Employee Engagement and Retention: Research Report on HRM Practices and Their Impact on Apple Inc.

This research report analyses the practices of human resource management and its impact on employee engagement and retention in relation with Apple Inc. It includes literature review, research methodology, research findings, and conclusion and recommendations.

Research report on employee's
engagement and retention
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Executive summary
The impact of best HRM practices can be related to different organisation practices and
methods. This study provide a significant impact on the employee’s engagement and retain
period to analyse their impact in significant manner. It made a strategic analysis approach to
make an impactful activities and achieve all objective. This research report is related to Apple
Inc. Company and tried to gain different impact on HRM department and employee’s growth. It
would be helpful for the company to work and achieve significant manner in different analysis to
gain appropriate growth. This report is conducted on the basis of pre-established data and
secondary sources. Furthermore all chapters include a brief description and provide appropriate
in different ways to achieve objectives in an appropriate growth. The aim of this research is to
analyse the practices of human resource management and its impact on employee engagement
and retention in relation with Apple Inc. The objectives of the research is to review theories and
frameworks of HRM as well as stating two important practices while providing conclusion and
recommendations on same. The research methodology is explained using layers of onion
framework in the report.
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Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................2
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................5
Background of the company and research..............................................................................5
Research Aim.........................................................................................................................5
Research Objectives...............................................................................................................5
Research Questions................................................................................................................5
Research Rationale.................................................................................................................5
Summary of the project..........................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Literature review ...........................................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction to the chapter................................................................................................7
2.2 Literature on the topic......................................................................................................7
2.3 Theories and framework on the topic ..............................................................................8
2.4 Literature gap....................................................................................................................9
2.5 Conclusion........................................................................................................................9
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................10
Introduction to chapter.........................................................................................................10
Introduction..........................................................................................................................10
Research opinion..................................................................................................................10
Research Philosophy............................................................................................................10
Research Approach...............................................................................................................11
Research strategy..................................................................................................................11
Data collection and analysis.................................................................................................11
Ethical considerations...........................................................................................................11
Gantt chart............................................................................................................................13
Chapter 4: Research and findings..................................................................................................15
Introduction..........................................................................................................................15
Data analysis.........................................................................................................................15
Discussions of Literature review..........................................................................................21
Research Question 1.............................................................................................................21
Research Question 2.............................................................................................................22
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Research Question 3.............................................................................................................22
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation, limitation of the study .........................................23
Conclusion............................................................................................................................23
Recommendation..................................................................................................................23
Limitations of the study........................................................................................................24
References ....................................................................................................................................25
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Background of the company and research
Employee engagement and retention as one of the crucial for the successive business
priorities and mainly considered as the two key factors related to employers and the strive factors
of their influencers. Implementing effective employee's engagement and retention strategies
through the use of improved talent management is one of the effective and tested way to engage
workforce (Špoljarić and Verčič, 2021). The chosen company for the present study is Apple Inc.,
which is an American multinational technological company that provide their specialised
services in consumer electronics, software and different kind of online services. The company is
one of fourth largest PC vendor by unit sales and smartphone manufacturer.
Research Aim
“To analyse the practices of human resource management and its impact on employee
engagement and retention. A study on Apple Inc.”
Research Objectives
 The review the literature, theory and frameworks on HRM, Employee Engagement and
Employee Retention.
 Critically analyses at least two HR practices from the given data to establish how the
chosen HR practices mediates relationship between employee engagement and retention.
 Draw realistic and appropriate conclusions and make recommendations supported by
relevant literature and secondary research.
Research Questions
 What are the theories and frameworks written on HRM, Employee Engagement and
Retention?
 Which HR Practices mediates relationship between employee engagement and retention?
 What recommendations can be made to support by relevant literature and secondary
research?
Research Rationale
The rationale for choosing this research study is to gain informative knowledge of
employee's engagement and different retention strategies. With the help of this topic researcher
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is able to engaged employees to support an organisation and overcome the sudden changes in the
wave of economy (Jayathilake and et.al., 2021). This present study will help the company
through the outstanding performances, innovativeness and ability to make crises into an
opportunities. Furthermore, this study enhance the personal perspective of the researcher. That
include the knowledge of various skills like communication, research aptitude, methods and
other methods. This research will enhance the understanding on the importance and significance
of role of employees in continuous success and progress of an organisation. As human resources
are considered as most crucial assets of companies, it has become important as on how their
satisfaction, retention and engagement in objectives of company can be maximised.
Summary of the project
Chapter 1: It is introduction of the report which includes basic information about the
company and topic. In addition to this aim, objective, research questions and rationale for
choosing the study topic will be discuss.
Chapter 2: This chapter is known as Literature review as it is considered with the help
of secondary sources literature review that are related to research objectives or questions. In last
literature gap will be discussed that help to achieve objectives.
Chapter 3: Here, Research methodology will be discuss that help the researcher to
complete study with suitable methods are analyse.
Chapter 4: Research and finding is used to complete a quantitative study with
secondary research methods through the use of suitable charts and literature review.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation session will be analyse some realistic and
appropriate conclusion which are supported by literature review and secondary research analysis.
Furthermore, limitation of the research will be discuss while completing the study.
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Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Introduction to the chapter
This chapter provide the basic information about the HR practices through the help of
secondary data research. It will be helpful for the researcher and reader to analyse their
knowledge about the employee’s engagement and retention strategies (Alola and Alafeshat,
2021). This chapter provide large qualitative information related to the employee’s engagement
and practice within the organisation.
2.2 Literature on the topic
As per the view of Terry (2021), the meaning of employee retention and engagement is
very important for the HRM department. By introducing different strategies and to improve their
practices, company make HRM department and with the help of that they work efficiently into
the market (Employee Engagement and Retention – The Impact of Talent Management, 2021).
With the use of implementing employee’s engagement and different retention strategies it is very
important to work effective and achieve leading factors of talent management into their central
strategic plans.
Meaning of employee’s engagement and retention:
A simple meaning of employee’s engagement is to act and perform within the
organisation with a positive working environment. It reflects that a company should provide a
significant growth to make their employees feel happy and satisfied that further impact on their
ability to perform with best working environment. It means that the company is able to provide a
significant growth and achieve important factors in different employee’s engagement (Clack,
2021). In order to create the truly engage team, Apple Inc. use different kind of employee’s
engagement policies and practices to retain them for longer period of time. The company use
effective communication, collaboration and wellbeing process to addressed in different process
and realise employee’s ambitions.
Impact of talent management:
It can be said that the use of effective talent management practices are positively engage
and retain the efforts. Furthermore, in the diverse number of ways and creating the culture
environment it is helpful for managing conductive and producing an effective workforce
(Bellamkonda, Santhanam and Pattusamy, 2021). It will be helpful for the companies to work
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efficiently into the environment. In addition to this, the key areas of expontial changes and
implementing the talent management strategies’ are on-boarding, performance and effective
retention strategies. As the use of different practices and implementing the sources can be lead to
increase employee engagement and retentions to make effective success (Degbey and et.al.,
2021). This will be helpful for the company to encourage the employees and create a better
workforce to work in competitive market. Apple is one of the leading organisation within the
technological industry and there are large number of competitors. So, they should apply and
work effectively into the market and the use of both strategies can make a strong impact on the
company’s brand value.
2.3 Theories and framework on the topic
As per the view of Vulpen (2021), in the rapidly changing business environment, it is important
to work and manage different HR practices that are helpful for the company to retain large
employees who are becoming valuable assets (Human Resource Best Practices, 2021). The two
HR practices which Apple Company used to retain their employees and engage them in different
business activities are;
Selection and recruitment:
People are the known as the heart of an organisation, as they must be the first priority to
work and achieve better performance. They contribute within the organisation and contribute to
the success of the company. With the help of great hiring feature and success selection process
HRM department act appropriately and communicate effectively into the market (Abu-Darwish,
Al-Kasasbeh and Al-Khasawneh, 2021). With the help of right hiring and selection process a
company can gain higher employee’s productivity and retention period to manage their
employee’s turnover rate. Apple Company use this effective strategy to work effectively and hire
talented and right people for the company and gain higher competitive advantages in the market.
The apple company use telephonic interviews, as well as personal interviews, group discussions,
aptitude and reasoning tests during their selection processes in order to interact with employees.
Create open communication channel:
For the successful growth of the employee’s working condition, open communication
channel are basically very helpful for employee’s growth and success. It would be beneficial for
valued and most hiring ability to motivate the employee in an appropriate manner (Gordon and
Parikh, 2021). After the impact of pandemic, it has change the various organisational aspect and
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lead to change in different things. Once the company is able to perform effectively and make
organisational aspects work around the globe. Apple should follow this practice it is important
for the higher engagement of the company when they are allowed to work with managers and
communicate them effectively. In addition to this, Apple use open discussion and seminar where
most of the employees comes and discuss their personal and professional issues that they are
faced in company (Faletehan and et.al., 2021). These type of communications channel help the
company to work effectively and provide a significant growth in the employee’s success and
higher engagement activities. The company promotes openness in communication and promotes
employees to come forward and raise their voices to provide any suggestion and address their
grievances. Through promoting such activities, the company ensures effective employee
engagement.
2.4 Literature gap
The appropriate information of employee’s engagement and practices is a complex process
that can be related to large number of practices in different organisation. With the help of present
research study, investigator try to identify the appropriate theories and framework related to HR
practices and its impact on employee’s engagement and practices. Previous all research explain
the points of employee’s engagement and practices. But how to them within an organisation
effectively is not enlisted in previous research (Medina-Garrido and et.al., 2021).
2.5 Conclusion
It has been concluded that there are various theories and frameworks used by HRM to
promote employee engagement. This literature review acknowledge concepts of employee
engagement in terms of talent management and explained two constructive HRM practice to
maintain retention and engagement of employees; selection and recruitment as well as open
communication channels.
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Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Introduction to chapter
This chapter briefly include the stages of research methodology that a researcher opted
for completing the study in an effective and appropriate ways. Here, investigator use research
onion and explain each layer with the justification to choose one appropriate method among all.
It will be helpful for the readers to understand effectively about all stages of research
methodology and able to have their own understanding about the study (Hansmeier, Schiller and
Rogge, 2021).
Introduction
The research onion is the model which was presented by Saunders, Lewis and Thorn-hill
in their book. The main aim of the model is to explain different stages of research methodology
and create a better understanding about the project (Frost, 2021). This methodology helps the
researcher to conduct present study and analyse the impact of employee's engagement and
retention in an organisation.
Research opinion
It refers to the set of attitudes, beliefs and judgements which defines the conclusion and
interpretation of the research and it is mainly differs from personal and subjective perspectives of
individuals. Some researcher make opinions based on factual evidences whereas others requires
qualitative analysis of information. In this research both qualitative and quantitative aspects of
collecting data is used and opinions are based on that.
Research Philosophy
A research philosophy is refers to the set of belief in which the researcher investigate the
research. There are two type of philosophies which can be opted by researcher, Interpretivisim
and positivism philosophise. Both are appropriate for conducting research, but for the present
study positivism approach is effective. The reason for choosing this philosophy is to assume the
independent knowledge of the subject and use more scientific result in an effective and
appropriate manner. It would be beneficial for conducting research, there are major approaches
to work appropriately and make sure to use often nature of studies in different concepts.
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Research Approach
There are two main approaches which are used by the researcher for completing their
studies on the basis of opted philosophies. The two approaches are deductive and inductive
approach that are provide a support to choose the nature of research. Here, researcher choose
deductive approach that will be helpful for the researcher to provide a significant growth and
conduct a research with positivism philosophies (Keding, 2021). The main reason for choosing
deductive approach is it starts with specific development based on mainly literature review and
gradually work on the particular context. Another reason for choosing this approach is it helps in
conducting quantitative research methodology and provide a significant growth in completing
study.
Research strategy
There are different strategies which can be opted by researcher, it include action research,
experimental data, interviews, case study, survey and many more. The chosen strategy is based
on type of data which are required and complete purpose of the study. Here, Survey is used by
the researcher as it is linked with deductive approach and one of the effective and finest way to
conduct the research in an appropriate way (Hassenteufel and Genieys, 2021). It is used for
observing valuable data and make different market segments to collect the information.
Data collection and analysis
This is almost the final layer of the research onion, it include primary and secondary
sources of data. Here, the researcher opted qualitative and quantitative data in order to complete
with secondary sources of data collection. The data which is collected through different online
sites, used to be authenticate and reliable. All the secondary source of data is collected through
indirect sources like journals, online articles, websites and other different resources (Samoilenko
and Osei-Bryson, 2021).
Ethical considerations
In order to complete the project, researcher opted right ways to complete the process and
gain higher amount of authenticate sources. It will be helpful for the investigator to provide a
significant source and achieve with academic integrity (Awan, Arnold and Gölgeci, 2021). It is
considered that the researcher does not use plagiarism strategy to provide data. Furthermore it is
make sure that collected data is re-identified before it is released to the researcher. In addition to
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this consent of research’s subjects can be rationally presumed, outcomes of analysis would not
allow to re-identifying the participants details.
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Gantt chart
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Chapter 4: Research and findings
Introduction
This section is helpful for completing an analysis of secondary research methods and
different charts. These charts and table show the relationship and make mediate practices in
between the employee engagement and retention practices in different ways. This chapter
include the brief explanation of tables and critical analysis of contemporary HR Practices that are
based on literature review (Alola and Alafeshat, 2021).
Data analysis
Chart 1: Median labour turnover
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Chart 2: Median labour turnover
Interpretation: From the above charts it is interpreted, the apple company faced different issues
related to managing their employees for retain longer period of time. There are different factors
uses by employees to leave the organisation. Voluntary redundancies, retired and left voluntarily
are the few examples. In 2008 the rate is 69% whereas in 2016 the rate is increased to 84%. It
will analyse that 15% high rates to having high employee's retention. The median rate in 2005 is
18% whereas in 2017 it is 16.5% which are decline but with very slow rate. Now the companies
use some tables to interpretative related to performance management and retention of employees
with best HR practices which are discussed above.
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Table 1: performance management
Interpretation:
From the above table, it is interpreted that out of 100 respondents, 69% are agree with
this point that the company achieve their targets and able to communicate with each other.
Whereas, 40% respondents are not agree with the above point. In the context of performance
review and evaluate competencies, 37% respondents said that they are agree with the statement,
whereas 51% respondents are not agree. As within the company, the employee's performance
and their evaluation is not conducted in appropriate manner. Another question is the employee's
performance appraisal and its discussion with the supervisor, 100 out of 45% respondents said
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that they are agree about that, whereas 20% respondents are not agree with the point. It can be
said that it happened sometimes or sometimes not within the company that the superior make
discussion with the employees. In addition to this, when it comes to having employee's goals are
aligned with the business goals than 100 out of 33 respondents said that they are just agree with
the point. With the help of collecting secondary data, it is reviewed how performance
management is carried out in organisations.
Table 2: Recruitment and selection process
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Interpretation:
This table show that the company is needed to work with best HR practice and one of
them is recruitment and selection process. It would be beneficial for the company to work
effectively and interpret the need of best HR practice. There are different practices which a
company can use of recruit and select their employees. Some of them are related to providing
effective benefits package, skill audit, use internal talent management and use recruitment
process for adopting right technique to appoint best talent. Here, for the total benefit package,
30% respondents are agree, whereas 42% people are not agree as Apple is not providing this
benefit. For the use of internal recruitment process, 24% respondents are agree whereas, 57%
respondents are not agree with the use of this techniques. On the other hand, company ask that
how many respondents think the company have sufficient pool of managerial talent and for this,
40% respondents are agree. Whereas, 27% respondents are not agree. As they think that the
company is needed to work effectively and use more efficient managerial talents (Bibi and et.al.,
2021).
Table 3: Training and development process
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Interpretation:
This able shown the HR practice which can be opted by the company to Increase
employees retention rates. The third HR practice is training and development and the chosen
number of respondents are 100. The first question that ask by the company is that they think,
with the help of good training opportunities they can retain their employees for longer period of
time. On this statement, 32% respondents are agree whereas, 49% respondents are not agree with
that above statement. So, this show that the company is needed to be improve their training and
development session for providing good career opportunities. Another factor which company can
use is providing effective job flexibility to engage more progressive activities to their employees.
On this42% respondents are agree whereas, 46% respondents are not agree, so it can be said that
the company needed to be work on this factor and motivate their employees in more effective
and appropriate ways. Third factor that the company provide a clear guidance and assignments
which are needed to be complete on time. The respondents said that 47% are agree whereas, 38%
are not agree with the above statement. This show that the company are using this strategy and
most of their employees are happy with their policy.
Table 4: Compensation rewards process
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Interpretation:
With the above table, different factors can be interpret which are helpful for Apple
Company and helps them to reduce their employee turnover rate. This is third HR practice
related to providing effective compensation and reward management techniques. There are
different factors which Apple Company are using or they should use after conducting the
secondary research. The very first step is providing adequate salary package as per the
employee's education level. 35% respondents are agree that Apple Company follow this strategy.
Whereas, 43% respondents said they are not agree with this point. Another strategy is providing
appropriate remuneration package to their employees. On this point, 38% respondents are getting
agree whereas, 53% employees are not agree with the above statement. Which show that Apple
Company are not giving the appropriate remuneration package to their employees. Apple should
provide the best and attractive remuneration package for the successive growth and development
of the company in market. Another strategy is related to the company does not promote their
employees on their performance bases not on seniority (Malik and Sanders, 2021). Here, only
35% respondents are agree whereas, 51% respondents are not agree with the point. Which means
that apple are doing promotion on the basis of seniority as per their employees. So, they should
work ethically and promote all their employees on the basis of their individual capabilities and
performance within the company.
Discussions of Literature review
Research Question 1
What are the theories and frameworks written on HRM, Employee Engagement and
Retention?
As per this objective, it is analysed that the company is using different framework related
to employee engagement and retention. It is basically helpful for managing to work and achieve
different perspective to work and make systematic growth. There are different theories that are
helpful for effective employee’s engagement in different perspective and applicability in
different applicability. With the help of these framework there are effective HRM practices to
work appropriately and made significant process in employee’s engagement. It would be helpful
for considering different major challenges to work significantly to achieve effective retention in
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Apple Company. This objective is achieved by the researcher as they are able to analyse
different theories and framework of HRM.
Research Question 2
Which HR Practices mediates relationship between employee engagement and retention?
With the help of another literature review relationship in employees engagement with
appropriate retention period. Apple Company is basically used different motivational and
innovation strategies to work effectively into the market. With the use of recruitment & selection
and proper communication channel in significant manner. It would be helpful for significant
changes in an appropriate manner to analyse appropriate people engagement and make retention
to achieve higher level of employees. It would be work and make systematic to work and applied
in business organisation. There are recruitment and selection process are used by company to
work effectively into market and achieve higher proficiency at higher level. This objective is
partially achieved by the researcher, but in reality there are different HR practices which can be
opt by the management. So, only two HR practices are not appropriate for the success of the
company.
Research Question 3
What recommendations can be made to support by relevant literature and secondary
research?
The third objective is related to achieve objectives in more significant manner and
provide a connected link in HRM practices and their framework used by the company. There are
different challenges which a company faced while they applied HRM practices in their
organisation. SO, it would be beneficial for the company to apply relevant and appropriate
growth in the organisation. This objective is achieved by the researcher as, two main HR
practices are recommended to the Apple Company for working effectively into market.
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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation, limitation of the study
Conclusion
This report of research has been concluded that communication, employee’s development
and reward management are beneficial for the appropriate growth in reward management
practices. It is considered for managing a strong base for dynamic and organisational perspective
to manage the culture. To promote their abilities and competency in the organisation to achieve
strategies priorities in the market analysis. Furthermore the use of engaging growth in employees
and work with the right sources and complete effective challenges in the reward recognition to
the growth of employees. With the use of appropriate HR practices within an organisation can
lead to work and achieve higher profit ability and make significant growth in analysing and
recognising employees and increase the level of employee’s engagement in different perspective.
It is further determined that the HR manager and different management team are significantly
make an impact on HR practices, make attractive, effective and efficient employees growth. On
the basis of research findings it has been concluded that there are many practices prevailing in an
organisation to engage employees but still employees are facing issues and still there is an
increase in rate of employment turnover. Many employees are not satisfied with the procedures
of performance management and shows strong disagreement in various areas. The ideas and
perspectives of staff differs on various HR practices and employees high satisfaction is quite a
challenge within an organisation.
Recommendation
After completing the research analysis and HR practices, it is recommended that the
company is work effectively and manage valid and reliable data. Some appropriate
recommendation for the Apple Company to work effectively and manage their employees in
significant manner. Few recommendations are provided below:
 The very first way is to hire more and more employees to make successful approach and
gain a strong relationship among human employees and their turnover.
 The company should provide the employees an effective culture and better
communication plan. That will further help their employees to make a strong relationship
with others and provide a significant approach in more adoptive nature.
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 In last Apple company work in innovation so it is very important for the company to
achieve higher efficiency by addressing employee’s culture and recognise the feedback to
optimize employee’s turnover (Muñoz-La Rivera and et.al., 2021).
 The company is required to increase awareness on their HRM practices and it is
suggested for them to ensure that these practices are effectively carried out and is
acknowledged by all employees.
 It is recommended for company to pay emphasis on opinions of employees on various
procedures of HRM as numerous employees still do not believe that their organisation is
trying to enhance their satisfaction. The company is suggested to ask their concerns and
ensure their positive feedback and reviews.
Limitations of the study
The limitation of the study is the inappropriate time that will helpful in managing the work
in team and make successful completion on time. Furthermore the use of secondary data and
complete with full of authenticity make a difficulty situation. In addition to this, arranging
appropriate data through internet and interpret that into researcher own language found difficult.
Furthermore the use of appropriate to make major challenges in systematic growth and provide
an appropriate segment to work effectively into the market. All of these faced as a limitation of
the study and found difficulties in completion of the project. Furthermore, to collect the reliable
and accurate data from the official websites seems very difficult and approach in more
significant and relevance approach (Werner, 2021). It would be beneficial for managing and
analysing the work and make sufficiency to work and applied into the market.
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