Impact of Employee Benefits on Productivity of Employees in an Organisation: A Study on Amazon

This research examines the impact of employee benefits on productivity of employees in an organisation, with a focus on Amazon. The study uses quantitative research methodologies to gather and analyse data. The findings suggest that employee benefit programmes are a major business strategy that can increase productivity and improve the organisation's market prominence. The research recommends that organisations should include employee benefits practices in their business strategy to manage competitive edge in the market.

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
(Employee benefits and their impact
On productivity of employees)
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: The major purpose of this research is to examine in-depth information on the topic of
employee benefits so that to increase the understanding on the topic. Employee benefits are
considered as the consolidated benefits given by the employer to their employee so that to
increase employee retention and morale into the organisation. Employee benefits are related with
increasing employee involvement in such a manner that their skills can be used in attaining
business objectives. This has also determined that within an organisation employee benefits are
essential for the organisation that to acquire prominence into the business functions.
Methodology: In the current research different types of research methodologies are used so that
to analyse and evaluate information within the research so that to frame research objectives. In
the current research, quantitative research methodologies are used so that to gather information
in numeric and statistical manner. In the current research primary and secondary data collection
methods are used so that research questions can be answered appropriately.
Results and findings: In the current research this has been found that for an organisation
employee benefit programmes are considered as the major business strategy which is helpful in
providing significant benefits to the organisation in terms of increasing productivity and
prominence of the business into the market. This can be said that employee benefit schemes are
directly related with employee and in this manner using such practices into the organisation the
employees can be developed and their skills can be utilised in meeting business objective. This
has been recommended to the business that several employee benefits practices should be used
by the organisation and these are needed to be included in the business strategy so that this could
be easier for the organisation that to manage competitive edge into the market.
.
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Contents
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Overview of the topic ..................................................................................................................4
Problem statement .......................................................................................................................4
Background of the company .......................................................................................................4
Research aim and objectives .......................................................................................................5
Rationale of the research..............................................................................................................5
Outline of the methodology ........................................................................................................6
Structure of the dissertation ........................................................................................................6
LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................8
Introduction..................................................................................................................................8
What is the concept of employee benefits within an organisation?.............................................8
What are the different types of employee benefits adopted by Amazon within the workplace?
....................................................................................................................................................11
What is the impact of employee benefits on the productivity of employees and organisations
within Amazon?.........................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................15
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................20
Frequency distribution table......................................................................................................20
Data interpretation.....................................................................................................................21
Discussion..................................................................................................................................29
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................31
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................31
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................32
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................34
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................................37
Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................37
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INTRODUCTION
Overview of the topic
Employee is one who works for the company or someone else in exchange of salary or
some other agree-to-compensation. Employee benefits are the indirect as well as non-cash
compensation paid to a worker. These advantages are provided to workers over their wages and
salaries (Agbozo and et. al., 2017). There are various popular employee benefits used with the
United Kingdom. These are health insurance, life insurance, paid time off, retirement benefits or
accounts, financial planning sources and much more. All these are main employee benefits that
turn to helps an organisation in increment of employee’s productivity within a workplace. By
providing benefits to the employees is also essential for the organisations because it can help
them by increasing their business performance, improving productivity and many others
(Aboelmaged, 2018). All these are main advantages that turn to impact on the company by
improving their market image.
Problem statement
The identified problem for the current research is related with employee productivity as
this has been analysed that when employees are not getting appropriate benefit they are not able
to contribute to the fullest manner in the organisation. The current Research report is going to
analyse the impact of employee benefits as on productivity of the employees.
Background of the company
In this research, Amazon is a selected organisation. It is an American multinational
technology company that emphasis on cloud computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and
digital streaming. The company was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos. Within this organisation,
larger base of employees is working with each other. All employees are highly motivated and
satisfied because the organisation follows different practices in order to make their organisation
flexible. The company is having global market presence but at the same time the company keeps
their employees happy and satisfied. The company treats their employees as a valuable assets
this is the major reason that their employees are able to contribute to the organisation activity in
large manner.
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Research aim and objectives
Aim: “To analyse the impact of employee benefits on the productivity of employees within an
organisation.” A study on Amazon
Objectives
 To identify the concept of employee benefits within an organisation
 To determine the different types of employee benefits adopted by Amazon within the
workplace
 To ascertain the impact of employee benefits on the productivity of employees and
organisation within Amazon
Research Questions
 What is the concept of employee benefits within an organisation?
 What are the different types of employee benefits adopted by Amazon within the
workplace?
 What is the impact of employee benefits on the productivity of employees and
organisations within Amazon?
Rationale of the research
The major rational behind conducting the current report is related with analysing the
concept of employee benefits and impact of employee benefits over organisation productivity in
individual and overall manner. This can be said that when employee are getting ample amount of
benefits then they will be increased to book harder and provider skills in attaining organisational
objectives (Hanaysha, 2016). The current research is going to focus on the different types of
employee’s benefits and their rule in developing employee productivity in direct and indirect
manner. The research is associated with dual prospective for the researcher termed as personal
and professional. In the terms of personal prospective the current research is going to develop
different skills within the researcher such as analytical skills research skills presentation skills
writing skills communication skills interpersonal skills and various others. Using these skills the
researcher may in hands their career opportunities in different fields so that desired job role can
be acquired by them (Gubler, Larkin and Pierce, 2018). Whereas in terms of professional skills
the current research will increase the knowledge of researcher regarding managing research in
appropriate manner so that the researcher can conduct their future researches in more accurate
and the precise manner.
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Outline of the methodology
Research methodology is defined as the methods which are used within the research in
order to select the type and process of gathering data and analysing the same in order to attain
research objectives. There are two basic methods within research such as quantitative and
qualitative (Frey and Osborne, 2017. The current research is going to under tea who wanted to
methods of research in order to manage the research in statistical manner and acquire
information in numerical manners so that precisely the research objectives can be attained and at
the same time prominence can be acquired.
Structure of the dissertation
The current research is divided into five sections such as introduction literature review
research methodology data analysis and discussion and the last is Conclusion and
Recommendation.
Introduction: in the chapter of introduction introductory remarks relative with the resistor topic
on given in which aims and objective of the research are also mention for which the research will
be conducted. The interaction chapter holds higher degree as this set up the path for the
researcher to manage the research in such a manner that mention aims and objective can be
accomplished.
Literature review: This section is related with gathering of secondary information using various
books articles and Publication related with research topic. And if this part of the research
information is gathered by already published sources so that in death information can be acquired
and Research objectives can be aligned.
Research methodology: Research methodology is related with the section in which different
plans and actions are taken under the research for providing direction to the researcher related
with data collection and analysis. This chapter is very much significant for the researcher as in
developing the methods which will be used in the research for acquiring information.
Data analysis and discussion: This is the section which is related with accumulation of primary
and secondary data as this section of the research provides the aspects in which researcher can
decide related with attaining of research objectives.
Conclusion and recommendations: This chapter is related with providing conclusive remarks
related with the research topic. On the other hand the chapter also provides different in
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recommendations which can be used by the organisation in order to improve their business
functions
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Literature review is defined as the accumulation of secondary information using different
sources so that in-depth analysis regarding research topic can be made. Literature review is
proven to be one of the most essential part of the research as this will provide diversified
information related with research topic so that to researcher may reach out to the conclusion in
appropriate manner. The current literature review is based on employee benefits and their impact
on organisational productivity. This is analysed that employee benefits are related with providing
additional benefits to employees so that they can be retained into the organisation for longer
duration of time in which overall business objectives can be attained. With the help of acquiring
proper employee benefits in the organisation this is significant that to manage resources of the
organisation in way effective manner in which proper edge can be attained by the organisation.
Employees are considered as frontier for the organisation as in context of providing them
employee benefits this will be easier that to gain competitive edge into the market by improving
organisation services and offerings. For the current research, different secondary sources are
used such as books, journals and different articles. For this the researcher have analysed the
authenticity of the sources in order to manage the research in appropriate manner. For the current
research literature review is elaborated as under:
What is the concept of employee benefits within an organisation?
As per the perception of Mirza (2017), employee benefits is a process of providing
compensation and other benefits to employees which makes them feel appreciated and rewarded.
Organisation offers employees various programmes and services which is also called as
employee benefits. Employee benefits are the part of compensation package. It is being analysed
that employee benefits are considered as one of the important factor to retain and attract the
employees within workplace. Employee benefits plays an important at role within an
organisation as it helps in maintaining the employees' standard of living when they suffers issues
related to health. Companies that provides these benefits helps in improving the image of
employer. The few characteristics of employee benefits includes the payment which are paid to
employees in addition to wages and salary, employee benefits are not given to staff for their
performance but it is offered to boost their interest in work and also make their job more
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productive, employee benefits also represents labour cost and also these benefits are offered to
employees irrespective of their merit.
Some of the benefits which are offered by employers to its employees are free lunch, free
medical facilities, provision for retirement benefits, insurance for life against accidents,
maternity leaves, leave travel allowance scheme, housing accommodation and many others
(Song and et. al, 2018.). There are various objectives which can be accomplish through benefit
and service programs such as it helps in attracting and retaining the staff, fulfil the needs of
employees, providing benefits which are prevailing in similar organisation, maintaining good
harmonious industrial relations, enhancing standard of living of employees and improving the
image of organisation (Li, Bonn and Ye, 2019). Thus, employee benefits plays a vital role in
improving the business performance and efficiency. It is important for the organisation to
provide benefits with genuine intention of promotion of employees welfare and it should not be
considered as charity. Employee benefits must satisfy the need of the staff so that they can give
their best efforts in making business profitable. It is necessary for company to ensures that the
benefits must be broad so that large number of employees can be covered in it.
Organisation must focus on making their employees aware about the use of benefits.
While framing effective benefit programme, it is important for company to treat benefit
programme as a worthy tool of human resource management and also should accommodate
future. Effective benefit programme should be competitive and also it must be individual rather
than group. There are various challenges which are faced by company while adopting employee
benefits programme such as feeling of rightful claim, pressure from trade union, apathy of
employees, over emphasis on benefit programme and no cost benefit analysis (Pandita and Ray,
2018). The attractive employee benefits helps in attracting top talent, boosting morale, employ
healthier workforce and also increase retention rates. Employee benefits also helps in improving
the success rate of organisation (Van De Voorde and Beijer, 2015). Thus, it is necessary for
organisation to develop effective employee benefit package that attracts maximum number of
talented employees within workplace.
Employee benefits generally helps in attracting best and skilled staff within workplace so
that they can give quality of work and enhance the business performance. For an organisation,
attracting top talent is one of the main priority for company due to which company must focus on
offering effective employee benefits facility. There is a great importance of employee benefits
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within workplace as it increases the value of working and also improve the health and quality of
life of team members (Kramer and Kramer, 2020). When staff apply for job, they generally look
for the benefits which are provided by the organisation along with salaries. There are benefits of
employee benefits including job satisfaction, work life balance, health coverage, increased
productivity and saving for retirement. Employee benefits helps in increasing the satisfaction
level of employees due to which they can contribute more productive outcomes in accomplishing
the work. When company offers good employee benefit, it shows that organisation cares about
its employees. There are various benefits which can make their staff feel valued are paid time
off, wellness programs, workplace perks and many others. Employee morale helps in increasing
the morale and motivation level of staff by making them feel happy with the benefits provided by
organisation. The job satisfaction helps in reducing the turnover rate of employees and also
create more stable dynamics (Maritz, 2018).
For an employee, it becomes important to develop harmony between career and personal
life. There are few benefits which helps in improving the work life balance including flexible
hours, generous paid time off and ability to work from home. These employee benefits helps in
reducing the stress and prevent burnout. It is necessary for organisation to reduce the stress and
anxiety of employees so that they can contribute more productive outcomes in completing the
target. Staff are more productive at work and at home due to which company must focus on
providing flexibility and work from home opportunity (Ahmad, 2018). The employee benefits
which helps in managing the personal and professional life are flexible hours and vacation time
so that they can spend few time with their friends and families and it allows them to have more
fulfilling personal lives. Employee benefits also include health coverage which helps employee
to pay their medical expenses. Through health coverage, employees and their families can go for
regular wellness exams, prescription medications, medical treatments and preventive cares. If
employee requires regular healthcare they focus on obtaining the job that offers regular
healthcare programs and health insurance plans. If staff are encourages to stay healthy it makes
them feel more energetic, more effective and have fewer sick days.
Employee benefits also helps in increasing the productivity of employees by offering
them perks such as health insurance, paid time off and disability insurance so that company can
prevent staff from worrying about the things like medical expenses, finances and child care.
Company also focus on providing retirement benefits to its staff such as employee pension plans.
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Retirement benefits provides a way to save money and also plan for their financial future (Yang
and et. al, 2022). The other forms of retirement benefits includes employee stock ownership,
profit sharing, cash balance plans and stock bonus.
What are the different types of employee benefits adopted by Amazon within the workplace?
According to the opinion of Anitha (2016), there are different types of employee benefits
which are adopted by company. These benefits helps in increasing the productivity and
performance of business. It becomes important for Amazon to adopt employee benefits so that
they can encourage and engage their staff within work. Rather than fair pay, Amazon also offers
their employees an opportunity to participate in 401(k) plans with company match, own Amazon
stock and also enrol in paid life and accident insurance. There are various employee benefits
which are adopted by Amazon in order to make their staff feel satisfied and appreciated such as
comprehensive medical, vision coverage and dental coverage to all regular full time employees.
The other employee benefits which are provided by Amazon are health care and insurance, life
insurance, disability insurance, vision insurance and dental insurance. These are the benefits
which are provided by company in order to improve the productivity and efficiency of staff
within workplace.
The brand take care of employees health and wellness so that employees feel safe and
secure while working in an organisation. If staff want to take time away from work they can take
paid holidays and ample paid time in addition to other medical accommodation and leave. The
staff of Amazon are recognised for their work through valuable and compensation benefits for
their families and themselves (Ernst, Merola and Samaan, 2019). Company support their
employees in all stages of their lives and also celebrates the growth of employees families
through variety of benefits. Thus, these benefits helps in improving the satisfaction and morale of
employees due to which they contribute more productive outcomes in accomplishing the target
and also stay with brand for long run. Health insurance benefits helps in providing
hospitalisation coverage due to which employees can bear hospitalisation expenses. By offering
health insurance benefits, company can attract more and more employees towards the brand due
to which the profitability and growth of business increases.
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What is the impact of employee benefits on the productivity of employees and organisations
within Amazon?
According to De Clercq, Haq and Azeem, (2018), Employee benefits are considered as
all forms of compensations which are received by the employee in their job tenure. Employee
benefits are helpful for the employees as additional benefits can be given to employees in order
to increase their job involvement and retention. The employee benefits inculcate different types
of monetary and non-monetary benefits so that in addition to salary various benefits can be
acquired by the employees. These benefits are apart from the salary and could lead the
employees to sharpen their experience within the organisation. Employee benefits is associated
with different sources such as medical insurance, life insurance, retirement benefits, fringe
benefits, paid off time, social security and many other specialised benefits. In the often times the
employees are barred to manage their deadlines and for providing ease to employees this is
significant that to use employee benefits programs so that employees can be retained within the
organisation for longer duration of time. These are considered as the type of perk which are
helpful for increasing overall income of employees which means that their retention can be
developed.
Within an organisation using of employee benefit scheme will develop employee
retention as employees are satisfied with their pay and additional benefits so that they can be
retained for longer time period. On the other hand, employee benefits are considered as the
approach which are used for the employee and to boost value of the employees. Using employee
skills that can be used by the organisation in order to meet their targets and to attain objectives as
well. Employees are considered as the major asset for the organisation and specifically for retain
industry as customers are directly communicated with organisational employees (Flouris and et.
al, 2018). So that experienced employees can be retained for longer duration of time if they are
given ample amount of employee benefits. Using such methods into the organisation this will be
easier for the organisation to place their efforts in such a manner that overall business
displacement can be made.
Using employee benefits top talent can be retained as healthy environment can be created
into the organisation so that brand image into the market can be enhanced in terms of
organisational activities. Using such practices into the business overall output can be maximised
as employee feel motivated in performing business activities in way effective manner. When
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employees are paid as accordance to their efforts and need this will develop their self-esteem and
resultantly the organisation may enjoy benefits as in terms of higher productivity and
profitability (Duval and Furceri, 2018). Similarly happier environment at workplace is related
with developing such edge into the market which would be helpful in improving marketing
functions so that the organisation may target their customer in more effective manner in which
overall business assistance can be developed.
Using employee efforts conflicts within the business can be eliminated so that situation of
cross-questioning can be avoided so that business targets can be met easily. Employee benefits
within a workplace is highly important for the company because it helps them in improvement of
employee’s productivity. Rewarding employees according to their performance is effective for
the Amazon because it increases satisfaction level among employees. Highly satisfied employees
are important within an organisation because they helped other employees by enhancing their
productivity level. There are different types of employees benefits such as paid leave, provident
fund, meal vouchers or subsidized cafeteria and many others (Ostry and et. al, 2018). These are
main employees benefits that assist in increasing their satisfaction at the workplace. There are
various benefits of increasing employee’s satisfaction within a workplace such as improved
employee’s productivity, improved performance, increased employee retention and much more.
These are biggest advantages of providing benefits of employees within a workplace.
There are also different types of benefits that provided by Amazon to their employees.
These are; recognition and reward, role design, training and development, succession planning,
job rotation, self-motivation and much more. These are the main benefits that turn to helps the
employees in achievement of its job satisfaction, increment of motivation, enhance personal
skills, feeling of belongings, long-term existence, boost up confidence and quality add-ons to
employee experience. These are biggest advantages that employee get within the workplace.
Apart from this, there are also different advantages of improving employee’s productivity at
workplace such as accomplishment of vision, succeed over competitors, strengthens their human
capital structure, helps in building strong brand reputation, better decision making and effective
business performance (Ambrosius, 2018). Therefore, providing benefits to the employees is
essential for the workers as well as an organisation. This will help them in improvement of their
performance and productivity that output in higher business growth and success. Employees are
considered as the as the most important part of the organization as they are the only persons that
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helps in achieving predetermined aims and objectives of the business. Employee benefits creates
a positive impact on the performance and productivity of the employees as they feel happy and
motivated for their importance in an organisation (Feldman, Guy and Iammarino 2021). To keep
the employees of Amazon happy and inspired, it is important for the company to employ several
benefits for the the best work and performance of their employees. A good amount of benefit
package helps the employees of the company in making them feel appreciated and rewarded for
their hard work. The benefits also helps in providing support to the family of employee, financial
and health in future and this makes them retain and attract towards top talent. Benefits are mainly
perks that the company offer to its employees in order to increase their working efficiency and
effectiveness for increased success in the business market. Employees feel happy and
encouraged where they employers provide maximum benefits whether in monetary terms or non-
monetary and this helps them in increasing their working capacity and efficiency to achieve the
particular gaols of the company (Tejani and Fukuda‐Parr, 2021). Offering flexible working hours
to the employees of Amazon helps in improving their level of productivity to work in the
company. Employers of the company mainly provide flexible working hours to those employees
which have passes the phase of training and have gained full knowledge and skill about the job
role (Jarrahi, 2019). This helps in increasing their motivation and efficiency level to achieve the
desired objective of the company in the competitive environment. Giving employees the benefit
of remote working helps in making their minds stress free and improves their working capacity
for gaining more growth and success in the market (Chiang, Kasunic and Savage, 2018). This
facility provided by Amazon employers helps the employees in giving their time to their family
and friends so that they feel motivated and encouraged to work more appropriately. The
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology act as an important part of the dissertation. This is one of the most
beneficially chapter in the overall report because the data analysis and finding chapter depends
upon the types of data selected in this section. Research methodology helps the investigator in
wide manner as it aids in extracting solution for their question which are which type of data need
to be gathered and what will be the technique to analyses the information. It can be referred as
the scientific process to identify, collect and analyses data as per the selected topic (Thomas,
2021). Research methodology allows the investigator to critically measure the research in order
to know the overall consistency and reflex city of the project. To gather and evaluate the types of
information different kinds of philosophies, approaches, strategies and data collection method is
used. Researcher also use this section to evaluate the validity and reliability of the investigation.
Through the collected data researcher try to obtain the aim and objective in valuable manner. The
main motive to write this section is to collect data which perfectly match the aim and can test the
hypothesis in accurate manner. Research methodology is further divided into various sub
components which are discussed with the help of Saunders research onion framework (Ullah and
Rafiq 2021).
Research philosophy: Research philosophy is the set of belief and principle which
identify the type of phenomenon used to gather and collect data from the social world. This stage
helps in knowing the social world in accurate manner so that data can be used in appropriate way
in order to achieve aim. It is further divided into three forms which are positivism, interpretivism
and realism. In respect to positivism philosophy researcher try to collect and analysed data from
social world in objective manner (Bakhtin, 2021). This is because they think it helps in knowing
the society in numerical manner is quite easier. Interpretivism philosophy is used by the
investigator when they want to identify the community in subjective way. In last realism is used
when both objective and subject measure are to be used to identify the social world. In the
current investigation, researcher has selected positivism philosophy. The main motive behind it
will eject the data in quantitative manner so that social world can be understand in better manner.
Another reason is it will help in identifying the existing trend prevailing in the society so that
data can be extracted as per the pattern in more generalized and valuable form (Laszlo, 2021).
Research approach: It is one of the planned procedure which helps in identifying
whether the hypothesis or theories will be rejected or accepted as per the gather data. Research
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approach helps in extracting the relationship between the dependent and independent variable.
The types of approach that is chosen will helps in testing the theories and hypothesis in valid
manner so that objective can be attained. The approaches play an important part as it
accumulated those data which aids in testing the theories in valuable manner. Research approach
is divided into two parts which are deductive approach and inductive approach. Deductive
approach is that part which test the theories on the basis of quantitative data (Wang and et. al,
2021). On the other side, inductive approach is that procedure which test theories with the
qualitative data. According to the present investigation, researcher has chosen deductive
approach. The benefit to use this approach is that the extracted quantitative information helps in
testing the existing hypothesis in proper way. The next advantage of deductive approach is it
will identify the relationship between variables so that hypothesis can be tested in cost effective
manner. So deductive approach is chosen instead of inductive approach which lay focus on
developing new theories (Burkhardt and Schoenfeld, 2021).
Research strategy: Research strategy is a detailed planned procedure which is used to
provide blueprint to extract and accumulate data from the society. Research strategy has many
stages which provide step to step guidance about the way information can be gathered. It also
gives path to the thoughts and idea of the researcher in order to assemble data as per the chosen
topic. Through various strategies quality data can be collected which helps in accumulating
useful information. Research strategy are of many kinds some of them are survey, experimental
research, action research, case study, focused group, systematic literature review and many other.
Survey strategy is that technique which gather mass data from large volume of population. Using
this method quantitative data can be acquired from social world (Mottron, 2021). Systematic
literature review provide direction to gather second hand information from different secondary
source such as books, articles, magazine and many more. Experimental research gathers data
from the selected topic using empirical study. Action research is one of that strategy which
provide solution to the data to day problem by accumulating accurate data. In the current
investigation, researcher has opted for survey research strategy. The reason for choosing this it
will gather numerical information from the population. One of the biggest advantage of this
method is large volume of information is obtained from the population in one go. This is also one
of the cost effective approach as it is one of the economical way, as well as also take less time to
gather large data (Rodrigues and et. al, 2021).
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Research choice: Research choice is one of the most important part in the methodology
section. This is that section that guide the researcher to identify which type of data need to gather
from the selected topic. Research choice is classified into two parts that are quantitative and
qualitative. Quantitative as the name itself say data which is in quantity. It is process to extract
and measure numerical information that is in numbers, figures, values etc. Qualitative method is
the procedure to gather and analyses non numerical information (Haghani, Bliemer and Hensher,
2021). In this type of method information is in word, text, sentence or statement. As per the
topic, investigator has chosen quantitative research method. The main motive behind this is it
will accumulate non numerical information which aid in obtaining the objective in more valid
and accurate manner. Another reason is through this method significant data can be acquired.
One of the most effective benefit is that it takes less time and cost to gather and analyses
information. The reason for not selecting qualitative research method is that it collects non
numerical information which takes more time as well requires detailed knowledge about the
topic. Infact the validity and reliability of the gathered data is more in quantitative research as
compared to qualitative research (Self, 2021).
Time horizon: This is that layer in the research methodology which helps in extracting
the investing time for gathering and completing the investigation. Through this components
researcher get to know the point of time for gathering and analysing information. Cross sectional
and longitudinal are the two-time framework. Cross sectional is that time framework which helps
in gathering data in short span of time whereas longitudinal is the time horizon which take longer
time to gather data. in cross sectional data is collected in particular point of time and in
longitudinal data is obtained in repetitive manner (O'Mahony, 2021). In the current investigation,
investigator has opted for cross sectional time horizon. The reason for this is it will observe
multiple group at the same time. Another benefit is that information which is obtained is of the
existing scenarios so that valid data can be obtained. One of the most important benefit is that
data can be extracted in less time as well in cost effective approach. As multiple data is to be
obtained which helps in conducting multiple investigation. With the aid of cross sectional time
horizon researcher get to know about what is happening in the current moment and will also
evaluate cohort effects of the topic in social world (Giese, Nagy and Lee, 2021).
Data collection: Data collection is also one of the important part in the overall research.
It is the process of collecting, analysing and measuring information. The data in the investigation
17

is extracted in order to achieve aim and objective in significant manner. Investigator collect data
in order to gain insight about the study and to conduct the investigation in appropriate manner.
Data collection is classified into two parts which are primary and secondary data collection
method (Vogel and et. al, 2021).
Primary data the name itself say fist hand information which is accumulated at the time
of research. Primary data is directly collected by the investigator so that they can accumulate that
information which is as per their idea and thoughts. It is the fresh information which is not used
in any study and also show current pattern. Primary data also obtained real time information
which aids the investigator to carry out research in valid manner. some of the ways through
which primary data can be accumulate are survey, experimental research, observation, interview
and many more. One of the vital advantage that can be gained using this is data is collected as
per the need of the investigator and one of the disadvantage of this method is it take more time as
well as expensive method to gather and analyse information (Munoz and et. al, 2021).
Secondary data collection method is the procedure to accumulate second hand data. in
this method previous information about the topic is being extracted. This type of data is collected
in the past by the existing researcher but is being used in various investigation. Secondary data
shows the past pattern of the topic. The technique which is used to abstract secondary
information ae magazine, books, articles, newspaper, government site and many more. It is also
on of the economical method because it takes less time and cost to collect information. As
compared to the primary data the accuracy of secondary data is less as it does not take into
consideration the real time information (Ribeiro-Navarrete, Saura and Palacios-Marqués, 2021).
In the existing investigation, researcher has opted for both primary and secondary data. the
reason is it will help in getting more detailed information. To extract primary data questionnaire
is used and to accumulate secondary data online site is being used.
Data analysis: Data analysis act as a tool which helps in assembling useful information.
This method evaluates the information in order to achieve objective in appropriate manner. It is
the process of inspecting and analysing raw data in order to gain useful information. The data is
analysed because accepting and rejecting of theories is based on this. There are two data analysis
tool which are frequency distribution method and thematic analysis method. In frequency
distribution approach numerical information is being inspected and cleaned (Mölder and et. al,
2021). Whereas, thematic measures non numerical information. Frequency distribution evaluate
18

quantitative data which is in numbers and thematic analysis inspect qualitative data which is in
text. Thematic approach is the long process whereas frequency distribution is short process. In
the current investigation researcher has selected frequency distribution method. The main
advantage is that it will evaluate mathematical as well as statistically information. Another
reason is it also take less time and cost for evaluating raw data. The extracted information by this
method is represented in the form of table, charts and graphs (Khalid and Zeebaree, 2021).
Sampling: Sampling is most important part when quantitate data is being gather, using
this method accurate samples are taken out from the whole population. There are two sampling
technique for selecting sample which are probability and non-probability sampling. Probability
sampling is the method where participants are taken out on non-biases manner whereas in non-
probability sampling sample are selected in unequal manner (Nagel, Schäfer and Ullrich, 2022).
in probability sampling participants get equal chance of being selected and in non-probability
sample are taken out on the choice of investigator. Types on probability sampling are random
sampling, cluster sampling, stratifies sampling and non-probability types are web panel,
convenience sampling, judgemental sampling etc. In the present investigation researcher has
selected probability sampling. The reason for this participants gets an opportunity to be the part
of the researcher. Further in this random sampling approach is being selected because it will
provide equal and fair chance. The sample size in the current investigation is 20 employees from
Amazon (Pett and et. al, 2021).
19

DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Frequency distribution table
Q.1. Are you aware of the employee benefits existent in your
organisation?
Frequency
a) Yes, I am aware 10
b) Yes, I am aware of some of them 5
c) No, I am not aware 5
Q.2. Do you think that employee benefits schemes are helpful in
developing employee productivity?
Frequency
a) Yes, I think they are 5
b) Yes, partially 10
c) No, I don’t think they are 5
Q.3. As per your experience what are the different types of
employee benefits used by Amazon within the workplace?
Frequency
a) Health care coverage 5
b) Compensation and wages 4
c) Health services 3
d) Parental leave 2
e) Discount coupons 4
f) Paid holidays 2
Q.4. What is the impact of employee benefits within Amazon in
terms of organisational productivity?
Frequency
a) Improves employee retention 4
b) Boost morale 3
c) Attract and keep top talent 2
20

d) Healthy working environment 6
e) Maximised overall output 2
f) Improvised self-esteem 3
Q.5. Do you think that with the help of employee benefits, employee
retention can be enhanced?
Frequency
a) Yes, definitely 10
b) Yes, partially 5
c) No, it can’t 5
Q.6. As per your analysis, the current series of employee benefits in
Amazon match with your expectation?
Frequency
a) Yes 14
b) No 3
c) Can't say 3
Q.7. What would you say is the best part of employee benefits used
in your organisation?
Frequency
a) Transparent 4
b) Collaborative 6
c) Beneficial 3
d) Competitive 2
e) Flexible 5
Q.8. If you are given an opportunity to change one element of your
employee benefit practices then what would you change?
Frequency
a) Retirement benefits 5
b) Compensation and wages 6
c) Health benefits 4
21

d) Holiday benefits 5
Demographic questions
1) Your age range Frequency
a) 15 - 24 years old 6
b) 25 - 34 years old 5
c) 35 - 44 years old 3
d) 45 - 54 years old 2
e) 55+ years old 4
2) Your gender? Frequency
a) female 5
b) male 7
c) prefer not to say 4
d) other 4
3) Your sex orientation? Frequency
a) Straight 15
b) Prefer not to say 3
c) other: 2
4) Your ethnicity group? Frequency
a) Asian, Asian British, any other Asian background 8
b) Black, Black British or any other Black background 5
c) White, White British or any other White background 3
d) Mixed or multiple ethnic group 2
e) Other: 2
5) Your religion? Frequency
a) Christianity 5
22

b) Islam 2
c) Judaism 2
d) Buddhism 3
e) Hinduism 4
f) Prefer not to say 2
g) Other 2
Data interpretation
Q.1. Are you aware of the employee benefits existent in your
organisation?
Frequency
a) Yes, I am aware 10
b) Yes, I am aware of some of them 5
b) No, I am not aware 5
a) Yes, I am aware
b) Yes, I am aware of some of them
b) No, I am not aware
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
5 5
Interpretation: Employee benefits are considered as the methods which are adopted by the
organisation so that to provide additional benefits to their employees than that of their salary.
23

Employee benefits are considered as indirect benefits which are paid to their employee in order
to retain and attract employees. In this manner out of 20 respondents, 10 have said that they are
are aware about the concept of employee benefits in their organisation and 5 have said that they
are somewhere about these concepts. Whereas 5 have said that they are not aware about the
concept of employee benefits programs used in their organisation.
Q.2. Do you think that employee benefits schemes are helpful in
developing employee productivity?
Frequency
a) Yes, I think they are 5
b) Yes, partially 10
b) No, I don’t think they are 5
a) Yes, I think they are b) Yes, partially b) No, I don’t think they are
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5
10
5
Interpretation: Employee benefit scheme within an organisation assists the employees in
gaining additional benefits than that to salary so that their retention period can be enhanced. A
well rounded employee benefits are helpful in examining the level of investment put by the
organisation to make their employee happy. This will develop sense of being valued within the
employees so that employee productivity can be enhanced. In the current research out of 20
respondents, 5 have said that using employee benefits schemes employee productivity can be
24

increased and 10 have answered that employee benefits schemes are partially helpful for
increasing productivity. Whereas 2 have said that employee benefits are not so helpful in
improving productivity of employees.
Q.3. As per your experience what are the different types of
employee benefits used by Amazon within the workplace?
Frequency
a) Health care coverage 5
b) Compensation and wages 4
c) Health services 3
d) Parental leave 2
e) Discount coupons 4
f) Paid holidays 2
a) Health care coverage
b) Compensation and wages
c) Health services
d) Parental leave
e) Discount coupons
f) Paid holidays
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5
4
3
2
4
2
Interpretation: There are different types of employee benefits which can be used by the
organisation to satisfy their organisational objectives such as retaining employees or creating
positive working environment. In the current research opinion of 20 respondents are taken out of
which 5 have said that healthcare coverage is the major employee benefits used within the
organisation. 4 have said that compensation and wages are considered as the major employee
25

benefits which is being used within Amazon in order to retain employees. 3 have said that health
services are considered as the major employee benefit program which is used by Amazon for the
purpose of managing employee and to give them value. 2 have said that parental leave is
regarded as the major employee benefit which is used within Amazon for the objective of
enhancing experience of their employees. 4 have said that discount coupon is one of the major
employee benefit which is used by Amazon so that to provide additional benefits to their
employees and at last 2 have said that paid holidays is the employee benefit which is used by
Amazon so that to employee morale can be enhanced.
Q.4. What is the impact of employee benefits within Amazon in
terms of organisational productivity?
Frequency
a) Improves employee retention 4
b) Boost morale 3
c) Attract and keep top talent 2
d) Healthy working environment 6
e) Maximised overall output 2
f) Improvised self-esteem 3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
3
2
6
2
3
26

Interpretation: Within an organisation employee benefits plays significant role as in boosting
employee morale and to motivate employee to work harder so that overall productivity can be
increased. With the help of employee benefits this is easier that to gain efficiency of employees
as in terms of completing given role. Out of 20 respondents, 4 have said that employee benefits
are useful in increasing employee retention, 3 have said that employee benefit programs helps in
boosting employee morale so that they can work in effective manner. 2 have said that using of
employee benefits in the organisation will lead into attracting and retaining top talent into the
organisation. 6 have said that employee benefit assist the organisation to create healthy working
environment. 2 have said that with the help of employee benefit programs overall output can be
maximised. At last 3 have said that using employee benefits in the organisation self-esteem of
employees can be increased.
Q.5. Do you think that with the help of employee benefits, employee
retention can be enhanced?
Frequency
a) Yes, definitely 10
b) Yes, partially 5
c) No, it can’t 5
a) Yes, definitely b) Yes, partially c) No, it can’t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
5 5
27

Interpretation: Employee benefits are those fringe benefits which are given to employees and
these are addition to individual's salary. These are the benefits that are received by employee so
that to make them feel valued and appreciated in respect of their efforts which are given by them
towards the organisation. Out of 30 participants, 10 have answered that with the help of
employee benefits and 5 have said that employee benefits are partially helpful in retaining
employees. Whereas 5 have said that employee benefits are not related with providing positive
impact over employee retention.
Q.6. As per your analysis, the current series of employee benefits in
Amazon match with your expectation?
Frequency
a) Yes 14
b) No 3
c) Can't say 3
a) Yes b) No c) Can't say
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
14
3 3
Interpretation: Employee benefits are considered as the additional benefits which are helpful
for employees to manage their retention in the organisation. Using employee benefits schemes
value can be given to employees so that value can be given to employees and at the same time
their efforts can be used within the organisation in respect of managing employee productivity.
28

In this manner, out of 20 respondents 14 have said that the current series of employee benefits in
their organisation matches with their expectation. Whereas 3 have said that the employee
benefits in their organisation is not matching with their level of expectation.
Q.7. What would you say is the best part of employee benefits used
in your organisation?
Frequency
a) Transparent 4
b) Collaborative 6
c) Beneficial 3
d) Competitive 2
e) Flexible 5
a) Transparent b) Collaborative c) Beneficial d) Competitive e) Flexible
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
6
3
2
5
Interpretation: Employee benefits are related with giving additional fringe benefits to the
employees so that they can feel valued and acquire higher retention in the organisation. As per
the information gathered from 20 respondents, 4 have said that the best part of employee benefit
schemes used by the organisation is related with higher transparency. On the other hand, 6 have
said that collaborative aspect is the best part of employee benefits practices used in the
organisation. 3 have said that the best part of employee benefit scheme is that these are beneficial
29

for employees and organisation as well. 2 have said that employee benefits practices are
competitive in nature which is considered as the best part of these practices. At last 5 have said
that flexibility is the major part of employee benefits used in the organisation.
Q.8. If you are given an opportunity to change one element of your
employee benefit practices then what would you change?
Frequency
a) Retirement benefits 5
b) Compensation and wages 6
c) Health benefits 4
d) Holiday benefits 5
a) Retirement benefits
b) Compensation and wages
c) Health benefits
d) Holiday benefits
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
6
4
5
Interpretation: For every employee their requirements are different as in comparison to others.
This can be said that out of 20 respondents, 5 have said that if they are given an opportunity to
change one element in their employee benefits then this would be retirement benefits, 6 have said
that they will change compensation and wages. 4 have said that they will change aspects of
health benefits provided by their organisation and at last 5 have said that they will change
holiday benefits within their organisation.
Demographic questions
30

1) Your age range Frequency
a) 15 - 24 years old 6
b) 25 - 34 years old 5
c) 35 - 44 years old 3
d) 45 - 54 years old 2
e) 55+ years old 4
a) 15 - 24 years old
b) 25 - 34 years old
c) 35 - 44 years old
d) 45 - 54 years old
e) 55+ years old
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
5
3
2
4
Interpretation: From the above graph this can be concluded that majority of participants are 15-
24 old. These participants are included in the research in such a way that overall research results
can be acquired.
2) Your gender? Frequency
a) female 5
b) male 7
c) prefer not to say 4
d) other 4
31

a) female b) male c) prefer not to say d) other
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
7
4 4
Interpretation: From the above analysis this can be concluded that out of 20 respondents
majority of participants are male as 7 participants are male.
3) Your sex orientation? Frequency
a) Straight 15
b) Prefer not to say 3
c) other: 2
32

a) Straight b) Prefer not to say c) other:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 15
3
2
Interpretation: From the above research out of 30 respondents 15 respondents are straight
which are giving their responses in order to manage research objectives.
4) Your ethnicity group? Frequency
a) Asian, Asian British, any other Asian background 8
b) Black, Black British or any other Black background 5
c) White, White British or any other White background 3
d) Mixed or multiple ethnic group 2
e) Other: 2
33

0
2
4
6
8
8
5
3 2 2
Interpretation: From the above research this can be concluded that out of 20 respondents 8 are
Asian, Asian British or any other Asian background.
5) Your religion? Frequency
a) Christianity 5
b) Islam 2
c) Judaism 2
d) Buddhism 3
e) Hinduism 4
f) Prefer not to say 2
g) Other 2
34

a) Christianity
b) Islam
c) Judaism
d) Buddhism
e) Hinduism
f) Prefer not to say
g) Other
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5
2 2
3
4
2 2
Interpretation: According to the acquired responses out of 20 respondents, 5 are from Christian
religion and 4 are from Hindu religion.
Discussion
Theme 1: Concept of employee benefits within an organisation?
From the above gathered secondary information using literature review this can be
concluded that employee benefits play significant role in maintaining living standard of
employee and to provide them fringe benefits addition to their salary. With the help of providing
significant employee benefits staff performance can be increased as morale of employee can be
boosted (Waongenngarm, Areerak and Janwantanakul, 2018). Employee benefit includes
payment or non-monetary benefit to the employee in addition to their salary and wages such as
medical facilitates, travelling allowances and many others. Some other employee benefits are
such as free lunch, retirement benefits, insurance and housing accommodation.
Theme 2: Types of employee benefits adopted by Amazon within the workplace?
According to the there are different employee benefits that can be adopted by the
organisation so that to manage their employees and to acquire their skills and prominence into
the business. In this manner using of such benefits would provide acknowledgement to the
organisation in respect of managing the business and acquiring benefits as well (Hopkins and
35

McKay, 2019). The major employee benefits schemes adopted by such as retirement benefit,
medical plan, pension plans, bonus, additional lunch hours, fair compensation policies and
different others.
Theme 3: Impact of employee benefits on the productivity of employees and organisations
within Amazon?
According to the secondary information gathered using literature review this can be
concluded that using employee benefits are helpful in developing overall productivity. This is
stated that employee productivity is related with involving employees in the organisational
processes so that fuller engagement can be seen and at the same time their skills can be used in
meeting business objectives (Richter, 2020) With the help of prominent employee benefits top
talent can be attracted in the organisation in which such efforts can be exerted by them which are
beneficial in gaining business prominence.
36

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
It is being concluded from the above information that employee plays an integral role
within business as they contribute their full potential for achieving the goals and objective of
organisation. Employees generally perform various task and duties in exchange of compensation.
Successful employees contributes in achieving the goals, meeting the deadlines and improving
the sale of business. It becomes important for the organisation to improve the morale and
motivation level of staff so that they can give their best efforts in accomplishing the task. The
morale and motivation level of staff increases by offering them benefits and incentive.
Organisation generally offers various benefits to its employees including health insurance,
flexible and remote working options, life insurance, paid time off, retirement benefits, financial
planning resources and many others.
The different types of employee benefit programme helps in enhancing the efficiency and
performance of business due to which theygo9ve better outcomes in making business profitable.
Employee benefits includes various benefits that are provided to staff in addition to their salary
and wages. The main reason of employee benefit is to keep their employee feel engaged and
happy. It becomes important for company to offer various benefits to employees in order to
increase their efficiency and make them fee appreciated. The good employee benefits makes staff
feel comfortable and rewarded. By adding employee benefits within company, the loyalty, focus,
attendance, productivity of employees increases. Offering benefits to staff is important for
organisation as it reflects that company is investing in their health and future. Employee benefits
also helps in attracting and retaining staff due to which the success rate of organisation increases.
For staff, employee benefits are more important as it helps in providing better experience for
staff and also increase the satisfaction level. Employees benefits generally creates a great impact
on the productivity and performance of staff and company. When organisation offers employee
benefit it generally attract the best talent due to which the productivity of business increases.
The talented employees never work for company that fails to value them. Thus it is
important to focus on hiring skilled and talented workforce so that they can contribute their
productive outcomes in accomplishing the business goals. Employee benefits also help their
employees outside the organisation. The pandemic has influenced the health and safety of
37

employees due to which if organisation provide health benefits to its staff it helps them outside
the workplace. Healthy and talented teams translate to increased productivity. There are huge
impact of employee benefits on the productivity of employees as it helps in increasing the
motivation level of staff and also educate the staff about the benefits programme. Benefits
programme also helps in maintaining the standard of living of employees and also improve the
image of caring employer. The main objective of employee benefits are it helps in fulfilling the
needs of employees, fulfil social commitments and also enhances the brand image in the eyes of
people.
Employee benefits are needed to be considered using all the formats so that employee job
tenure can be enhanced and at the same time capabilities of employees can be used in meeting of
business objectives. Employee benefits are additional benefits which are given to employee so
that to increase employee engagement and retention into the organisation. Employee benefits can
be of monetary and non-monetary in which different positive aspects can be given to employees
so that differential business needs can be satisfied. These are the benefits which are apart from
the individual salary so that this will sharpen employee experience into the organisation.
Employee benefits are related with different sources such as medical insurance, life insurance,
retirement benefits and other fringe benefits. This is imperative for the organisation that to
acquire such benefits as in their employment rights so that employees can be retained into the
organisation for longer duration. These are regarded as the perks which will increase employee
overall income so that employee can spend the same for increasing their standard of living and
meeting their additional needs. Within an organisation the major objectives of using employee
benefit scheme is to render value to the employees and to provide them employment satisfaction
so that they can serve the organisation for longer period.
Recommendation
From the above gather data, it is being recommended that organisation should efforts in
order to motivate and provide benefits to their employee if they want to increase the overall
productivity and performance of the organisation. It is being suggested that if organisation want
to create a positive impact in the performance then they must give benefits to them. Employee
are those people who do actual work for the company and if they get attracted rewards this will
impact their productivity in effective manner. It should have recommended that business should
appreciate the efforts made by the employee which helps the organisation to gain advantage. this
38

will help them to create a good market image for their organisation. Employee benefit are those
non-monetary benefit that is provided by the employee for their excellent performance. Different
organisation uses different employee benefits so that they can retain their employee and enhance
their productivity. Some of the suggested employee benefits that should be acquired by the
company to improve employee productivity are as: Paid, sick or vacation leave: This is one of the most attracted employee benefit that
should be adopted by the company as it helps in building the sense of feelings among the
employee. This leaves will help in boosting the morale of the employee towards their
work which helps in increasing their productivity level. The paid leave is that leave in
which employee does not work but still company pay them for that particular day. In sick
leave company grants employee, the permission to take rest without doing any work and
the most attractive leave is vacation leave which is provide by the company to their
employee. In this organisation plan a short trip for their employee so that they can get
time to enjoy their life. Life insurance: This is another employee benefit in which company provide life
insurance agreement to their employee. In this organisation but the life insurance plan for
their employee and pay premium on it. This benefit should be used in the company as it
attracts and retain employee for longer time duration.
 Wellness program: Another employee befit that should be suggested to be implemented
in the organisation is wellness program. In this brands or company can provide health
lunch or snacks to their employee, can arrange for fitness activity, provide nap time and
many more. Through this they take care of the wellbeing of the employee and reduce the
absenteeism rate.
It is also being recommended to the company to adopt their employee benefits as this can
aids in gain various profits to them. Some of them are helps in attracting talents as well increase
employee retention, reduce employee burnouts, helps in maintain healthy environment and
culture and many other. It is also suggested that if companies want to acquire competitive edge
then they should look at the employee benefits program in sound manner. As this directly impact
the productivity and performance of the workforce. Thus, employee benefit is one of the vital
aspect in the recent time.
39

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APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Q.1. Are you aware of the employee benefits existent in your organization? (single choice
question)
a) Yes, I am aware
b) Yes, I am aware of some of them
b) No, I am not aware
Q.2. Do you think that employee benefits schemes are helpful in developing employee
productivity? (single choice question)
a) Yes, I think they are
b) Yes, partially
b) No, I don’t think they are
Q.3. As per your experience what are the different types of employee benefits used by Amazon
within the workplace?
a) Health care coverage
b) Compensation and wages
c) Health services
d) Parental leave
e) Discount coupons
f) Paid holidays
Q.4. What is the impact of employee benefits within Amazon in terms of organisational
productivity?
a) Improves employee retention
b) Boost morale
c) Attract and keep top talent
d) Healthy working environment
e) Maximised overall output
f) Improvised self-esteem
Q.5. Do you think that with the help of employee benefits, employee retention can be
enhanced?
43

a) Yes, definitely
b) Yes, partially
b) No, it can’t
Q.6. As per your analysis, the current series of employee benefits in Amazon match with your
expectation?
a) Yes, it does
b) No
c) Can't say
Q.7. What would you say is the best part of employee benefits used in your organisation?
a) Transparent
b) Collaborative
c) Beneficial
d) Competitive
e) Flexible
Q.8. If you are given an opportunity to change one element of your employee benefit practices
then what would you change?
a) Retirement benefits
b) Compensation and wages
c) Health benefits
d) Holiday benefits
Demographic questions:
1) Your age range?
a) 15 - 24 years old
b) 25 - 34 years old
c) 35 - 44 years old
d) 45 - 54 years old
e) 55+ years old
2) Your gender?
a) female
b) male
c) prefer not to say
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d) other
3) Your sex orientation?
a) Straight
b) Prefer not to say
c) other:
4) Your ethnicity group?
a) Asian, Asian British, any other Asian background
b) Black, Black British or any other Black background
c) White, White British or any other White background
d) Mixed or multiple ethnic group
e) Other:
5) Your religion?
a) Christianity
b) Islam
c) Judaism
d) Buddhism
e) Hinduism
f) Prefer not to say
g) Other
45