Elements of Modern Computing Architecture Report
Added on 2020-04-07
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Student NameStudent NumberWeek 1The text discusses the elements of modern computing architecture however is largely silent on the individuals who played a role in its development. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONE such individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on the development of computers and/or components of modern computing architecture.Title : John McCarthy- The father of Artificial Intelligence Reference: Childs, M. (2017).John McCarthy: Computer scientist known as the father of AI. [online] The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-mccarthy-computer-scientist-known-as-the-father-of-ai-6255307.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].URL:http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-mccarthy-computer-scientist-known-as-the-father-of-ai-6255307.htmlSummary:This article describes the contribution of John McCarthy and his contribution in development of modern computer architecture. I chose this article as it provides substantial data about different k computer languages and blooming of artificial intelligence, paving the way for the development of modern computer architecture. The article highlights the evolution of modern computer architecture and the designing of Lisp computer language by McCarthy, which is still used today in robotics and other scientific applications. In 1960s McCarthy got the idea of computer time sharing and networking. This enabled data sharing by the user by linking it to the central computer. This process or the innovation considerably helped in development of modern computer architecture. The process of data sharing by linking it to a central computer has helped in lowering the cost of using computers as well. In this article, the author describes the gradual development of modern computer architecture. The data sharing by linking with the central computer have significantly helped in the development of internet and therefore considered as the precursor of cloud computing as well. Perhaps the most important aspect of this article is the author’s description about McCarthy’s will and focus in chasing his dreams of developing machines that could think like human. I found this article useful as it gave a clear picture about McCarthy’s contribution towards modern computing. It made me think about the gradual yet steady progress and development of computer architecture and contribution of various people like John McCarthy in the evolution of computer that we use in modern world. Week 2The text discusses the components and activities of operating systems however is largely silent on the individuals who played a role in their development. Find and summarise a
resource that describes ONEsuch individual. The individual should have had a significant influence on the writing or development of operating systems.Title: Linus Torvalds, in development of Linux operating System. Reference: Operating-system.org. (2017).History of the Linux Kernel. [online] Available at: http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-linux.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].URL:http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-linux.htmSummary:The article discusses and describes the contribution of Linus Torvalds in development of the components and activities of operating system. I chose this article, as it not only discusses the process of gradual development of Linux operating system with an idea of addition of newan essential feature in MINIX operating system. In this article, the author describes the how Linus Torvalds developed the Linux Kernel operating system back in the year 1991, which is still widely used. Linus had an idea to develop a new idea system as he did not find a terminal emulator program in Minix and therefore, he decided to code his own terminal emulator customized with better functionalities. The most interesting part of this article is that, it puts light on the fact that, how an idea of implementing a simple change in an existing operating system helped in the development of acompletely new operating system. Linus programmed his own drivers for accessing the file systems and other assemblers. With these additional functions, the software was able to upload and download files from internet as well. I found this article useful, as it clearly describes the chain of processes that started with an idea of enhancing an already developed operating system and ended in development of a completely new operating system that finds extensive use in the world of computing even today. Linux was originally named Freax and contained the GNU Shell bash and GNU c- compiler.
Week 3The Internet didn’t just appear – it was an evolution from earlier networks. Find and summarise a resource that describes ONEof the networks that led to the development of the modern Internet. Title: National Science Foundation NetworkReference: Livinginternet.com. (2017).NSFNET, National Science Foundation Network. [online] Available at: https://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_nsfnet.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].URL:https://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_nsfnet.htmSummary:The article describes the contribution of National Science Foundation Network in development of modern internet. I chose this article as it describes the gradual development of CSNET in 1979, funded by the national Science Foundation in order to link the computer science departments of the universities that were not connected to ARPANET. The article focuses on the NSFNET being the initiator of the modern internet. With the evolution of NSFNET, the previous network or APARNET was dissolved in 1990 and was replaced by NSFNET. The most interesting part of the chosen article is that, it clearly explains the process of gradual development of NSFNET and its evolution as a backbone for the connection of regional network of a particular supercomputing site. Perhaps the most interesting part of this article is that, it shows the gradual development of NSFNET, starting from a speed of only 56kbps, which might be very slow in compared to the modern internet, toa speed of 1.5 mbps. NSFNET was developed according to a properly planned layout. I foundthis article useful as it clearly depicts the phases of NFSNET becoming the medium of communication among the supercomputers, an idea that considerably helped in development of the modern internet. The NFSNET was previously built in order to establish communication channels among the super computers, but its extensive use and effective performance gradually made it the backbone of modern computer. NFSNET was sponsored by National Science Foundation, and hence the name. The idea and the configuration of NFSNET considerably helped in development of regional networks. Week 4Ethernet is an example of a Layer Two (L2) data link protocol that is discussed in the text. Find and summarise a resource that describes the features and uses of ONE other L2 protocol that is not discussed in the text (i.e. NOT Ethernet).Title: Token Ring Protocol Reference: Let.rug.nl. (2017).Token Ring Protocol. [online] Available at: http://www.let.rug.nl/bosveld/algoritmiek/aptokenhc7.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].URL:http://www.let.rug.nl/bosveld/algoritmiek/aptokenhc7.htmSummary:The article discusses one of the examples of data link protocol, which operates in layer 2 of OSI model. In this protocol, the data packet is transferred into the next device in a ring sequence. I chose this article because, it clearly explains the token ring protocol and illustrates with proper examples the procedure of token passing. In this protocol, only the host with the details of the information can only be able to transmit a data. Token Ring protocol was developed by IBM in 1980s as an alternative of Ethernet, but was not able to dominate the Ethernet. Perhaps the most important part of this article is that,
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