Theories, Principles and Models in Education and Training

Theories principles and models in education and training

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Task-1..............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Analysis of learning model, principles and theories..............................................................3
1.2 Explanation of different ways through theories, models and principles of learning can be
used and applied in an effective manner to learning, teaching and assessment..........................4
1.3 Learning preferences models analysis...................................................................................5
1.4 Explaining ways in which account taking and identification of individual learner’s
preferences of learning can enable inclusive learning, assessment and teaching........................6
Task -2.............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 analysis of theories, principles and models of communication.............................................6
2.2 Explanation of ways of applying theories, models and communication...............................8
Task -3.............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Theories, models and principles of assessment.....................................................................9
3.2 Ways of assessment.............................................................................................................11
Task -4...........................................................................................................................................12
4.1 Theories and models of curriculum and development.........................................................12
4.2 Ways of curriculum development........................................................................................13
Task-5............................................................................................................................................14
5.1 Theories and models of reflection and evaluation...............................................................14
5.2 Ways of reflection and evaluation.......................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Learning can be defined as a way of acquiring skills or knowledge or experience which is
being taught to an individual (Darling-Hammond and et.al., 2020). Learning is one of the most
important things which is required to be focused upon by a college student in order to acquire
knowledge by studying, attending lecturers and through many other ways. There are various
kinds of theories, models and principles of learning that can help in understanding concept of
learning. These theories, model and principles of learning can directly help teachers and
educators to understand ways in which a student learn, ways in which their learning and
knowledge can be assessed. These theories further help assessors to understand ways in which
learning preferences of learners different from each other and methods with the of which these
theories of learning and learning preferences that are applicable to teaching as well as in
learning. This assessment will focus upon theories, models and principles of learning, learning
preferences, curriculum, and ways in which these theories and models can be applied to teaching,
learning and assessment. It will further focus upon development of ways or methods in which
these ways or methods can be applied in development of curricula in management specialization,
models of evaluation as well as reflection and ways in which it can be applied for reviewing
one’s own practice.
Task-1
1.1 Analysis of learning model, principles and theories
There are various kinds of theories of learning that can be adopted and applied by lecturer
in college. There are various theories of learning but mostly commonly only three main theories
of learning are focused upon, that are: Behavioural, cognitive, humanist learning theories.
Behavioural learning theory: As per this theory, behaviour of a student is based upon a fact
that a student or a learner majorly behaves asper their interaction with the environment in which
they live in or study in (Walker, 2017). In other words, mostly students have a tendency of
responding to things that they have seen around them. Their behaviour is refined as per the
changing conditions around them.
Cognitive learning theory: It is another theory of learning that focuses upon ways in which a
student think. It helps in explaining learning is a process through which learning is acquired by
thinking, experiencing, and sensing. Mental process is one of the most important part of
understanding ways in which an individual learn. As per this theory learning can be influenced

by both internal and external elements. This theory clearly helps in explaining ways in which a
human being thinks. Mental process followed by people to learn and give instructions does not
helps learners in learning but in fact it further teaches the learner in taking part in process that
helps in establishing knowledge and learning.
Humanist learning theory: This theory directly focuses upon idea of self-actualization i.e.,
everyone functions under hierarchy of needs. When a person feels that all of their needs are
being fulfilled only then they can focus upon learning by seeing best possible version of
themselves (Lewis and Thompson, 2017). It is one of the best approach that can be used by
teachers in management colleges where they can create an environment to help students to get
closer to their self-actualization so that they feel comfortable in learning when their needs are
being supported.
Other than these theories there are five main principles of learning that can be focused upon by
lecturers or teachers in classrooms, that are: participation, repetition, relevance, transference and
feedback.
1.2 Explanation of different ways through theories, models and principles of learning can be used
and applied in an effective manner to learning, teaching and assessment
There are many different methods though which above identified learning theories,
models and principles can be applied in an effective manner to learning, teaching and
assessment. Some of these ways have been explained below:
 By linking existing aspects of practise with theories: Teachers can focus upon linking their
current teaching practises with existing learning theories. Teacher can focus upon developing
a classroom environment where students are encouraged to participate in learning, answering
questions asked in classrooms (Franquesa-Soler, Barraza. and Serio-Silva, 2019). Not only
this, if any students answer in classrooms, then they would be rewarded. This will not only
help in development of learning environment within classroom but provision of rewards to
students will encourage them to learn as they would feel that their needs are getting fulfilled.
Teachers can also include open assessment which is being cross checked by student
themselves so that they can understand ways in which their learning is being assessed and
improvement that they need to bring within their learning.
 Development of teachers own theories or practises by using existing theories and practises:
teachers can develop their own practise using existing learning theories or principles of