Shipbuilding: Materials, Design, and Principles

ENGINEERING SCIENCE PART 1
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

Introduction:
Sips require some basic components that are required to build them. Most of the ships need almost
similar materials in order to build. The materials required in order to build a ship include iron,
aluminum, steel, plastics and many more, but the materials are not just limited to these. There are
numerous more materials that are needed for specifically building a ship. This report provides a
project plan which represents various factors that should be considered while building a ship. This
report further discusses regarding various factors that are needed to check in order to build a ship
that would perform more efficiently.

Plan for Ship design:
The ability of metal and non-metal materials that are used in building ships. There are numerous materials
that are used in building ship, including ferrous metals as well as non-ferrous metals, GRP (Grass Reinforced
Plastics/fiber glass), wood and plastics. Steel is the material that is widely used in projects os shipbuilding.
Steel has very goo metallurgical properties which helps it to overcome fatigue and brittle fracture. Steel that
consists very low carbon has tensile strength of around 400 to 490 MN/m2 and yields strength of around 235
MN/m2. It elongates around 15 to 20%. Steel has the ability to be treated with heat. Alloy elements can be
used to change various characteristics of steel. Carbon can be used in order to increase hardness as well as
strength, it also reduced ductility. Manganese increases the tensile strength, notch toughness and ductility.
Silicon is used in order to increase tensile strength and hardness, it makes welding very easy. Sulphur makes
welding easy and reduces the complexity in weldability. Phosphorous improves the level of ductility and
toughness.

Archimedes principles used on ship testing:
The buoyancy principle of Archimedes states about the buyout force. Buyout force is the a fore that keeps the ships
floating. the floating of ship depends on the amount of water that it displaces. If the amount of water displaced by the
ship is equal or more than its own weight, the ship would float but if the ship displaces less amount of water compared
to its own weight, it has more chances to sink. An example of this situation is that, the water displaced by a coin is
weighted less than its own weight, as a result it sinks. The overall capacity of a cruse ship is dependent on its double
occupancy which is two guests per cabin. The capacity of the cabin depends on the type of the storeroom, line and ship
and the category of storeroom that the ship has. A standard ship cabin actually supports two to three guests but in some
cases it varies. Some ships may be bigger or smaller than the expected size. Some surveys that have been carried out
on cruise ships include some features like the ships would sail at different capacities depending on their season and
intermarry. An average cruise ship supports around 3000 guests for the ocean liners and nearly 150 guests for the
bigger river ships. The largest passenger capacity of a cruise ship has been recorded as 5412 and if all the berths are
occupies, it would support 6318 passengers.