Theories, Principles and Models in Education and Training

Theories, Principles and
Models in Education and
Training

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Theories, principles and models of learning..........................................................................3
1.2 Ways in which theories, models and principles which applied to teaching and assessment.4
1.3 Models of learning preferences.............................................................................................4
1.4 Explanation of how identifying of learners’ individual learning preferences enables
inclusive learning and teaching assessment.................................................................................5
2.1 Theories, Principle and Models of Communication..............................................................6
2.2 Application of Theories, Principle and Model of Communication.......................................6
3.1 Theories, Principle and Model of Assessment......................................................................6
3.2 Application of theories, principles, and models of assessment.............................................7
4.1 Theories and Models of Curriculum Development...............................................................7
4.2 Application of Theories and Models of Curriculum Development.......................................7
5.1 Reflection and evaluation model...........................................................................................7
5.2 Ways in which models of reflection can be applied to review one’s own practise...............8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Learning refers to act and process of acquiring knowledge and skills, through experience,
practice and by being taught by someone.This report includes discussion over theories, principle
and models of learning. This report also includes theories and principle of assessment and ways
in which it can be used in assessment of learning. Lastly, theories and models of reflection and
evaluation and ways in which these can be applied to review own practices have been discussed
in report.
1.1 Theories, principles and models of learning
There are several effective theories and models of learning such as:
Behaviourist theory; It is one of the best theories of learningwhich is mainly based on the
idea that students or learners can acquire their behaviours via conditioning. This conditioning
occurthrough an effective interaction with environment. So, with an effective interaction and
making themselves an effective communicator, learners can improve their learning skills.
Social development theory: It is one of the effective theory which makes learners able to
work more independently with knowledge which they have acquired already. In addition, it can
also be said that learners can gain knowledge by comparing themselves from better students
which is known as Zone of proximal development. Learners can make an effective use of
specialized knowledge in improving their learning (Lefrancois, 2019).
Emergentist model: As per this model, learners can apply their existing knowledge to a
constructive way for making effective decisions as well as generating ideas. Procedural
education system plays an important role as it allows students to use their past experience for
understating something in a better way.
Inductive and deductive approach: As per the deductive approach of learning, it is
important to make learners practical in order to introduce the main topic. This approach is
considered as teacher cantered in which lecturers take participate in practical project and let all
learners know about the topic and increase their knowledge. On the other hand, in inductive
approach, in which lecturers show some examples of implicated rules and main focus on
practical and then rules (Agarkar and Brock, 2017).

So, from the above discussed models, theories and approaches, it can be said that different
types of learners can choose the best one as per their nature and way of learning things.
1.2 Ways in which theories, models and principles which applied to teaching and assessment
There are different ways by which learners can apply theories, principles and models to
their assessment and learning. Some ways are discussed below:
Theory of personality: It is one of the best ways which discusses impacts of behaviours in
learning. Different learners have different ways of learning and completing their assessment. By
making an effective use of this theory, different types of learners, teachers can apply their ways
of teaching and acquiring knowledge after the lecture, they can also collect diversity in skills and
personality development. There are mainly 2 types of learners such as: dyslexic and non-
dyslexic. So, it is important for teachers to arrange some audio format and appropriate ways to
increase knowledge of both learners.
Competency based programmes: Competency based programmes is also known as an
effective ways to increase knowledge and skills of learners. As per this programme, teachers
present that knowledge which is required and relevant to be implicated for innovation. These
programmes also help learners in analyzing problems, identifying the best solution according to
the problem. So, it can be said that this programme can improve overall productivity and
performance of learners (Black and Wiliam, 2018).
Product focused technique: Here, learning process is considered as products product for
teachers and learners. As per this technique, by focusing on product or learning process, all
students can provide examples of learning. It is affordable as same supportive systems are being
provided in classrooms.
Experiential learning model: This model is an effective way as it allows people or
students to take participates in stimulating as well as engaging activities. It can make them feel
valued and motivated. One of the main purposes of using this model is it supports students or
learners in learning all those things which they want to learn and also connect their prior
knowledge with learning for making this process easier. By doing so they not only learn what
they want to learn but can also solve different problems by applying their learning and
knowledge in different situations (Dayu, 2018).