace
Frequency
Yes 39
No 11
Yes
No
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Column B
Illustration 11: Theme 11
24

Analysis- It can be inferred from the analysis that there are 39 respondents who identifies that
when workers are encouraged it helps them to tackle with every situation within workplace and
thus attain desired results. While, 11 respondents disagree that if employees are motivated then
they are able to efficiently tackle with the problems faced within workplace. Hence, it is crucial
for firm to identify the main reason that it is essential for employees to get encourage in terms of
improving firm's profitability ratio and thus results into performing desired actions. However,
majority of the respondents agrees with the fact that when they are encouraged by the top
management in either intrinsic or extrinsic then it would result into performing the best actions
so that desired results can be attained. Hence, it has been identified that motivation is considered
as the best action which would aim to improve employee's performance towards attaining desired
business goals. Further, it is also essential for firm to improve business performance in market
and results into performing the best actions towards achieving best results. Hence, it evaluates
that in order to overcome any difficult situation within workplace it is essential for top
management of firm to provide effective motivation factors to employees so that they can get
encourage and work efficiently towards business goals.
Theme 12- Through delivering required training and development program it motivates worker
to improve business performance?
Through delivering required training and
development program it motivates worker to
improve business performance
Frequency
Strongly satisfied 18
Satisfied 11
Neutral 3
Dissatisfied 8
Strongly dissatisfied 10
25

Strongly satisfied
satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Strongly
Dissatisfied
Illustration 12: Theme 12
Analysis- It can be assessed that there are 29 respondents out of 50 who believes that they are
satisfied with the fact that through providing training to employees it helps in delivering effective
performance in market. Majority of the respondents agrees with the fact that through delivering
effective training session it aims to improve business productivity and thus results in improving
efficiency of firm in market. While there are 3 respondents who stays that neutral position and
then does not relate to any position. Further, there are 18 respondents who believes that they are
dissatisfied with the fact that training and development program encourages employees in
relation to improve business performance and thus improve organizational objectives in market.
Thus, it could be evaluated that majority of the respondents identifies that providing training and
development program is considered as an effective approach helps in improving the efficiency of
workers so that they can enhance business performance in market. Through identifying effective
results in terms of improving business effectiveness so that best results in the form attaining
business targets could be achieved. Hence, in order to improve business performance it is
significant for firm to undertake best results. Top management of firm need to focus upon
providing effective training and development program which results into enhancing efficiency of
workers and attain desired results.
Theme 13- Promotion is considered as the best strategy or ways to gain improved worker's
commitment and enhance business performance?
26

Promotion is considered as the best strategy or ways to gain improved
worker's commitment and enhance business performance
Frequency
Strongly agree 16
Agree 11
Neutral 1
Disagree 9
Strongly disagree 13
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Column B
Illustration 13: Theme 13
Analysis- It can be stated that 27 respondents out of 50 agrees to the statement that providing
promotion is considered as the best factor that helps in influencing employees to perform
effectively within firm and thus raises their financial performance in market. However, it is
significant for firm to undertake effective promotional methods in order to raise the performance
of firm in market. While, there is 1 respondent that identifies that he/she is in neutral position
and thus does not agree nor disagrees to the fact. Further, there are 22 respondents who assesses
that promotion is not one of the main factor that influences employees to achieve business
targets. However, it is essential for firm to provide effective factor such as promotion in relation
27

to attain desired results. While, it is significant for firm to enhance employees performance and
results in enhancing efficiency of business in market.
Theme 14- Bonus and incentives are considered as the best strategy or ways to gain improved
worker's commitment and enhance business performance?
Bonus and incentives are considered as the best
strategy or ways to gain improved worker's
commitment and enhance business performance
Frequency
Strongly agree 19
Agree 12
Neutral 2
Disagree 10
Strongly disagree 7
Analysis- It can be stated that there are varied factors which influences the employees'
performance in market. There are 31 respondents out of 50 agrees that bonus and incentives
helps in improving efficiency of worker and thus results in increasing profitability of firm.
28
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Illustration 14: Theme 14

Further, it is significant for firm to undertake effective factor such as incentives and bonus in
relation to improve the efficiency and thus aim to achieve business performance. While, there are
2 respondents who are at neutral position. Further, there are 17 respondent out of 50 who
disagrees from the statement that bonus and incentives are considered as effective factor in
regard to improve workers efficiency and attain business results. Hence, it is evident that firm
needs to improve business efficiency and aims to improve organizational performance so that set
targets can be attained.
29

Theme 15: Able to perform the roles and responsibilities effectively and efficiently
Are you able to perform the roles and responsibilities effectively and
efficiently?
Frequency
Yes 22
No 28
Analysis: As per the analysis done by 50 of the employees at Next Plc, it can be stated that more
than half of the workers are not able to perform their roles and responsibilities, in this context, it
can be stated that all the type of responsibilities that are divided is not being effectively
performed by workers. On the other hand, there are about 22 employees within the company who
think that they are able to perform the set of roles and responsibilities that are provided to them.
There can be many reasons due to which employees fail to put on their full efforts to support
their organization. Different people have diverse set of perception with respect to the work they
perform. In this context, when work is not effectively performed, then it affects the growth and
development of the company in negative way. Workers are the face of company as they have
direct interaction with customers. They are the one who present products and services that are
delivered by the firm. With this respect, if workers are not able to perform effectively or
30
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
22
28
Frequency

efficiently, then it has high impact over the firm. As a result, management will not be able to
achieve their desired goals and objectives in can employees do not understand the part of
responsibilities that has to be performed by them. As per the findings, it is important for Next Plc
to make sure that they overcome this issues so as to deliver adequate services.
Theme 16: Different reasons due to which workers get demotivated.
What are the different reasons due to which workers get demotivated? Frequency
Improper communication 10
Ineffective working environment 17
Lack of training 14
Job insecurity 9
Analysis: As per the findings, there are different reasons that are being identified because of
which workers face the situation of demotivation. With this respect, it includes reasons like
improper communication, lack of training, no proper job security and ineffective working
environment. In accordance with the finding, it can be stated that there are about 17 of the
31
10
17
14
9
Improper communication
Ineffective working
environment
Lack of training
Job insecurity

employees who think that due to ineffective working environment employees face the situation
of demotivation. More specifically, there are issue in relation with employees and employers.
There are conflict situations that occur because of which the performance level gets negatively
affected. In order to work effectively, it requires proper mental and physical stability so that the
work can be performed in an effective manner. When conflicts occurs, then it affects mental
stability and the rate of performance get reduced. Further, there are about 9 of employees within
Next Plc who think that there is no proper job security and this demotivated them. When workers
are not able to get satisfy their minimum level of satisfaction, then it causes serious issues in
respect to performance. Moreover, there are 14 of employees who are not able to develop
motivation as they are not being provided with proper training. When employees are provided
with proper training, then workers get to clarify all their doubts related to the work they perform
and this is helpful to boost up the moral of workers. Further, there are 10 of workers who think
that they are demotivated as there is not proper communication. This is an essential part in order
to develop trust and confidence. Further, it also helps in understanding the issues or problems
that are faced by workers and accordingly adequate steps can be taken with the help of which
workers can be motivated.
Theme 17: Motivated workers contribute effectively towards organizational goals and objectives.
Do you think that motivated workers contribute effectively towards
organizational goals and objectives?
Frequency
Yes 36
No 14
32

Analysis: From the response that the investigator got, it can be stated that more than of the
workers think that motivated workers does contribute effectively towards the growth and
development of the organization. However, there are 14 of employees who think that even if
workers are not motivated, they are able to contribute effective towards the growth and
development of the organization. From this finding, it can be stated that workers who are
motivated contribute effectively towards the growth and development of the company. Motivated
employee can understand the requirement of customers and accordingly they are able to deliver
them services and products. On the other hand, the employees who are not motivated, they are
not able to perform with their full efficiency and they lack understanding of their customers and
also fail in delivering their high quality services. Ultimate aim of any firm is to gain maximum
profit, this is only possible when they will be able to deliver their customers with adequate
services. There are cases in which workers are not able to perform effectively and this is due to
lack of motivation. However, when employees are motivated, then it becomes helpful for them to
understand their customers and to deliver them with high quality services and this way it
becomes easy for them to satisfy them.
Theme 18: Next Plc is taking effective steps to motivate workers
Do you think that Next Plc is taking effective steps to motivate workers? Frequency
Yes 39
33
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 36
14
Frequency

No 11
Analysis: It has been found that as per the perception of workers, they think that cited firm is not
taking enough steps to motivated their employees. There are diverse strategies that can be
adopted by firm with the help of which workers can be motivated. As per the different areas it
includes implementing motivational theories, reward system, providing healthy environment, etc.
There are many motivational theories like Maslow's hierarchy of need, Theory X and Theory Y,
etc. Among all these, management can take suitable strategy that can help management to boost
up the moral of employees. Among all these, appropriate steps should be taken with the help of
which management can raise the level of motivation. More specifically, there are about 39 of
employees and as per their understanding management of Next plc is not taking enough steps to
motivate their workers. On the other hand, there are about 11 of workers who think that
management is putting on their efforts to motivate their employees. As stated above, there are
different areas that can be considered by management through which workers should be
motivated. Further, there are different motivational factors that should be identified by
management if workers and accordingly steps should be taken through which workers will be
34
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
39
11
Frequency

able to develop positive perception among mind of workers. This way they will put on their full
efforts to make organization achieve their desired goals and objectives.
Theme 19: Feelings about your company
How you feel about your company? Frequency
Feel safe 8
Valued 10
Depressed 15
Unsatisfied 17
Analysis: As per the findings, it can be evaluated that there are different set of perceptions that
workers have towards the work they perform. In accordance with the finding, it has been
identified that there are about 8 employees who feel safe. This is the type of perception that they
have over company. Further, there are about 10 of the workers who think that they feel valued
about the company. This is because of the quality of services that are delivered by them. Main
aim of Next plc is to make sure that they provide their customers with high quality services. This
35
8
10
15
17
Feel safe
Valued
Depressed
Unsatisfied

way that perception of workers and customers are positive and this enables the firm to develop
high brand image and to make differentiate from other companies. Moreover, there are 17
workers who are not satisfied with the type of services that are delivered by the organization and
the facilities that are implemented by them. As per the findings, it has been identified that 15 of
the employees feel depressed about the company. Lastly, there are 17 employees who are
unsatisfied. These workers have developed negative perception about the services that are
delivered by the organization. With this respect, it is important that appropriate steps that are
taken so that they will be able to change the perception that they have over the organization. This
can be determined as a helpful way that will make the workers work their full efficiency and
support the company to reach out their goals and objectives.
Theme 20: Able to reach out personal goals with support of your organization
Do you think that you are able to reach out personal goals with support
of your organization?
Frequency
Yes 16
No 22
Not sure 12
36

Analysis: All the employees who work within the organization have their person expectation and
desires. People prefer to work for the companies that support them to achieve them with their
personal goals. In accordance with the findings, it has been identified that there are 22 of the
workers who think that they are not able to reach out their personal goals and objectives as they
do not get proper support. There are cases in which workers are not able to perform with their
full efficiency and this is because they are not able to achieve their person goals and objectives.
Further, there are 12 of the workers, according to them they are not sure when whether they are
able to achieve their personal goals from the support of organization. Further, there are 16
employees, as per their understanding firm is supportive enough to reach out personal goals and
objectives. In order words, it can be determined as one of the effective ways with the help of
which workers are motivated. As per the analysis, it can be stated that there are 16 of the
employees who think that they are able to achieve their personal goals and for this purpose,
organization highly supports them. This way, it makes the management to develop positive
perception. In this context, when firm understand the personal goals and supports them, then it is
favourable for the management as workers work with their full efficiency.
Theme 21: Management involve others in decision makings
37
Yes No Not sure
0
5
10
15
20
25
16
22
12
Frequency

Does management involve you in decision makings? Frequency
Yes 32
No 18
Analysis: As per the findings, it can be stated that there are different set of leadership styles that
are implemented by the organization. In this context, these are selected as per the type of services
and products that are delivered by the firm. In this current organization, all the decision are made
by top management. Workers within the firm are not allowed with the opportunity to make
decisions. This is affects the motivation level of workers. On the other hand, there are 18 of the
employees who think that they are involved in decision making process. When workers are not
allowed with the opportunity to make decision, then it has negative impact over the worker's
performance. They develop a perception that they are being neglected. Employee work closely
with customers so they about the issues or problems that are faced by workers. They are helpful
enough to make changes in the services and products that are delivered by the firm. This way,
when workers get to know that they are not being provided with the opportunity to make
decision, then works feel neglected. However, for the workers who feel that they are involved in
38
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 32
18
Frequency

decision making, then it helps the firm as they will support the management in attract more and
more customers. When there is proper support form the employees, then al the changes that
management wants to implement can be adopted without any issues. In this context, when any
changes are adopted within the company, then there are cases in which all the workers do not get
adjust with the change. However, when employees are provided with proper opportunity, then it
becomes helpful to get them motivated.
Theme 22: Type of leadership style is adopted within Next Plc
What type of leadership style should be adopted within Next Plc? Frequency
Autocratic 10
Democratic 29
Laissez-faire 11
Analysis: There are different type of leadership styles that are implemented. However, the type
of leadership style that is adopted within cited firm is not effective as per the data analysed. It
has been identified that there are 29 of employee who think that management should change their
leadership style to democratic. This is a type of style in which all employees are provided with
39
10
29
11
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire

the opportunity to provide their suggestions in order to make take decision. Further, there are
about 10 of the workers who think that management should make use of autocratic leadership
style. Lastly, there are 11 employees who think organization should implement Laissez-faire. All
the authorities are provided to employees. Among all these, as per the majority preference, cited
firm should make use of democratic leadership as this will be helpful enough to motivate
workers and employees will be able to develop a feeling that they are important for the firm.
4.3 Secondary data
It can be assessed that through carrying out effective HR policies and business
performance within Next it assists in improving the performance of firm in market. All such
policies results into performing desired operations and carry out effective practices so that set
results can be attained. However, it is significant for business to adopt best practices related to
HR and thus obtain different information related to managerial attitudes and thus implement the
same to attain success. However, using al such information results into carrying out best
performance and thus enhance desired targets. HR policies assists in assessing the Next
employee motivation and thus improve business performance so that it does not impact upon
firm and achieve desired results. Further, it is essential for firm to undertake and implement
different motivational theories such as Herzberg and Maslow which results into improving the
business performance and encouraging workers so that best results can be attained. All such
theories results into performing employee motivation and thus results into perfroming the targets
in an effective and efficient way. Further, using different motivational theories helps in
encouraging workers and thus enhance their performance within firm so that overall objectives
could be attained within Next. It also results into performing the desired actions and thus perform
the operations effectively and thus result into achieving success within firm.
40

Chapter 5: Research Limitations
It can be evaluated from the study that motivational theories possess effective link within
business performance. Therefore, it is essential for businesses to adopt effective strategies so that
employees could be encouraged and thus enhance their sales and profitability of firm in market.
It is also useful for such type of research that it aims to conclude the main findings regarding
motivational theories and concepts and thus help in performing the best options so that success
can be attained. Motivation is considered as effective and thus it helps in improving the firm's
performance and attain desired results. Also, it has been suggested to business that they need to
adopt effective motivational strategies in order to improve firm's market share and thus attain
desired outcomes. Following are the different research limitations which are faced by scholars
while conducting the study such as-
 Lack of availability of reliable data- It is main limitation of research as when collecting
the data and thus obstacles are found in order to collect reliable and authentic data.
Therefore, it is essential for researcher to understand the importance of data and thsu
several times they find difficulty in believing the data as sometimes it might be
unreliable.
 Lack of proper research studies on the topic- It is another issue that has been identified
that is there is lack of research done on the particular topic and thus there is limitation
faced in collecting information about the same. However, not much information is
available on online sources and thus faces issues in conducting the study.
 Access to information- There are some problem being faced by researcher regarding
access to the information and thus sometimes they faces issues in the same. There are
several websites which are blocked and thus content cannot be viewed by the researcher
due to ethical reasons.

Chapter 6: Conclusion and RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
From this research, it can be concluded that there are many areas that are considered by
employees through which they get motivated. Further, there are certain responsibilities that
management has to consider. In this context, it is important that firm deliver their workers with
all type of tools and equipments with the help of which they will be able ton deliver their
customers with high quality services. As per the laws, there are different type of regulations and
policies that has to be followed by the firm. When these are followed, then it becomes helpful for
the organization to develop healthy environment. As per the case, there are various type of issues
that are faced by workers. In this context, one of the issues includes improper communication.
This is an important part that manager of Next Plc should have with their workers. This is an
important aspect, that make the firm to know the issues or problems that are faced by workers.
When there is proper communication, then it enables to develop strong relation with employees.
Further, workers are facing with the issue in relation with motivation. Moreover, it has been
identified that work performance is getting negatively affected due to demotivated employees. In
order to motivate workers there are different type of motivational theories that can be
implemented by the firm. With this respect, it includes Maslow's hierarchy of need, Theory X
and Theory Y, etc. When these type of motivational theories are adopted, then it becomes
favourable for the management to boost up the moral of workers.
There many factors that has been identified by the firm and it has been determined that
when these identified factors are considered and proper steps are taken, then firm will be able to
motivate their workers. Further, it will then also help to improve the organization performance.
There are different type of factors that are considered by customers. In this context, it includes
quality, quantity, price, etc. Apart from all these, delivering products and services also play vital
role. With this respect, when employees are not motivated, then it becomes difficult for the
management to get desired goals and objectives. Employees the one who present the products
and services to customers. When they do not perform their part of role, then it becomes difficult
for them to deliver customers with high quality services and to attract more and more customers.
There are conditions in which workers get demotivated as they do not understand the part
of roles and responsibilities that has to be played by them. In this context, it is essential that
42 | P a g e

workers are provided with proper training so that they will be able to understand the part of roles
that has to be played by them. Before providing training, it is essential that management identify
the areas in which workers lack and accordingly they should be provided with training as it will
help to boost up the moral and encourage them to perform with their full efficiency. Further,
there are other strategies like providing rewards. There are two of type of rewards that can be
provided and it includes intrinsic and extrinsic. Both are helpful enough to make sure that they
workers get motivated. These type of rewards are provided as per the type of performance that is
done by workers. Moreover, it has been identified that, there are conflicts that take place within
the organization. This negatively affects the performance as to work effectively it is essential to
have certain set of mental and physical stability so that workers can be performed. Conflicts
situation affects the performance level and focus gets reduced. The coordination among each
worker and employer gets affects and so the growth of the organization.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to make sure that Next plc deliver their employees with proper motivation. In
this context, they should follow below given strategies. By improving the motivation level,
management will be able to improve the organizational performance (Griffin and Moorhead,
2011). With this respect, below given are few of the strategies that should be adopted by Next
plc with the help of which they will be able to raise motivation level of employees:
Healthy interaction: There are different type of issues that are faced by workers.
However, they do not share their issues problems. Because of that issues, it employees get
demotivated. Within the organization there is not proper interaction with their employees and
employers. All the issues that are faced by workers remain unsolved and it is difficult for them to
work with their full efficiency (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford, 2014). In order to overcome this
problem, it is essential that management should have healthy interaction with their employees.
This will be helpful enough to understand their problems that are faced by them. Further, there
are also cases in which employees will develop trust and confidence among employees. This will
they will put on their full efforts with the help of which they will support the firm in achieving
their goals and objectives.
Motivational theories: There are different type of motivational theories that can be
implemented by Next plc. Main aim of any theory is to raise motivational level of employees.
Among all the motivational theories (Gomez-Mejia, Berrone and Franco-Santos, 2014). One of
43 | P a g e

the effective theories that cited firm should adopt is Maslows hierarchy of need. This is because,
this theory covers all the essential areas with the help of which workers can be motivated. In this
theory, there are five needs that has been determined. In this context, it includes needs like
physiological, safety, love, self-actualization and self esteem. When management consider all
these areas, then it becomes helpful to make sure that workers are motivated. The areas that it
covers are the basic requirement and expectations that workers expect from the organization.
Reward system: There are two type of reward system that can be implemented with an
aim to motivate workers (Perry, Hondeghem and Wise, 2010). When these are adopted by the
firm, then it becomes helpful for the management to boost up the moral. As per these rewards
system, workers should be provided with incentives as per their performance. Further, they
should be appreciated when they are more productive and supportive. This develops a sense of
competition among workers as they to get rewards they will aim at developing their skills and
capability and perform effectively and efficiently. Further, it is also essential that there are
holidays, informal meetings, etc. This helps to develop strong relationship with employees. From
this it can be stated that both this type of reward system will be helpful enough to make the
organization raise the motivation level of employees and as a result the organizational
performance will automatically raise (Smith and Lewis, 2011).
Training and development: Worker face demotivated with they fail to perform their roles
and responsibilities effectively and efficiently. There are various reasons due to which workers
get demotivated and performance get negatively affected. In this context, when employees are
provided with training, then it helps in enhancing the skills and capabilities. Further, it also
enables to clarify all the doubts that they have related to work (Zhao, Seibert and Lumpkin,
2010). There are cases in which even after providing training, workers do not get expected result
and this is because training is provided for those areas in which they are already good at. In this
context, management should identify the areas in which improvement has to be made and
accordingly training and development should be made so that they will be able to boost up their
performance level.
Resolving conflicts: When any type of strategy is adopted, then it requires support from
employees. However, at Next plc, there are conflicts situations that take place because of which
employees get demotivated and this negatively affects the performance level. Coordination and
team work is important for the firm so that they will be able to developer high quality services to
44 | P a g e

customers. All the issues that are faced workers should be identified and problems from all the
part should be heard and proper decision should be taken with the help of which conflicts can be
solved. This will raise the coordination and performance of workers (Zhang and Bartol, 2010).
Further, when issues will be solved, then workers will be able to put on their full efforts to
support the firm in achieving organizational goal's ans objectives.
Taking suggestions: Employees are the faced of organization as they have direct
interaction with customers. They deliver their services and products that are provided by the
organization (Zhao, Seibert and Lumpkin, 2010). From this it can be stated that workers know
about the issues or problems that are faced by customers. In this context, they should be involved
in decision making. As per the finding, Next plc make use of autocratic leadership style and they
do not allow workers to take decision. With this respect, workers should be provided with
opportunity to make decision. For this purpose, management of Next plc should make use of
democratic leadership style. This way firm will be able to raise motivation level and employees
will develop a feel of importance and thus support the organization to achieve their desired
objectives.
45 | P a g e

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Questionnaire
Name
Age
Gender
 Male
 Female
Number of years served within company?
 Less than 4 years
 5-15 years
 16-25 years
 More than 25 years
Do you think that extrinsic rewards affects employee performance within Next Plc?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
What type of extrinsic motivation is best adopted by company?
 Pay
 Good working conditions
 Fringe benefits
 Promotion and security
 Others
Does intrinsic reward possess any effect upon worker performance?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
Mainly what type of intrinsic motivation influence workers to enhance business productivity?
 Recognition
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 Freedom of work
 Praise from senior managers
Do you think motivation, either extrinsic or intrinsic being practised by Next Plc helps workers
to get motivated and enhance business performance?
 Yes
 No
 Can't say
It seems that senior managers of company helps in encouraging staff to work towards business
goals?
 Yes
 No
Employees welfare should be of great concern to top management if they wish to possess higher
productivity?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
Do you think that only monetary rewards satisfy workers in the form of achieving business
objectives?
 Yes
 No
 Not sure
Is it necessary for business to link different motivational theories to improve organization
performance?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
What are the main factors that influence employees in improving business performance?
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 Effective working conditions
 Recognition
 Good pay
 Flexible working hours
 Promotion
Do you think that when employees are motivated it helps them to tackle every situation at
workplace?
 Yes
 No
Through delivering required training and development program it motivates worker to improve
business performance?
 Strongly satisfied
 satisfied
 Neutral
 Dissatisfied
 Strongly Dissatisfied
Promotion is considered as the best strategy or ways to gain improved worker's commitment and
enhance business performance?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
Bonus and incentives are considered as the best strategy or ways to gain improved worker's
commitment and enhance business performance?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
Are you able to perform the roles and responsibilities effectively and efficiently?
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 Yes
 No
What are the different reasons due to which workers get demotivated?
 Improper communication
 Ineffective working environment
 Lack of training
 Job insecurity
Do you think that motivated workers contribute effectively towards organizational goals and
objectives?
 Yes
 No
Do you think that Next Plc is taking effective steps to motivate workers?
 Yes
 No
How you feel about your company?
 Feel safe
 Valued
 Depressed
 Unsatisfied
Do you think that you are able to reach out personal goals with support of your organization?
 Yes
 No
Does management involve you in decision makings?
 Yes
 No
What type of leadership style should be adopted within Next Plc?
 Autocratic
 Democratic
 Laissez-faire
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