Leading and Managing Business Organisations

This article discusses the importance of managing a diversified workforce and the challenges faced by Sainsburys Supermarket. It also explains the concept of rational goal theory and its distinctive characteristics. The article provides insights into various management theories and their advantages for the organisation.

Leading and Managing
Business Organisation

Contents
QUESTION-1..................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Part – 1 Why it is necessary for organisation to control diversified workforce?.........................1
Part-2 Briefly state some of the challenges which Sainsburys Supermarket would face in........2
their attempt to control the diversity among their staff................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
QUESTION-2..................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Part-1 Explain the concept of rational theory despite of its weakness in context of the
organisation..................................................................................................................................4
Part-2 Discuss the distinctive characteristics of the theory and explain why they have still not
been phased out entirely in the operations of some organisations...............................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
Books and Journals:.....................................................................................................................8

QUESTION-1
INTRODUCTION
The diversity is an organisation refers to the workforce that works in the company. Every
enterprise has its own mission and the personnel diversity must be aligned to the specified
objectives. (Howard and Ulferts, 2020). In the complex business environment the organisation
intend to employee people from different culture to add new and innovative ideas and opinions
to drive the success of the company. The business organisation manage that all the employees are
interconnected and they offer different skills, capabilities, working styles and perspective. The
discussion outlines the significance of managing diversity within the organisation and some of
the challenges faced by Sainsburys convenience store to control the diversity within its human
resource.
Part – 1 Why it is necessary for organisation to control diversified workforce?
To manage diversity in the organisation is necessary as it will help the company to
arrange its organisational structure and evaluate its culture and environment. The manager must
understand the nature and belief of his employees as it can influence the decision making process
in the company. The importance of controlling diversity in the organisation is discussed below.
In order to build diverse and effective workforce the company needs to recruit people
from different background or culture who are innovative and creative this will inject fresh ideas,
styles and voices in the organisation. (Hovland, 2020). The varied human resource will further
help organisation to better understand the objectives and goals. The differences in employee
culture serve as an asset which provide insight for organisational learnings. Managing personnel
diversity helps to eliminate discrimination in the organisation as each and every person is treated
equally without discriminating on their cast, religion, gender and culture. A diversifies
organisation is a key for innovation and an important factor for the growth of the company.
Many superior managers and leaders have accepted that a diverse human resource in terms of
experience, culture, perspective and performance is influential in determining the success of the
enterprise. Diversity in the company will eventually boost the motivation and morale of the
people and develop efficiency and productivity. Employees will present their skill and innovative
ideas in front of the team and this will help manger to understand their point of view and
perception. Diverse staff will elevate the overall performance of the company. (Kirton and
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Greene, 2021). A workplace culture where the people from different background are present but
their contribution and perception is not valued that organisation is said to be diverse but not
inclusive. The diversifies workplace must be involved in all the organisational practise, if the
employees does not engage in the activities it will not result in company success. Inclusion and
diversity are two interrelated concepts, diversity involves the people from various religion and
belief where as inclusion refers to the contribution and their perception that is valued in the
organisation. Diversified personnel will lead to psychological safety of the employees resulting
in better functioning of the organisation. Psychological safety implies that employees can present
their views, opinions, race and gender without any judgement. Adding psychological safety and
diversity in the workplace allows people to feel safe as their identity is welcomed without any
differences. Respecting other's identity will bring psychological safety within the organisation.
Part-2 Briefly state some of the challenges which Sainsburys Supermarket would face in
their attempt to control the diversity among their staff
Sainsburys is a British multinational supermarket chain that deals in expansive variety of
goods, including clothing, electronics, household and groceries. (Spence and Rinaldi, 2010).
There are numerous advantages that a diversified workforce offers in the company but to
maintain and control the Sainsburys has to come across many challenges. When the different
type of people work upon a common task they bring innovative and creative ideas which results
in overall growth of the company. Some of the challenges faced by Sainsburys are briefly stated
below.
 Communicating issues- Communication is the main issue faced by many multinational
company. In a diversified firm the main issue face by management and subordinates is
language barrier. Effective communication is must in every organisation to understand
the mission and objective of the company. Ineffective communication between
employees is a drawback in the success of the organisation and cause conflict and slow
productivity. It is the responsibility of the managers to tackle communication or language
issue to implement smooth working in the company. Sainsburys manager should work on
maintaining a common source of communication where employees can communicate
with each other without any hurdle and cultural barriers.
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 Stereotypes and prejudices- This states that different people have distinct opinions and
perception towards a specific situation. While working employees may use certain
preconception to defend themselves from assigned task and does not cooperate with other
employees. Continuous practise of this can lead to conflict among employees and affect
the functioning of the company. Sainsburys constantly work on to reduce this issue and
properly manage its staff needs and problems.
 Cultural misconception- Difference in culture is also a main challenge which can affect
the company. The organisation must respect each culture and look for solution to solve
the misunderstanding between distinct tradition. The difference in perspective and views
may slow down the decision making process and this can hamper the working of the
company. The company must incorporate informal events or activities so that employees
can attract better and understand their colleagues. The manager must provide equal
opportunity and must treat every member without any discrimination in terms of gender,
cast, creed, religion and culture or tradition.
 Changing environment- There are various internal and external factor that can influence
the operations of the organisation. People usually resist the change and does not want to
implement it in their daily working. There are expanded list of reason why people does
not want to change, but the foremost reason is the bad management of change in the
company. To overcome this situation Sainsburys must implement proper change
management strategies and effectively communicate the change by providing suitable
training to its workforce.
 Policy formulation- In order to solve this situation the company must try to implement
cultural- friendly and inclusive procedure and effectively communicate it with the
employees. The company may rearrange its previous policies according to need of
present diversified enterprises.
CONCLUSION
The above discussion analyses the significant of supervising the diversified organisation
in the market and the main challenges and problems face by the Sainsburys while operating with
diversified human resource. It can be stated that organisation who understand the importance of
managing its distinct staff members often has an advantage over other competitors. A diverse
personnel will eventually leads in effective growth and enhance the productivity of its members.
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Moreover, there are certain issues that the company come across like language barriers, problem
in policy implementation and formulation and cultural differences which could affect the
functioning of the company.
QUESTION-2
INTRODUCTION
Rational goal theory is originated by Fredrick Winslow Taylor. (Hill and Van Buren,
2018). This theory states the techniques by which the organisational work is divided into small
and precise task which can be easily implemented by the employees and each task is then
assigned to the member who specialise is that particular field. Rational goal theory helps the
organisation in organising, planning, decision making and problem solving to manage the
internal working of the company. The discussion outlines the scope of management theories,
main characteristics of the rational goal theory, remnants of the managerial theories and the
advantages of the organisation.
Part-1 Explain the concept of rational theory despite of its weakness in context of the
organisation.
Management theories are the set of idea, opinions and rules to supervise the organisation.
(Dahlgaard-Park, Reyes and Chen, 2018) Managerial theories explains the strategies that
managers and leaders use to achieve the companies goals and objectives, and how they motivates
his personal to perform the assigned task with their full potential. Some of the management
theory are discussed below:-
 Scientific management theory- The scientific theory by Frederick Winslow
Taylor states that in order to increase the productivity the manager must use
scientific methods to assign responsibilities. (Merkle, 2022). The managers should
assign task according to individual abilities and train them to assure they the
work done is accurate.
 Bureaucratic management theory- This theory discuss that there should be a
clear organisational structure in the company where rules are properly
communicated with its employees. Sainsburys may implement principles such as
division of labour and chain of command to improve its functioning.
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 Administrative theory- This theory signifies major factors that managers may
use while interacting with their teams. (Barney, J.B., 2020). Henry Fayol
suggested some principles which can be implemented by the managers of
Sainsburys such as scalar chain, division of labour, unity of command, authority
and responsibility etc.
 Human relation theory- This theory can be implemented by the company to
enhance the productivity within the organisation. The managers must ensure that
the people are motivated and perform their work with full potential.
The rational goal theory is helpful in improving the productivity of the organisation its
major characteristics include proper decision making, efficient problem solving and promotes
discipline in the organisation. The company can divide the work in small task which help the
employees to perform better.
Effective human management results in better functioning of the overall company. The
Sainsbury must ensure it treat it human personnel fairly without any discrimination. The
company can run human resource development programme to increase productivity.
The challenges face by organisation while implementing rational theory is that is theory
brings unrealistic assumption which can affect the performance of the employees. Other
challenges are lack of support from subordinates as people often resist to change.
Part-2 Discuss the distinctive characteristics of the theory and explain why they have still not
been phased out entirely in the operations of some organisations.
The Remnants of the Rational Goal Theory in current practice
In the modern day practice, there are several theories which are adopted by the organisations in
order to achieve their set objectives. Modern organisation practices new models and theories for
its business operations to earn the competitive advantage in the target market. During an
anonyms or unanticipated situations, where these modern theories are incapable to bring out the
solution, the classical theories like rational goal theory (Scientific management theory) is still
bringing out the best possible guidance.
The rational goal theory is an additional controlling approach in context to promote productivity
(Kaul, 2020). Sainsbury's being the second largest grocer in the United Kingdom, has adopted
the rational goal theory in some situations where it has to break down the work into small tasks
after measuring them precisely and performed with the most efficient method.
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Global warming, quality of food, carbon footprint, impact of waste on environment, social
aspects of life, are the biggest challenges which are faced by the retail industry among the past
years. In order to overcome the changes and implementation of strategies to achieve the
objectives, Sainsbury's have successful implemented the change and adopted the changes in the
modern management theories to the classical management theories.
Advantages of the organisation:-
There are several advantages of the organisation (Bencivenga, Marchegiani and Marchiori,
2019):-
Optimum Utilization of Innovative Technologies:
Adjusting to the new and changing state of affairs or situations is the success of an
organisation. (Ciffolilli and Muscio, 2018) Considering the technological improvements over the
years, management is responsible to enrich the organisation to use them to compete in the
competitive world. Sainsbury's adopt and implement such changes on continuous basis in order
to grow and increase their operational profit.
Administrative Advantage:
For effective managerial control, an organisation provides foundation to various
managerial functions, such as coordination or control, etc. which are to be effectively performed
by the departments in order to attain the set objectives. Sainsbury's have a strong administrative
approach in their organisational structure, which itself is the competitive advantage for the
company.
Promotes Growth and Diversity:
In the process of expansion and diversification, the company enables the recruitment of
more employees in order to increase in the operational profit. Sainsbury's is a multinational
organisation and beholds the hierarchical organisational structure. (Shan, et.al, 2019). It
promotes more and more employees to engage themselves with the company in context to
growth and diversification.
Finer Human Relations:
In a good organisational setup, human relations improves with free atmosphere of work,
clearly defined environment, authority and responsibility. Sainsbury's holds a huge employee
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chain and is completely await to satisfy its employees as well as to provide a pleasant work
environment to its employees.
CONCLUSION
On the analysis of the above discussion, It can be concluded that in today's competitive
era, modern organisation opts modern techniques, models and theories in their organisational
structure, culture and plans. It has been observed that the scientific management theories are still
very competitive and are part of some organisations. It becomes easy to operate in the
competitive market as well as internally within the organisation to practice the job design,
operations, rewards, etc. It can also be observed that, even in the competitive world and after
numerous innovations, no alternatives can present the ease and predictable nature of taylorism in
practice.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Barney, J.B., 2020. Measuring firm performance in a way that is consistent with strategic
management theory. Academy of Management Discoveries, 6(1), pp.5-7.
Bencivenga, R., Marchegiani, L. and Marchiori, M., 2019. A Process Toward a Good
Organisation?. Business Ethics and Care in Organizations.
Ciffolilli, A. and Muscio, A., 2018. Industry 4.0: national and regional comparative advantages
in key enabling technologies. European Planning Studies, 26(12), pp.2323-2343.
Dahlgaard-Park, S.M., Reyes, L. and Chen, C.K., 2018. The evolution and convergence of total
quality management and management theories. Total Quality Management & Business
Excellence, 29(9-10), pp.1108-1128.
Hill, V. and Van Buren, H., 2018. Taylor won: the triumph of scientific management and its
meaning for business and society. In Corporate Social Responsibility. Emerald Publishing
Limited.
Hovland, I., 2020. Knowledge management and organizational learning: An international
development perspective. In NGO Management (pp. 353-368). Routledge.
Howard, T.L. and Ulferts, G.W., 2020. The Changing Value of Diversity in Organizations.
Journal of Business Diversity, 20(2).
Kaul, K., 2020. Administrative Theories: Comparison between Classical and Scientific
Management Theory. Issue 3 Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human., 3, p.1498.
Kirton, G. and Greene, A.M., 2021. The Dynamics of Managing Diversity and Inclusion: A
Critical Approach. Routledge.
Merkle, J.A., 2022. Management and ideology: The legacy of the international scientific
management movement. Univ of California Press.
Shan, S., Luo, Y., Zhou, Y. and Wei, Y., 2019. Big data analysis adaptation and enterprises’
competitive advantages: the perspective of dynamic capability and resource-based
theories. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 31(4), pp.406-420.
Spence, L.J. and Rinaldi, L., 2010. Sainsbury’s: Embedding sustainability within the
supermarket supply chain. In Accounting for sustainability (pp. 70-94). Routledge.
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