Energy-Efficient Techniques for 5G

This presentation explains the efficient techniques of 5G networks that can be applied to make energy consumption efficient. It covers topics such as architecture, energy consumption, economic and environmental concerns, ideal energy-efficient network, relation between spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, challenges, and techniques for energy-efficient 5G networks. It also provides insights into resource allocation, network planning, energy harvesting, hardware solutions, and comparison between various energy-efficient 5G techniques.

Energy-Efficient Techniques for 5G
4G/5G Technologies
15/09/2018
Nikita M Sambrekar 12768255
Ruturaj R Gole 12727273
Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of technology Sydney
[e-mail]

Topics of Presentations
• Architecture of 5G network
• Energy consumption in 5G network
• Economic and Environmental concerns
• Ideal Energy efficient network
• Relation between Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency
• Challenges in energy-efficient 5G networks

Topics of Presentations continued…
• Techniques for energy efficient 5G
• Resource allocation techniques
• Network planning and development technique
• Energy harvesting and transfer technique
• Hardware solutions technique
• Comparison between various energy efficient 5G techniques

Introduction
• Energy consumption has been the pillar in the communication
networks design. There is need to compel the energy efficient
system designs and operations as the advent of the 5th
generation of wireless networks has led more base stations and
much more interconnections of billions devices.
• The presentations is an explanation to some of the efficient
techniques of 5G networks that can be applied in making
energy needed to be efficient in all manners.

Architecture of 5G network
• The architecture of 5G network has highly advanced as it has
network elements as well as terminals which have upgraded
greatly and thus affording in new situations.
• System is comprises of main user terminals and independent
and autonomous technologies for radio access.
• Every radio technology has an IP link from the outside world.
The design of IP technology has been made on the basis of
controlling sufficient data for appropriate IP packets routing
that are in relation to the connections of applications.

5G network architecture diagram

Architecture of 5G network continued…
This is the system model of
5G that is on the basis of a
model designed for all the
mobile and the wireless
networks. For routing of
packets to be accessible
they should be fixed in
accordance with the
available policies as per the
user requirements.

Architecture of 5G network continued…

Architecture of 5G network continued…
Master Core Technology

Energy consumption in 5G network
• Consumption of energy is very high in the manner that it
involves sending of routing packets in large volumes way and
much more sending them very fast thus requiring a lot of
energy in transmission.
• Large volume of data can be transmitted from the source to the
destination at a go, thus it may require a lot of computing
resources in completion of the process. This has led to a lot of
energy being consumed greatly.

Economic and Environmental concerns
• 5G economy and environmental concerns have been described
on the basis on how the 5G network will affect the ecomomy in
general and the entire environments. The benefits of 5G have
not been widely known in the globe when compared to its
predecessors such as 2G,3G and 4G respectively.
• The idea behind this has been explained using the comcepts in
economy and environmental concerns of a nation.

Energy consumption in 5G network
continued …
Economy Concerns.
• In terms of economy the industries will feel the effect of the
shift to the 5G. The major areas of applications to feel the
change are such as the IoT, Healthcare, Automotive and many
other industries that will bring transformations in their daily
lives.
• There will be creation of a very different economy because of
the unprecedented innovations according to the Landmark
Research projects.
• The major concerns and impacts are such as

Economy Concerns continued …
• It will create new revenue to the economy
• New growth of the economy will be inspired.
• Innovation will be accelerated
Environmental Concerns
• Have effects to heath and have been using
MMW which is still Scarcely Explored.

Environmental Concerns Continued …
• RF-EMF has been exposed and thus leading to rise of health
effects.
• There is suggestion of oncologic and much more the effects of
non-cancerous chronic.
• RF-EMF biological effects has been needed.
• Non-communicable diseases has been underrated which could
be a harm.

Ideal Energy efficient network
• Promotion of basic and applied researches in the
significant energy efficiency in 5G network.
• It has raised awareness for the efficiency of energy
which are potentials and building capacities.
• Reduced energy costs
• Improved the productivity and competitiveness
through the quality of products which has been
enhanced by reducing the rejects in production.

Ideal Energy efficient network
Continued…
• Market increment by sharing of efficient solutions and all the
services which are related.
• Networking
• Innovation has been fostered
• Creation of dynamics in new markets in the services of energy
• Transparency has increased with reference to the use of data
and energy

Ideal Energy efficient network
Continued…
• Complying with the legal requirements
• Contributing to climate policies nationally and globally.
• International Transfer of knowledge being catalyzed.

Relation between Spectral efficiency and
energy efficiency
Energy Efficiency is considered to as the number of bits per the
number of joules that are transmitted in the energy that is
available. The unit is bits per joules.
Spectral Efficiency is termed to as the rate of information which is
usually transmitted over the BW given in a particular system used
for communication. The unit of measurement is bits per second
per Hertz.

Relation between Spectral efficiency and
energy efficiency continued …
• In characterizing between the Relation between Spectral
efficiency and energy efficiency in trade-off for a point-to-point
transmissions AWGN channels and Shannon's capacity always
play a very major role.

Relation between Spectral efficiency and energy
efficiency continued…

Energy efficient methods for wireless
Networks
• There is impact of ell sizes on the Energy- Efficient as this has
reduced the size of the cell and thus increasing the number of
information delivered bits/unit of energy which is given by the
density of the user and the service area total power.
• Energy efficient can be enhanced in the manner when a node
which asleep is formally introduced.

Challenges in energy-efficient 5G
networks
• There is need for investigation of the power that is needed for
transmission in the new energy efficiencies models of the 5G
small networks
• There is need to develop the optimizations such as joint
schemes and algorithm in improving the energy efficiency of 5G
as it will help in saving the computation and the power of
transmission at BBUs.
• There is need to change the BBUs power computations as the
heating cooling system need to support the computations
functions of BBUs

Challenges in energy-efficient 5G
networks continued …
• Tradeoff between the functions computation and the power
that is transmitted in the networks of 5G.
• There is power optimization for the consumption at the
functions of BSs which has a massive MIMO and waves
technologies used during transmission.
• Impact of the network of 5G architectures of network on the
power of computation especially in small cell networks of 5G

Spectral Efficient Methods for Wireless
Networks.
Some advanced techniques in communication techniques fully
that exploited the networks which are wireless in providing
services of spectral efficient such as.
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
 Multiple- Input, Multiple – output (MIMO) techniques
 Relay transmission

Techniques for energy efficient 5G
• Green multiple access/modulation schemes beyond OFDMA
• Energy-efficient design and assessment of mmWave
communications
• Energy-aware design for small cells and HetNets (inc. WiFi
integration)
• Energy efficiency aspects of Cloud RAN and other highly novel
cooperative techniques

Techniques for energy efficient 5G
continued…
• Energy saving potential of local caching
• Green massive MIMO techniques
• Green backhauling and network deployment architectures

Resource allocation techniques
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband.

Resource allocation techniques
continued …
• There is massive Machine-type communications (MMTC)

Resource allocation techniques
continued …
•Ultra Reliable Low Latency
Communications (URLLC)

Resource allocation techniques
continued …
• Major Tech Filling in the Gap

Network planning and development technique
• There are major challenges which are associated with 5G
planning of the network and developing such techniques. Some
of the associated challenges are such as.
• More capacity
• High rate of data

Network planning and development
technique continued …
• The latency is lower
• Cost and the energy is reduced
• Connectivity for all the massive devices available.
• Quality Experience.

Network planning and development
technique Continued …
Design Techniques
• Spectra
• Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
• Device-to-device communication

Network planning and development
technique Continued …
• Reduced Overhead of protocols
• Cell Architecture being heterogeneous

Energy harvesting and transfer technique
Millimeter Wave Energy harvesting.
Is the technique that is applied by future cellular networks in 5G.
This is large spectrum of resources at a very high frequency
which may lead higher data rates.
Environmental Energy harvesting
Radio-frequency energy harvesting

Hardware solutions technique
• Wide range of Radio systems portfolio to support mobile
operators to enhance network performance and continuously
adding new variants to Ericsson radio systems capable of 5G-NR
• Radio Access network solution
• CPUs, FGPAs and Strong semiconductor experience to solve
complex technology integration into chip

Hardware solutions technique continued…
• There will be need to implement the RAN which will be main
cloud-based technology the will be used in making the future if
5G networks effective and much more efficient.
• Designing a framework for traffic-awareness of the near-future
traffic.
• Developing online design policies
• Attention being given to power amplifiers.

Comparison between various energy
efficient 5G techniques
• The efficiency of the energy with regard to the five techniques
can be compared using the three major layers which as
explained using the following figures.

Comparison between various energy
efficient 5G techniques continued…

Comparison between various energy
efficient 5G techniques continued…
Dynamic Resource Allocation in The next generation of the
cellular networks.

Comparison between Offloading
Techniques and Dense Networks
techniquesOffloading techniques Dense Networks
It is applied when there is need to boost the
capacity and the efficiency of the energy for all
the works of the future.
It has to main kinds namely Dense
heterogeneous network and MIMO
There is application of visible light in which
data spectrum is enabled by the off-shelf LEDs
Another employment done here is the
fractional programming which is used for
developing the algorithms for allocation in the
OFDMA networks for the purpose of minimizing
the energy used consumed in transmitting the
bits.
There is local caching where the networks
which are wireless maybe subject to traffic
load which has varying time and thus the light
loads periods maybe leveraged by application
of the redundant capacity in downloading and
storing the BS’s Cache which some popular
content which are mostly applied by most
users
massive MIMO systems are known in being
difficult when it comes to estimation of channel
tasks and with this it may lead to sever
contamination effects and much more affecting
the significant hardware's and the
impairments.

References
[1] Ericsson White Paper, “More than 50 billion connected devices,”
Ericsson, Tech. Rep. 284 23-3149 Uen, Feb. 2011.
[2] “The 1000x data challenge,” Qualcomm, Tech. Rep. [Online].
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Footprint of Mobile Communications–The Ecological and Economic
Perspective,” IEEE Communications Magazine, issue on Green
Communications, pp. 55–62, August 2011.
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energy is needed to run a wireless network?” IEEE Wireless
Communications, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 40–49, 201

References Continued…
[5] “Why the EU is betting big on 5G,” Research EU Focus Magazine,
vol. 15, 2015.
[6] “NGMN alliance 5G white paper,” https://www.ngmn.org/5g-
whitepaper/5g-white-paper.html, 2015.
[7] J. G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, W. Choi, S. Hanly, A. Lozano, A. C. K.
Soong, and J. C. Zhang, “What will 5G be?” IEEE Journal on Selected
Areas in Communications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1065–1082, June 2014.
[8] “The GreenTouch Project,” http://www.greentouch.org, accessed:
2016- 03-22.

References continued
• [9] GreenTouch Foundation, “Reducing the net energy
consumption in communications networks by up to 98% by
2020,” Tech. Rep., 2015. [10] D. J. Goodman and N. B.
Mandayam, “Power control for wireless data,” IEEE Personal
Communications, vol. 7, pp. 48–54, 2000.