John McCarthy: Computer Scientist - Desklib
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Added on 2020-03-28
John McCarthy: Computer Scientist - Desklib
Added on 2020-03-28
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Student NameStudent NumberTasksWeek 1The text discusses the elements of modern computing architecture however is largely silent on the individuals who played a role in its development. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONE such individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on the development of computers and/or components of modern computing architecture.Title:John McCarthy: Computer scientist known as the father of AIReference: Childs, M., 2017.John McCarthy: Computer scientist known as the father of AI. [online] The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-mccarthy-computer-scientist-known-as-the-father-of-ai-6255307.html [Accessed 21 Sep. 2017].URL: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-mccarthy-computer-scientist-known-as-the-father-of-ai-6255307.htmlSummary:The article summarises the contribution of John McCarthy in development of modern
computing architecture. The article puts light to the contribution of John McCarthy and his idea of using computers in an interactive mode. I chose this article as it elaborates in a structured way, the life of John McCarthy and his contribution in development of modern computer architecture. The article summarises the works and contribution of John McCarthy in the field of artificial intelligence. McCarthy was a firm believer of using mathematical logic to describe knowledge. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this article is that, it describes the contribution of McCarthy is development of LISP programming language, which forms the basis of artificial intelligence. LISP programming language finds its use in robotics and other internet based services as well. John McCarthy coined the term artificial intelligence. John McCarthy conceived and developed time the process of time-sharing. His contribution was in the field of human level AI and common sense reasoning. The article describes the generosity of McCarthy in sharing his ideas and articulating them effectively. I found this article useful because it provided a detailed insight of the works and contribution of McCarthy in time sharing and networking. This invention allowed users to share data By linking the datato a central computer. This invention further helped in evolution of internet and the laid the foundation of the concept of cloud computing. Cloud computing deals with storage of data on a remote server and the server is accessible via internet. Week 2The text discusses the components and activities of operating systems however is largely silent on the individuals who played a role in their development. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONEsuch individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on the writing or development of operating systems.Title: Development of LinuxReference: Operating-system.org.,2017.History of the Linux Kernel. [online] Available at: http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-linux.htm [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017].URL: http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-linux.htmSummary:The article describes the role of an individual in development of modern operating systems. The article summarises the life and works of Linus Torvals and the process of development ofLinux operating system. I chose this article as it elaborates in brief, the development of Linux and contribution and idea of Linus Torvalds in developing the same. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this article is that, it describes how a simple idea of adding some new feature in an existing operating system Minix. Terminal emulator program present in MINIX was not acceptable according to Linus and therefore, he embarked on developing a more advanced terminal emulator. Minis’s operating systems’s source code Minix was open source and therefore any modification to that were bound to license condition. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this article is that, it gives a detailed description how Linus programmed his own drivers for accessing the data medium and file system. While developing the terminal emulator programs, Linus got an idea of incorporating more functions in the operating system and therefore he decided to enhance and built a new operating system. Thus Linux although was derived from the concept of Minix, it was developed from the scratch. With the added features, the software was able to upload and download files from the internet. I found this resource useful as it not only elaborates the contribution of McCarthy in development of the Linux Operating system, but also discusses about the aim and determination of Linus Torvalds in development of a completely new operating system, which is used even today.
Week 3The Internet didn’t just appear – it was an evolution from earlier networks. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONEof the networks that led to the development of the modern Internet. Title: NSFNET -- National Science Foundation Network Reference: Livinginternet.com.,2017.NSFNET, National Science Foundation Network. [online] Available at: https://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_nsfnet.htm [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017].URL: https://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_nsfnet.htmSummary:The article describes a network that lead to the development of modern internet. National Science Foundation network is a network that laid the foundation of modern internet. I chose this article as it clearly describes the development and use of National Science Foundation Network or NSFNET. The idea behind development of this network was to link the computer science departments in the universities that were not connected to ARPANET. In order to implement this project, the NSF began the construction of several regional super computer centres for providing a high speed computing resources mainly for US research community. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this article is that, it clearly describes the process of development and evolution of NSFNET from a speed of 56kbps to a speed of 1.5 mbps. The NFSNET was mainly built for research purposes. However, with the growth of the connected network, the pressure of allowing the commercial use of network grew as well. Therefore, in the year 1991, the NSFNET brought the next wave in internet by allowing the commercial useof this network. This resulted in the exceeding of the traffic to more than 12 billion packets in a month. I found this article useful as it structurally presents the role of the national science foundation network in development of modern internet. NFSNET was officially dissolved in the year 1995 and the National Science Foundation retained a core research network only forthe research works, which is called very high speed backbone network service. Week 4Ethernet is an example of a Layer Two (L2) data link protocol that is discussed in the text. Find and summarise a resource that describes the features and uses of ONE other L2 protocol that is not discussed in the text (i.e. NOT Ethernet).Title: Token RingReference: Ecomputernotes.com.,2017.IEEE 802.5 Token Ring. [online] Available at: http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communication-networks/what-is-ieee-8025-protocol [Accessed 21 Sep. 2017].URL: http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communication-networks/what-is-ieee-8025-protocolSummary:The article deals with an example of a layer two data link protocol, token ring. Token ring is a local area network that enables only node processing a data in transmitting the token. I chosethis article as it elaborates the working principal of token ring. Token ring is a collection of ringlike interfaces that are connected by point-to-point lines. In this protocol, the permission of transmitting messages is granted by the token and therefore, the nodes that has an access toa token are only allowed to transmit a data. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this article is that it illustrates the working principal of
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