Research Skills and Using Information

The report provides an overview of the background of electric cars, the challenges and opportunities for their adoption, and whether the UK is ready for an electric-car-revolution. The report also includes a comparison between academic papers, including purpose, methodology, and results, and a CAARP test for checking the authenticity factor.

Research Skills and
Using Information

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK-A...........................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION OF ARTICLES............................................................................................3
BACKGROUND OF ELECTRIC CARS...................................................................................4
IS UK READY FOR AN ELECTRIC-CAR-REVOLUTION ..................................................4
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION................5
TASK-B ..........................................................................................................................................7
SUMMARY................................................................................................................................7
COMPARISON BETWEEN ACADEMIC PAPERS INCLUDING PURPOSE,
METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS..........................................................................................8
CAARP Test................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Research skills are known as the capability to search for, find, identify, extract, manage
data, execute in using or a present information that should be relevant to the topic chosen. An
academic research is typical type of research that focuses on detailed and systematic
investigation into some part/case of study. In this respective report the chose topic is “The use of
electric cars in the UK”. With the reference of this topic the specified information has been
explained as further. The electric cars were being used in 2021 against a market. Despite the fact,
more of a battery electric vehicles(BEV) were purchased than comparing to the previous five
years(2016-2020) (Kumar,Guha and Chakraborty, 2022). In this report there will be given a
detailed analysis of uses of electric cars in context to UK, challenges and opportunity for it's
adoption, UK willingness for electric car revolution, the summary of both presentations and at
the end is CAARP test done for checking the authenticity factor.
TASK-A
INTRODUCTION OF ARTICLES
There has been a tremendous increase in the sale of electric cars in UK, in the case more
than 40% models are present as plug-ins. The companies such as Tesla, Ford, Nissan, Vauxhall
have boomed their model line ups to combine worth buying plug-in models. As far the premium
brand Volkswagen has been accelerating a step above and invented electric-only ID. When a
person purchases an electric car in the UK then he/she will be eventually qualify for a discount
of £1,500 if the car comes above £32,000. The plug-in car grant(PICG) has been formed by
government and it automatically gets the amount deducted from the advertised car price. There
are more than 16,395 public electric vehicle charging devices available in UK. Among them
3,500 are rapid EV chargers. In Scotland, UK there are highest number of EV charging devices
per 100,000 of the figure of population of 47 in England are 36, in Wales are 29, in Northern
Ireland are 17. Till the month end of June 2021, approximately 39.2 million licensed vehicles
were established in the UK but about 300,000 of them were counted in EVs. In 2021 maximum
number of electric cars were sold with more of a 1990,727 new EVs were registered.

BACKGROUND OF ELECTRIC CARS
Going backwards in 1996, the first electric vehicle introduced by Scooter's India Pvt. Ltd.
was a three-wheeler and it is used to called VIKRAM SAFA. Before that an electric motor or so
called small electric car was invented by Anyos Jedlik in 1828. In 19th century when electric
vehicles had a start they didn't earned that much because of their high cost, short distance
covered and low speed (Felser, 2022). They came into existence just for transportation and
public convenience, in a special case is railways. As the gas-powered vehicles used to pollute
more and more of the environment, another advantage of using them was that there was no gear
system. Due to this concern the interest in electric vehicles was gradually getting greater. A
disadvantage was that it could be only used within the city because of it's short range coverage.
But with plus points it doesn't have a manual start and runs with vibration/no sound.
IS UK READY FOR AN ELECTRIC-CAR-REVOLUTION
There are several uses found for electric cars in United Kingdom which helps the country
in many ways are as follows-
 Energy Security – Using energy source like transportation by electricity brings a
resiliency benefits. The most secured energy source is when various types of fuels are
used in electric cars for this generation. After-all this provides security to the nation.
HEVs typically consume so less fuel than conventional cars. (Is UK ready for an electric
car evolution,2019 [online])
 Fuel Economy – The good achieving fuel economy and also cost of fuel is so low of
HEVs in comparative to the conventional cars. All the types of electric cars – EVs,
PHEVs and HEVs does decreases cost of their fuel because of the electronic parts are
highly efficient. The fuel economy of EVs and PHEVs are calculate in a different way in
comparison to conventional vehicles that is Miles Per Gallon of Gasoline
Equivalent(MPGe) and killowatt-hours(kWh) per 100 miles. It also depends on how the
driver maintains by driving their PHEVs if it is light duty it consumes over 25-40 kWh
and can be driven till 100 miles or even can be used up to 130 MGPe. Whether a PHEVs
and EVs of medium to heavy duty are much reliable on the quantity of load it's dealing
ant the duty-cycle (Ma,Xu, and Fan 2022).
 Infrastructure Challenges – PHEVs and EVs are flexible to charge. They are easily
parked anywhere and can be charged within one night at any places like home, multi-unit

dwelling, workplace, or public charging stations are offered by the companies. PHEVs
are easy to refuel in condition with gasoline or diesel. The charging stations are setup
according to the city's infrastructure and the count of electric cars on an average are being
sold. The charging points are thereby increasing according to the growth of sale so this is
how these systems are more adaptable (Fadeyi and Markus, 2022).
 Emissions – Hybrid and plug-in electric cars are more convenient in emissions. The type
HEVs are dependent on car's model and type of the hybrid power system. PHEVs and
EVs makes no tailpipe emissions only in all electric system. The life cycle of emissions
are also reliable on the sources used to charge the electric cars that are different according
to the different regions. In some areas the electric cars are relatively less polluting
sources of energy for manufacturing. Some regions are dependable strongly on
conventional electricity vehicle generation, PHEVS and EVs are not considered heavily
life cycle emissions benefits.
 Battery technology – The purpose to design plug-in electric vehicle batteries was to
serve the model for an extended life but it eventually wear-and-tear it till the time. The
companies are now offering up-to 8 years/100,000 miles battery warranties. According to
the studies by National Renewable Energy Laboratory tells us in Predictive modelling
that nowadays batteries can last till 12-15 years in except extreme climate conditions.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION
The UK government has initially announced a ban on new petrol and diesel sale of
vehicles. Eventually the growth of EV market is going to accelerate itself in those coming years.
Such a charging infrastructure of UK does recommend to invest into a new or used EV. The
studies found that electric cars will be outselling diesel and mild hybrid diesel. Petrol is also set
to be the most prioritized/ significant fuel for car buyers till the next few years remaining
(Maculewicz and Osz, 2022). Meanwhile diesel is expectedly niche-choice over some time as the
drivers prefer for cleaning and cheaper plug-in alternatives. Almost about 190,727 registrations,
meanwhile plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs) made a sale of aggregately 114,554 cars. In
resultant of it expectedly 18.5% of the electric cars which were registered in 2021 can be
plugged in. There has been a projection that EV market is expanding in UK. They are booming
for about 186% in 2020 as well as today it's an estimate for 370,000 electric vehicles on the
country UK and the plug-in hybrids for 710,000. The given benefits below are in context to UK -

 Lifetime costs – They are cheaper source for a long term period and also the
maintenance cost is so low because of the so less moving parts in comparative to the
conventional cars.
 Cleaner air – This will thus save our environment as electric vehicles doesn't pollute the
atmosphere. Thus there will be less smoke and no smog problems, the earth will be saved
from ozone depletion.
 Charging infrastructure – It saves time in the manner that any person can charge the
batteries overnight and get himself ready with saving his time by not waiting on fuel
stations. They can be charge anywhere by plug-in facilities at home, at work place,
public electric charging stations. (Challenges and opportunities for Electric Vehicle
Adoption,2018 [online])
 Quiet Drives – They do not produce sound of loud combustion engines. This also shows
less annoyance , therefore it stables and relaxes the environment alike without any sound
pollution.
 More energy efficiency – Energy in electric cars is transferred more efficiently as
comparative to motor cars because the time and power consumed to transfer in engine
takes more of it than petroleum engines (Djafarova and Foots, 2022).
 Lasts longer – As because of less moving parts in electric cars, it is less susceptible to
get damaged soon before time and also reduces the quantity of waste material going out.
This adds time to their lives.
 More reliability – A person can be more reliable than his expectations as less parts get
spoiled. They do not need to get it repaired again and again.
 Cheaper energy - Oil prices are hiking by the time goes which is dependent on a set of
countries. So the electric cars are more preferable by seeing the future costs as it doesn't
need to be spend much on charging.
 Without combustion engine – It doesn't have combustion engine because electric cars
are served by less number of parts in it according to it's weight, this provides security to
the car. Combustion engines need to be maintained on a daily basis.
 Conserving environment – Utilization of electric cars have been promoting for persons
to be conservationist. It will be protected throughout by decreasing greenhouse gas
emissions. People will also participate in reducing their own carbon footprint.

TASK-B
SUMMARY
Here now summarizing the report of the two presentations explained above. The electric
cars in UK have their own advantages in the terms of its uses to the environment, health, energy
resources, economy, time, costs, infrastructure. As it is known that electric cars are much
environment friendly. The companies have been nowadays exceeding their share value and that's
an incentive for them to keep on updating into technologies, that also provides an excessive
market share value, the competition among all those brands have been accelerated so they are
bringing a much better efficient models in the market there on. The electric cars in today's world
shows status in the society, these cars are also used in Formula 1 racing styles, the brand
ambassadors also exclusively features the Tesla and other electric models to promote their
performance capabilities. They are designed luxuriously with the cost effectiveness and without
environment consciousness (Diana and Chicco, 2022).
When the electric cars are imported into countries, their source of energy can be handled
as per the more of the people opted for it. But whenever labour gets shortened for an instance
once experiences in 1970s leads to the disaffected reliability on oil. However, there is ned to
exploit clean energy resources for reproducing electricity. Many of the countries secure their
interests with no oil trade relation influencing.
Excluding hybrids, the electric cars are preferable option. Even hybrid cars are also a
environment friendly option somehow, they run on petrol and electricity as well, but are so
complicated to be fixed than fully electric vehicles. That makes them a preferable option to
adopt electric-only cars. With today's technology in the better infrastructure the public charging
stations are increasing to facilitate there on. The infrastructure is also tend to dependable on
needs of these type of cars functioning (Shelake and Minde2022).
As it is known that electric cars doesn't expose to harmful gases from the exhaust of fuel
engines toxics are produced like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, matter that is
suspended and little bit of sulphur dioxide. By these gases eventually we are suffered from lung
cancer and breathing problems. The world will be in safe hands if we use electric-only cars. If an
individual is adopting an electric car it's definite that he is investing in clean energy sources.
They may apply a solar panel in their homes, appreciatively that's an good to way to coordinated
adoption of green energy. This helps in decreasing carbon footprints and also gives incentives for

going on growth to renewable energy firms and their functioning technologies (Boretti and
Castelletto, 2022).
UK political actions were necessary to be taken for 2030 so that it will now encourage
the public to invest further from now onwards towards electric cars. The people will need to
legally attempt actions and start thinking for their selves as well as the environment conservative.
After that this can be addressed that when should appropriately a person charge his vehicle and
according to the technology what specific issues are the facing in geographical locations – so the
grid needs to be expanded in UK, the vehicles work on as storage devices or batteries so often
there can be chance that the vehicle gets insufficient power for rapid and ultra-high speed
charging. The UK Government should focus on subsidised charging public stations, such
formation of policies should be done to enhance the lifestyle and add up a little bit of helping
factor to the citizens. Hence the nation should adopt low emission zones in the cities and
government takes action like increase taxation on the combustion engines. In industrial regions
the work of transportation is to be done by combustion engines, so these things need to be taken
care by electrification (Darab, 2022).
These changes would affect public lifestyles and inevitably begin changes to their
behaviour. It will also involve combat to global climate change. This is a big solution for the
whole world.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ACADEMIC PAPERS INCLUDING PURPOSE,
METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS
CAARP Test
Criteria Is the UK ready for an
electric car evolution
Challenges and
opportunities for Electric
Vehicle Adoption

Currency This information was
published on 3rd November
2019. This information is not
revised yet, this is that latest
extract about electric cars. It is
current information for at
present. The links are every
time active.
The findings in this
presentation was posted on
September 2018. This
information containing in the
report is the latest post. This
is a current article topic taken
the uses of electric cars in UK.
The links are functioning 24*7
hours.
Authority The author for the information
is University of Oxford 2022.
The information is supported
by evidence. The authors are
credential and organisation's
affiliations are provided there
on. There are contact details
given such as telephone, fax
and address. The URL is
completely named on the
author.
The President and Fellows of
Harvard College is the source
of the information. There is an
contact information provided
by author such as address and
telephone no. The URL does
reflect the name of author
clearly and simply also the
sources for the findings.
Accuracy This information is completely
accurate and supported by
evidence. They are no
grammatical errors.
This information is accurate
from all the prospects and
supported by evidence. No
grammatical mistakes have
been attempted in report.
Relevance This information is relevant
from the basis of UK writings
and answers the question
asked as per in presentation. It
has been already reviewed and
The information is overall
related to the topic and
answers what is asked for
report. It is also reviewed and
referred as per the strong

referred (Aguilera and
Inchauspe, 2022).
relevance.
Purpose This information has it's
purpose to aware about the
depletion of resources. There
is a strict need to shift towards
electric-cars. To also decrease
the pollution. The author has
made their purpose clear in the
over all report. This info is
based on facts and opinion.
This information has been
concentrating to promote the
use of renewal resources as to
help the Earth upgrade it's
health and decrease ozone
depletion. The author has
made their intention clear for
electric cars, by highlighting
it's benefits.
CONCLUSION
In this overall report it is analysed that UK is into investment in further future to achieve
it's benefits alike a developed nation. The electric cars have it's own use and advantages in the
terms of lifetime costs, cleaner air, charging infrastructure, energy security, fuel economy,
infrastructure challenges, emissions, battery technology, quiet drives,more energy efficiency,
lasts longer, more reliability, cheaper energy and without combustion engine. The electric
vehicle come is hybrid mode, EVs, HEVs and PHEVs, they are all environment friendly models.
Therefore political actions need to be taken for green environment implementation. Infrastructure
need to be focused on a primary basis. UK companies need to research more and more to
evaluate best efficiency in the terms of costs they incur and also on selling agendas throughout
the world. The report has overall passed a CAARP Test in analysing it's authenticity and
reliability. Therefore we have concluded from this report that not only UK initially but also the
other developed nations need to invest upon electric vehicles to secure the atmosphere within
where we live for the health of our future generations.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aguilera, R.F. and Inchauspe, J., 2022. An overview of hydrogen prospects: Economic, technical
and policy considerations. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
Ashley, S., Schaap, H. and de Bruijn, E., 2022. Illustrating conceptual understanding in
international business undergraduate writing. Research Papers in Education, pp.1-21.
Boretti, A. and Castelletto, S., 2022. Opportunities of renewable energy supply to NEOM
City. Renewable Energy Focus.
Darab, C., 2022. Electric vehicles in smart grids. In Research Anthology on Smart Grid and
Microgrid Development (pp. 1192-1211). IGI Global.
Diana, M. and Chicco, A., 2022. The spatial reconfiguration of parking demand due to car
sharing diffusion: a simulated scenario for the cities of Milan and Turin (Italy). Journal
of Transport Geography. 98. p.103276.
Djafarova, E. and Foots, S., 2022. Exploring ethical consumption of generation Z: theory of
planned behaviour. Young Consumers.
Fadeyi, J. and Markus, E.D., 2022. A Review of Interoperability of IoT Systems for Smart
Cities. Smart Trends in Computing and Communications, pp.747-758.
Felser, K.C., 2022. The Impact of Digital Technologies on IT Sourcing Strategies in the German
Automotive Industry. In Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation, Industry
Use Cases, and the Impact of Disruptive Technologies (pp. 383-408). IGI Global.
Kumar, R.R., Guha, P. and Chakraborty, A., 2022. Comparative assessment and selection of
electric vehicle diffusion models: A global outlook. Energy. 238. p.121932.
Ma, S.C., Xu, J.H. and Fan, Y., 2022. Characteristics and key trends of global electric vehicle
technology development: A multi-method patent analysis. Journal of Cleaner
Production, p.130502.
Maculewicz, J. and Osz, K., 2022. UX Research and Sonic Interaction: Towards Human-Centric
and Intuitive Sound Interaction Design in the Context of Autonomous Driving. In User
Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving (pp. 335-357). Springer, Cham.
Shelake, A.G. and Minde, P.R., 2022. Electrifying the Future with Green Vehicle: A Review on
Prospects and Issues of Electric Vehicle in India. In Proceedings of Fourth International

Conference on Inventive Material Science Applications (pp. 441-455). Springer,
Singapore.
Online references
Is UK ready for an electric car evolution,2019 [online] available through
<https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/article/2019-11-03-electric-car-revolution>
Challenges and opportunities for Electric Vehicle Adoption,2018 [online] available through
<https://www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/charging-future-challenges-and-opportunities-
electric-vehicle-adoption>