Engineering Science Part 1: Materials, Principles, and Design of Ships

Running Head: ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
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Author’s Note

1ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
Introduction:
Ships require some basic components that are required to build them. Most of the ships
need almost similar materials to build. The materials required in order to build a ship include
iron, aluminum, steel, plastics and many more, but the materials are not just limited to these.
There are numerous more materials that are needed for specifically building a ship (DeVellis
2016). This report provides a project plan which represents various factors that should be
considered while building a ship. This report further discusses regarding various factors that are
needed to check in order to build a ship that would perform more efficiently.
Discussion:
The ability of metal and non-metal materials that are used in building ships. There are numerous
materials that are used in building ship, including ferrous metals as well as non-ferrous metals,
GRP (Grass Reinforced Plastics/fiber glass), wood and plastics. Steel is the material that is
widely used in projects of shipbuilding. Steel has very good metallurgical properties which helps
it to overcome fatigue and brittle fracture. Steel that consists very low carbon has tensile strength
of around 400 to 490 MN/m2 and yields strength of around 235 MN/m2 (Cullen 2018). It
elongates around 15 to 20%. Steel can be treated with heat. Alloy elements can be used to
change various characteristics of steel. Carbon can be used to increase hardness as well as
strength, it also reduced ductility. Manganese increases the tensile strength, notch toughness and
ductility. Silicon is used to increase tensile strength and hardness, it makes welding very easy
(Casareale, Bernardini and Bartolucci 2017). Sulphur makes welding easy and reduces the
complexity in weldability. Phosphorous improves the level of ductility and toughness.

2ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
Archimedes principles used on ship testing:
The buoyancy principle of Archimedes states about the buoyant force. Buoyant force is a fore
that keeps the ships floating. the floating of ship depends on the amount of water that it
displaces. If the amount of water displaced by the ship is equal or more than its own weight, the
ship would float but if the ship displaces less amount of water compared to its own weight, it has
more chances to sink. An example of this situation is that, the (Dawson, Johnston and Stewart
2014) water displaced by a coin is weighted less than its own weight, as a result it sinks. The
overall capacity of a cruise ship is dependent on its double occupancy which is two guests per
cabin. The capacity of the cabin depends on the type of the storeroom, line and ship and the
category of storeroom that the ship has. A standard ship cabin supports two to three guests but in
some cases, it varies. Some ships may be bigger or smaller than the expected size. Some surveys
that have been carried out on cruise ships include some features like the ships would sail at
different capacities depending on their season and intermarry. An average cruise ship supports
around 3000 guests for the ocean liners and nearly 150 guests for the bigger river ships. The
most passenger capacity of a cruise ship has been recorded as 5412 and if all the berths are
occupies, it would support 6318 passengers.
Maximum capacity to hold passengers of a cruise ship will signify the financial situation, when
every berth including all the lower and upper bunks, single as well as double sofa and “Pullman”
beds are occupied by the most crowd, that the ship is capable to hold.