A Comment on Vaivio (2008) and its Relevance to Training and Development

The provided content consists of a collection of academic articles and online resources related to training and development in organizations. The articles cover various aspects such as the role of special education training, scientific methods for training, employee development, leadership training, and the importance of training and development in an organization. Additionally, there are references to research methodology, data analysis, and case study research. Overall, the content provides a diverse range of perspectives and insights on training and development.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Table of Contents
TASK 1 RESEARCH PROPOSAL.................................................................................................1
1.1 State the research topic .........................................................................................................1
Title.............................................................................................................................................1
Aim and objective of the study...................................................................................................1
1.2 Background of the study why it is important ?.....................................................................1
1.3 Literature review for the current research ............................................................................2
1.4 Research Hypothesis.............................................................................................................5
1.5 Provide an appropriate GANTT CHART to show the main activities/stages of the
research and how long each activity would take to complete.....................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
2.1 Matching resources efficiently to the research question or hypothesis. Discussing about
human, financial, technological factors regarding this research.................................................2
2.2 Developing the Questionnaire regarding the topic ...............................................................2
2.3 Recording and collating the relevant data.............................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Use of appropriate research evaluation techniques...............................................................7
3.2 Interpreting and analysing the results...................................................................................8
3.3 Make recommendation and justify areas for further consideration ...................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

TASK 1 RESEARCH PROPOSAL
1.1 State the research topic
Title
To analyse the implication of training and development on the performance of the
subordinates of Marriott.
Aim and objective of the study
The present study is done to assess the effect of training and development on the
employees with respect to the Marriott hotel. The present study is going to be done with certain
objectives that are stated below.
 To analyse the training and development concept
 For the exploration of training and development tools
 To determine the factors affects the training and development ion the stated hotel
 Recommendation of the techniques that can be utilized by the hotel (Amara and 2016).
Research Questions
 What do you understand by the concept of training and development ?
 What are the tools that can be used to facilitate training and development?
 What are the factors that affects the training and development session Marriott hotel?
1.2 Background of the study why it is important ?
Training and development plays an essential role in the success of an employees and the
organization as well. This process helps an employee to improve their current position for the
attainment of the future needs. With the help of this, the employees will be able to perform their
operations well. In addition to this, the employees will also be able to face the implemented
changes in the organization ( Pollock, Wick and Jefferson, 2015). This will also assist them to
tackle shortcomings which is being faced by the organization. The delegation of several
operations and jobs can be done effectively by the implementation of the same. In this respect for
Marriott hotel the employees are the most essential part where they are required to offer timely
trainings. The organization has different departments and areas where they are required to work.
However, the organization is needed to offer requisite training so that this can ultimately help the
customers. Adoption of the same will remain helpful for this hotel to attain its goals and

objectives. It is necessary for the management of Hotel to adapt concerned training and
development programmes so that the strategies and plans can be implemented (Amagada, 2006).
1.3 Literature review for the current research
Concept of training and development
As per the view of (Tracy, 2012), training and development is the most important factor
which is required to be adopted by the organization. It helps in supporting the staff to improve
and raise their knowledge and skills. In addition to it, this process not only helps the employee at
professional level but also at personal level. Further, it turn effortless to move out the leading
transactions and in turn acts as improvement means for the whole institution (Pollock, Wick and
Jefferson, 2015). Furthermore, it is well famed fact that all structures operates on broad basis and
because to this ground it is essential to present correct training to the manpower so that they can
work expeditiously. By providing effective training to the employees, it remain useful for the
different level of the employees. However, it can argued that in order to perform effectively each
and every business organization needs to have an effective strategic plans. This will allow the
organization to gain competitive advantage. With the help of such plans, the organization will be
able to implement the effective training and development plan. Investment in training and
development will help the company to raise its profitability and productivity. On another side, as
per (Tracy, 2012). , training and development is an essential activity over which the organization
need to make decisions. This provides a prime opportunity to the learner to get expertise
practical knowledge with the help of this session. However, each and every organization needs to
analyse the needs and requirement of the training and development programmes. This will assist
the employees to gain good amount of knowledge and skills with the help of concerned training
programmes. This will also provide an opportunity to get the desired position for the
achievement of personal goals.
Importance of training and development
According to (Amara and 2016), training offers an opportunity for widening the
knowledge and skills of an individual. But in the organizations it is seen that training
programmes are considered to be expensive. Due to excess of work, the employees generally
miss out the training sessions which leads to delay in the completion of the tasks and projects.
There are several advantages of training and development such bas it address the weakness of the
individual. It helps in strengthening the those skills of the employees which is responsible for

affecting the work. However, the training and development is crucial for the organization
because this is the only tool through which the performance of the employees get enhanced. As a
result, this ultimately helps the company. On other side, as per (Amagada, 2006), this process
also helps in attaining the satisfaction level of the subordinates. The investment in grooming that
a institution makes display the workers they are valued. The effective training prepares a
subsidiary workplace. Workers may gain access to training they wouldn't have otherwise known
about or sought out themselves. Subordinates who feel gratifying and challenged through
training opportunities can have an opportunity to enhance their performance. As per (), a well
developed training programme can remain useful for the employee to work in consistent manner.
This will assist them to aware of all the upcoming issues and problems. In context to this, the
process helps the employees to be the most helping element in the attainment of the goals and
objectives of the company. The overall impact of the training and development programme will
be on the performance of the company. This will assist the company to stand in the market with
the skilled and talented human resources (Seidle, Fernandez and Perry, 2016).

Outcome of training and development on performance of organizational members
In the opinion of Pollock, Wick and Jefferson, 2015 training and development has
through consequence on the work performance of employees working within the company. With
the help of training and development session organizational members can adopt new
skills,knowledge and competence which are practically used in the business functions and thus
results into extreme job satisfaction also. Training and development session enable employees to
learn from the past mistakes so that they are not repeated in future. Furthermore, without
effective grooming session it is not possible for company to work on performance of its
employees. In the opinion of Seidle, Fernandez and Perry, (2016) training and development
session are important as it help employees in attaining the industry standards by regularly
improving the quality of work performed by them. However, Tracy, 2012 argued that training
and development session involve significant amount of money due to which operational cost of
business may rise. Training and development facilitate the employees to realize new methods of
performing out functions within the company and thus creativity can be introduced. The training
also help in reducing the wastage of resources by developing expertise among employees. In the
views of Amagada, 2006 training and development renders a opportunity for grooming the
technical, communication and other behavioural skills in company which further improvise their
their personal growth. Thus, training session facilitate career development of employees which
boost its morale and encourage it to give their best efforts. Noe and et.al., 2014 stated that
training and development assist in enhancing the job knowledge and abilities of employees at
each level. This assist to grow the horizons of human intelligence and entire personality of the
organizational member. Further, training and development is the best tool that can be used to fill
the gap between the actual and required skill of employee (Importance of training and
development in an organization. 2015).
Methods of training and development
In the views of Pollock, Wick and Jefferson, (2015) contrasting methods of training and
development that are instantly available to company with the aid of which suitable knowledge
can be provided to employees within the establishment. Therefore, on the job and off the job
techniques are the methods that are used widely to develop the different skills and knowledge
among the organizational members. On the job training methods refers to ways that are used to

improve the learning and upgrading the skills of employees while it is working. It included
methods like, mentoring, coaching, job rotation, understudy, apprenticeship and job instructional
training etc. With the help of On the job training techniques company will let its employees to
acquire new knowledge and return they can with efficiency execute work within the company.
On the other hand, it has been stated by Noe and et.al., 2014 that off the job training methods
relates to grooming provided to employees other that work environment. It further include
methods like, coaching, mentoring, simulation, case study, management games lecturers,
conferences, role playing etc. are some off the job training methods. With the help of discussed
methods learning and information is shared among staff members. Nevertheless Pazey and Cole,
2013 contend that on the job methods are mostly adopted by company as they are advantageous
where knowledge regarding work is provided to employees working within company. It
increases the self-confidence of the employees and they positively involved in the main
decisions of company. Thus, both training and development methods are reasoned as highly
advantageous for transmission of learning knowledge and development of skills among the
employees in company.
1.4 Research Hypothesis
It can be stated that the investigation can only be successful if the adopted tools and
techniques are effective. It is because if the ineffective tools are adopted then it can leave an
imp[-act on the success of the stated organization. With the help of effective methodology, the
organization will be able to decide the useful methods which can be adopted in the hotel. This
will result in improving the current position of the employee and the company as well. There are
certain methods of investigation are defined below.
Research design: A research design can be bifurcated in different kinds such as experimental,
descriptive, correlation and semi-experimental. On the basis of present situation, the implication
of training and development on stated hotel is going to be done with the adoption of descriptive
research. Descriptive research is important theory that takes into consideration the general
theories. This research gathers the facts about the topic under study and facilitate in application
of different theories and models so as to accomplish the conclusion for the same. This method
will assist the management of Hilton to identify the best training and development methods for
its employees (Tracy, 2012).

Research type: The investigation can be conducted with the help of different ways. It is crucial
for the investigator to upgrade his knowledge and present skills. As per the investigation, the
suitable method is qualitative research. This will help the investigator to know the root of the
subject study.
Data collection: This is the most important step through which the crucial data is gathered foe
the particular research subject. For the current research both the types of methods are applied.
Here, a questionnaire will be prepared with relation to the training and development which leads
to collect the primary data with authentic source. However, secondary data will be collected
with the consideration of books, journals and internet. This will assist the user to get appropriate
amount of data and information for the stated subject (Goddard and Melville, 2004).
Data analysis: This is the technique where implication of the information is done with the help
of various sources. Here, thematic tool will be applied for the investigation purpose. In addition
to this, a questionnaire will be prepared with the consideration of several questions which will be
further asked by the employees.
Sampling: There are 20 people are opted for the present investigation. However, the selection
will be done on the basis of random sampling. In this method, the samples are selected randomly
where the use of probability sampling will be done (Goddard and Melville, 2004
1.5 Provide an appropriate GANTT CHART to show the main activities/stages of the research
and how long each activity would take to complete
Planning is the process of bridging the gap between present and future. With the help[ of
effective planning, the research will be done in a determined direction. However, the planning
purpose can be attained with the adaption of Gantt chart. The stated tool will assist the
investigator to carry out the activities on the specific time. As the implementation of the project
will be needed to define a period of time. With the help of this tool, the investigator will be able
to plan and schedule the activities in an effective manner (Seidle, Fernandez and Perry, 2016).

Activity/Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Preparation of research proposal
Evaluation of aims and objectives
Literature review
Research methodology
Data collection for the study
Data analysis
Research conclusion
Recommendations
Final Submission of report
Conclusion
From the above proposal, it can be concluded that the research needs to develop the aims
and objectives in efficacious manner. As the complete research is based on the aims and
objectives. In context to this, the above proposal can be explained better with the help of Gantt
chart which leads to offer an appropriate direction for conducting the research. At the time of
selection of tools and techniques it is necessary to adopt effectively so that the aims and
objective of the research can be attained.
1

TASK 2
2.1 Matching resources efficiently to the research question or hypothesis. Discussing about
human, financial, technological factors regarding this research
The main objective of this project under which in order to evaluate the impact on training
and development. In order to perform study related to this topic different resources are needed.
The main resource required by investigator is financial resource. The significant funds are
needed to obtain data from different sources etc. in every step of the research financial resources
are required (Khalid, 2009). Thereafter, human resources are needed to carry out the research.
They further put their knowledge,skills and efforts to attain the purpose of the study. Thereafter,
technological resources also play influential role in completing the research in best possible
manner. Such as emails, social sites can be used to facilitate exchange of information. Other than
this, time is another vital resource that is required in performing the study (Lillis, 2008).
2.2 Developing the Questionnaire regarding the topic
Grounds for the existing research can be transcribed as well as collected with the assist of
questionnaire. It will concern to the use of both open and close ended questions which has
power in making logical thinking of the responses of UKBC students with effectiveness. The
questionnaire is presented as below
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Designation:
1. From how long you have been working within Marriott hotel?
 Less than one year
 1-2 years
 3-5 years
 More than five year
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2. Is company providing effective opportunity for your training and development?
 Yes
 No
3. From among the subsequent method which method is employed by Marriott hotel for
training of its employees?
 On the job methods
 Off the job techniques
 Both
4. Is your opinion is training and development assist in enhancing employees knowledge and
skills?
 Yes
 No
5. Stated your agreement level with the prospect that training increases the satisfaction level aof
the employees working in Marriott hotel?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neither agree nor disagree
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
6. Do you think that role of training and development is crucial in enhancing the performance
and productivity of staff members?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neither agree nor disagree
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
77 Does the training method emphasize on developing team work and leadership skills
among employees?
 Yes
 No
3

8. Does the training and development program help the employees to be accountable and
authoritative in making decisions?
 Yes
 No
9. How often the training program must be conducted in company?
 Every Month
 Every Quarter
 Half yearly
 Once in a year
10. Please suggest the training methods that can be exploited for accelerating the job
performance of employees?
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.3 Recording and collating the relevant data
1. From how long you have been
working within Marriott hotel?
Less than one year 8
1-2 years 5
3-5 years 3
More than five year 4
2. Is company providing effective
4

opportunity for your training and
development?
Yes 16
No 4
3. From among the subsequent method
which method is employed by Marriott
hotel for training of its employees?
On the job methods 14
Off the job techniques 5
4. Is your opinion is training and
development assist in enhancing
employees knowledge and skills?
Yes 18
No 2
5. Stated your agreement level with the
5

prospect that training increases the
satisfaction level aof the employees
working in Marriott hotel?
Strongly agree 11
Agree 4
Neither agree nor disagree 2
Disagree 3
6. Do you think that role of training and
development is crucial in enhancing the
performance and productivity of staff
members?
Strongly agree 9
Agree 5
Neither agree nor disagree 2
Disagree 1
7. Does the training method emphasize
on developing team work and leadership
skills among employees?
6

Yes 15
No 5
Yes 17
No 3
9. How often the training program must
be conducted in company?
Every Month 12
Every Quarter 4
Half yearly 4
Once in a year 0
TASK 3
3.1 Use of appropriate research evaluation techniques
Different evaluation techniques can be adopted for answering the desired questions.
Broadly, there are two research evaluation techniques can be used, formative and summative .
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Here, in the present study, formative technique can be used. In case of formative research, the
motive is to deliver the requisite information related with the improvement of the quality of
work. Formative research helps in analysing different methods which can be taken into
consideration for authenticate purpose (Goddard and Melville, 2004). On another side,
summative evaluation helps in analysing the operating cycle and gross findings. The main
consideration is on assessing the impact of training and development on the performance of
employees working within Marriott. Formative techniques will help in understanding the target
audience and thereby facilitating the attainment of objectives of the study (Kumar, 2014). The
two methods will assist the management of Marriott to attain its goals and objectives. This will
also helps the investigator at make an appropriate analysis on the research process. As a result,
the corrective measures will be taken by the organization with the help of the same. In addition
to this, the firm will be able to identify the appropriate sources and tools for the improvement of
the employee performance (Lyons, 2011).
3.2 Interpreting and analysing the results
Theme 1: Majority of the respondents employees are working for less than 1 year
Interpretation: From the 20 respondents 8 said that they are working for less than 1 year in
Marriott hotel. Therefore, it can be stated that there is greater need of training in new employees.
8

Theme 2: The majority respondents states that Marriott hotel is rendering effective
opportunities for training and development of its employees
Interpretation: From the information gathered it has been found company is rendering best
possible opportunities for development of skills and knowledge of its employee. 80% out of 20
respondents agreed that Marriott is providing best opportunity for grooming to its employees.
Theme 3: The majority of respondents agree that training and development assist in
enhancing employees knowledge and skills
9

Interpretation: Information gathered has supported in knowing that training help in improving
the satisfaction level of staff members. Further, 8 out of 20 customers strongly agree with this
fact, 5 agree, 3 are neutral, 3 disagree and 1 strongly disagree. This shows that training is
important for boosting the morale of employee
Theme 4: The training increases the satisfaction level of the employees working in Marriott
hotel
10

Theme 5: The role of training and development is crucial in enhancing the performance
and productivity of staff members
Interpretation: From the information collected it has been identified that training and
development play a crucial role in increasing the performance and productivity of employees
where 45% out of 20 employees strongly agree with this fact 25% agree with this fact, 10% are
neutral, 5% respondents disagree and 15% strongly disagree.
Theme 6: The training method emphasize on developing team work and leadership skills
among employees
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3.3 Make recommendation and justify areas for further consideration
From the above study, it can be ended over by saying that training and development play
a indispensable role in intensifying the performance of employees. With the assistance of
primary data it has been understood that various off the job and on the job training methods can
be exploited to amend the performance of employees within the organization. Thereafter,
training is playing a viable role in increasing the satisfaction level of employees by boosting their
morale and worth in entity. Thereafter, from the secondary sources also it has been ascertained
that training and development have direct impact on the productivity and performance of
business by amending the skills and knowledge of employees. Thereafter, following
recommendation can be given:
 The need based training and development sessions must be organized so as to upgrade the
skills of employees.
 The technology like, video conferencing, presentation etc can be used to facilitate
training.
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 Time to time feedback can be obtained from employees so as to know their training needs
and accordingly their satisfaction level can be obtained easily.
 There must be proper coaching and mentoring techniques for training purpose.
 Proper funds must be assigned for organizing training and development sessions every
month.
TASK 4
Covered in Power point presentation.
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DEVELOPMENT. Global Journal of Human Resource Management. 4(1). pp.1-12.
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Lyons, P. R., 2011. Scientific methods for training: applications and practice. Journal of
European Industrial Training. 35(4). pp.368 – 384.
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Mann, S., 2016. Training and Development. In The Research Interview (pp. 255-281). Palgrave
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