Engineering Science Part 1: Materials, Design, and Principles

Running Head: ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
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Author’s Note

1ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
Introduction:
The basic components that are required to build a ship is same for all kinds of ships. The
materials that are required to build a ship are steels, aluminum, plastic, iron core and may more
based on the type and size of the ship. In this particular task the mechanical materials needed to
build one Cruise ship is provided along with an approximate design of the ship. All the
mechanical stress, strain, breaking stress of the materials are calculated using scientific methods
that will allow long term stability of the ship. The final chosen materials for building the ship is
decided based on the calculations and the results obtained in previous articles where similar
kinds of ships were manufactured.
Ship design plan:
The ability of metal and non-metal materials that are used in building ships. There are
numerous materials that are used in building ship, including ferrous metals as well as non-ferrous
metals, GRP (Grass Reinforced Plastics/fiber glass), wood and plastics. Steel is the material that
is widely used in projects of shipbuilding. Steel has very goodmetallurgical properties which
helps it to overcome fatigue and brittle fracture. The tensile strength of the very low carbon steel
is approximately 400 to 490 MN/m^2 and possess total yield strength of approximately 235
MN/m^2 (Cullen 2018). It elongates around 15 to 20%. Steel has the ability to be treated with
heat. Alloy elements can be used to change various characteristics of steel. Carbon can be used in
order to increase hardness as well as strength, it also reduced ductility(Desai, Prajapati and Patel
2016). Manganese increases the tensile strength, notch toughness and ductility. Silicon is used in
order to increasetensile strength and hardness, it makes welding very easy. Sulphur makes

2ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
welding easy and reduces the complexity in weald ability. Phosphorous improves the level of
ductility and toughness. Typical design plan of a cruise ship is shown below.
Figure: Typical cruise ship design plan
Archimedes’ principle in contextual engineering applications:
By the Archimedes principle as given by the Greek mathematician Archimedes, any
object if submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) faces an upward force known as the buoyant force.
The buoyant force is proportional to the weight of the body as the amount of fluid displaced by
the body is proportional to the weight of the body. If the body is completely immersed in the
fluid then the volume of the fluid displaced is equal to volume of the body (considering the body
is solid and the fluid is chemically non-reactive with the body). Hence, if the particular cruise
ship is launched then the water level at which it will swim depends on when the weight of ship is
equal to the weight of displaced water by it. Hence, the area covered by the ship must be large
enough to swim the cruise ship in an acceptable level in water. Generally, the ship area is made
larger than the acceptable limit as the ship can even swim in fully loaded condition.