Economics For Less Developed Nations Report 2022

Running head: ECONOMICS FOR LESS DEVELOPED NATIONS
Economics for Less Developed Nations
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ECONOMICS FOR LESS DEVELOPED NATIONS1
Table of Contents
1.Demographic Transition...............................................................................................................2
2. Population and Fertility Choice...................................................................................................4
4. Structural Transformation Trends................................................................................................7
5. Income and Migration..................................................................................................................8
References......................................................................................................................................10

ECONOMICS FOR LESS DEVELOPED NATIONS2
1.Demographic Transition
a)
Figure 1: Trend in birth rate, death rate and population level of Turkey
(Source: Data.worldbank.org)
Historical trends in population, birth rate and death rate of Turkey for the period from
1960 to 2010 have been summarized in the above figure. As shown from the above figure
population of Turkey has increased steadily since 1960. In 1960, population of Turkey was
27.27 million which became 72.33 million in 2010. At the beginning of 1960, birth rate was
45.393 percent while the death rate was 20.28 percent. Since then both birth rate and death rate
began to fall. Since birth rate falls at a faster rate than death rate the gap between birth rate and
death rate is declining. The birth rate however is far above the death rate contributing to an
overall increase in population.
Increase in population growth may have some adverse effect on economic growth for the
next decade. Steady increase in population increases size of the labor force of the nation.

ECONOMICS FOR LESS DEVELOPED NATIONS3
Sufficient number of jobs should be created to absorb the increased labor force and fuel the
economic growth. Turkey in the past decades however was unable to create sufficient job
opportunities which result in an increase in unemployment and hinders economic growth
(Yucesahin, Adalı and Turkyılmaz). However, if the nation can create sufficient employment
opportunities then population growth can be helpful for economic growth.
b)
Figure 2: Trend in birth rate and infant mortality rate in Turkey
(Source: Data.worldbank.org)
Figure 2 describes the trend in birth rate and infant mortality rate in Turkey. In 1960,
infant mortality rate was 172.3 while birth rate was 45.393. Since then birth rate and infant
mortality rate began to fall but infant mortality rate declined much rapidly than birth rate. It is
since 2005 that infant mortality rate is even below the birth rate. The faster decline in infant
mortality rate in Turkey was due to decline in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rate because
major improvement in public health and system of health care service in Turkey (Dilli et al.).