Effect of short-term exercise on cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems

Human Physiology
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Table of contents:
Introduction ................................................................... 4
Results.......................................................................... 5
Discussion..................................................................... 8
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List of figures:
Figure 1 - Effect of exercise on respiratory rate..................6
Figure 2 - Effect of exercise on pulse pressure...................7
Figure 3 - Effect of exercise on FeCO2..............................8
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Introduction:
During short-term exercise different systems like cardiovascular, respiratory and
muscular systems work in integration. Muscles must extensively during exercise and
it consume more oxygen. Respiratory system responds quickly and lungs breath
faster to improve intake of oxygen. Hence, it results in the increase in the breathing
rate and tidal volume. Heart also carry more oxygenated blood. Heart initiate
pumping of the blood at the faster rate and it produces augmented heart rate. It
results in the increased stroke volume and cardiac output. It leads to raised blood
pressure during exercise. Exercise lead to more activity of musculoskeletal system.
Cardiovascular system and respiratory system are helpful in maintaining sustained
movement during the exercise. Physiological adaptation of both cardiovascular and
respiratory system is responsible for the Improvement in the efficiency and capability
of the human body. Usually, cardiovascular and respiratory system become
responsive to reduced rate of work. However, both these systems are not responsive
to increased rate of work. Augmented oxygen requirement leads to increased
cardiac output. However, raised cardiac output remains stagnant after reaching its
maximum value (Plowman & Smith, 2013; Ehrman et al., 2013).
Augmented rate of work leads to raised skeletal muscle oxygen requirement and
oxygen uptake (VO2). Raised oxygen requirement lead to augmented cardiovascular
parameters like cardiac output, heart rate and blood pressure because most the
cardiovascular parameters influence each other. Cardiac output is defined as total
volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle per minute. Cardiac output is the
product of heart rate and stroke volume. Volume of blood pumped per heart beat is
called as stroke volume (Plowman & Smith, 2013). Difference between the total
oxygen in arterial and mixed venous blood is termed as arterial-mixed venous
oxygen. Human-being’s maximum oxygen uptake depends on cardiac output and
arterial-mixed venous oxygen. All the cardiovascular parameters do not increase to
same proportion during exercise. There is full extent augmentation in the cardiac
output and heart rate; however, maximal oxygen uptake increases upto 50 %
(Ehrman et al., 2013).
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