Enterprise Architecture Assignment 2022

Running head: ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Name of student
Name of university
Author’s note:

1
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Table of Contents
Report 1.1.......................................................................................................................2
Johnson and Johnson case study................................................................................2
Report 1.2.......................................................................................................................3
Comparison of framework of EA...............................................................................3
Report 1.3.......................................................................................................................6
ERD diagram..............................................................................................................6
Report 1.4.......................................................................................................................7
EA and Big data.........................................................................................................7
EA and cloud computing............................................................................................9
References....................................................................................................................11

2
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Report 1.1
Johnson and Johnson case study
The main problem for the organisation is the decentralised enterprise architecture of
their IT setup. It restricted the company from proper utilisation of the IT resources from the
several branches of the company. The solution that could be proposed for this particular issue
is the centralised IT architecture in the organisation. any centralised architecture mainly
implies the easy availability of single or even few of the entities that have the control over the
complete network. The centralised approach commonly denotes that there would be one-hop
connectivity to all the network members but within the context of the short-range embedded
systems, is commonly realised by the use of multihop network. From the perspective of the
security in any organisation, the single centralised entity requires to be effectively monitored
for ensuring the safety of the entire network.
The organisation could implement this particular network for establishing efficient
communication among the various branches of the company. The aspect of the centralised
computing could be achieved with the implementation of the centralised architecture in the
organisation. centralised computing could be described as the kind of computing architecture
where majority of the processing or even computing is executed on the single server
(Lapalme et al. 2016). The centralised computing allows the deployment of all the computing
resources of the company from the central server (Proper and Lankhorst 2014.). This
centralised system mainly utilises the server/client architecture where one or even more than
one client nodes are effectively connected to any central server (Zarvić and Wieringa 2014).
This kind of network is the most common network kind that is used by the organisations
where the client sends any request to the company server and then receives the appropriate
response (Hinkelmann et al. 2016). The Johnson and Johnson company could utilise this

3
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
particular architecture for allowing the proper use of the IT resources available in the
company branches.
In the present technological world, the Enterprise architecture is the discipline that has
evolved significantly for structuring the business and the alignment with all the IT systems of
the companies. Zachman Framework could be described as the enterprise ontology and it is
the fundamental structure for the enterprise architecture that offers an efficient method of
observing the information systems and the company from various perspectives and then
display the methods of association among the various components of the organisation. It
could be observed from the case study that the J&J company was facing significant difficulty
with the management of the IT resources and the changes in the markets. The major part of
this difficulty is the lack of proper internal understanding of the sophisticated structure as
well as the components in the various sectors of organisations where the legacy information
regarding the business is effectively locked away within the minds of particular employees or
the business units. This framework could be applied to the situation of the J&J where the
company realised the requirement of integration and of the IT system and the implementation
of common standards. The company realised that there is a requirement of realigning the IT
system with the innovative corporate strategy.
Report 1.2
Comparison of framework of EA
The processes that were proposed for the EA are the business architecture,
Information architecture, application architecture and the technology architecture. Zachman
Framework could be described as the enterprise ontology and it is the fundamental structure
for the enterprise architecture that offers an efficient method of observing the information
systems and the company from various perspectives and then display the methods of

4
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
association among the various components of the organisation. It is the distinct approach to
elements of the system development. Rather than representing all the processes as the series
of stages, this framework mainly focussed on the perspective of the various players and it
helped in providing the organisations with the effective method of assessing the overall
completeness of the software development process models, in the terms of the information
requirements of the organisation. The main structure of the Zachman framework could be
described as the two dimensional classification scheme for the descriptive representations of
the enterprises that is mainly structured as matrix that contains 36 cells and each of them
effectively focussing on single dimension or the perspective of enterprise. The rows are
frequently presented as the distinct perspectives that are involved within the process of
system development while the columns mainly represent the various perspectives of all the
stakeholders included within the organisation.
TOGAF architecture could be described as the architectural structure that stands for
The Open Group Architectural Framework (Desfray and Raymond 2014). It is considered as
an important tool for the development of the wide range of various IT architectures. Majorly,
it allows the designing, evaluating and then developing the correct architecture for the
organisations. The key to the TOGAG is that, it is significantly reliable, proven method for
developing the IT architecture that helps in meeting all the requirements of the business
(Iacob et al. 2014). The TOGAF is the enterprise architecture methodology that provides the
high level structure for the software development in the organisations (Zarvić and Wieringa
2014). The TOGAG assists with the organising the process of development with the help of
the systematic approach that aims at reducing the errors, managing the timelines, handling the
budget and then aligning the aspect of IT with the business units for producing the
significantly high-quality results.

5
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
The FEA or Federated Enterprise Architecture could be described as the pattern
within the enterprise architecture that permits the effective interoperability as well as the
information sharing among the semi-autonomous decentrally organised business lines,
information technology systems and the applications. The main benefits of the being
significantly independent of any global authority as possible are significantly expected to
outweigh the issues that are caused by the misunderstandings as well as the incompatibilities.
The Enterprise Architecture framework of Gartner mainly believes that the EA is regarding
the integration of the three major constituents, namely the information specialists, the
business owners and the technology implementers. As per the perspective of Gartner, any EA
project should be initiated with the effective understanding of the enterprise direction on the
business and not with the discovery of the present position of the company.
The SOA and the EA are presently considered as the integral strategic disciplines that
offers the organisations with the tangible methods of aligning the IT and the business,
moreover because of the misunderstanding of the relationship among these particular
disciplines. The EA mainly supplies the answers the includes the organisation wide
processes, the methods of the aligning of the processes with the strategies and the methods by
which the processes are associated with the performance measures. The SOA provide the
customer responsive IT solutions as well as the interfunctional coordination of the
information flows as well as the robust platform that could be used by the business for
establishing the applications.

6
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Report 1.3
ERD diagram
Figure: Er diagram of Milk dairy

7
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Figure: ER diagram of Quikfix repair shop
Report 1.4
EA and Big data
The enterprise architecture could be described as the conceptual model that mainly
defines the structure as well as the operation of any organisation. The intention of any
enterprise architecture is determining the methods by which any organisation would most
effectively achieve the present and the future objectives. The technology of Big data mainly
includes both the human generated and the machine generated data. The main examples of
the machine generated data are the call details records, the data produced by the
manufacturing sensors, the logs of equipment and the data generated from the vehicle
tracking systems whereas the human generated data mainly includes the customer feedback

8
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
streams, the social media platforms, documents, video files, images, the call logs from the
CRM and the data from the direct interactions with the suppliers, employees, and the
customers. With the increase in the amount of data that is being generated in the present
times, the major challenges for the enterprises could be categorised as, designing the
appropriate system that effectively handles the data and the analysis of the big data for
extracting the insightful meaning for any decision maker. Even though the enterprises now
consider the big data technology as the strategic asset, the statistics displays the almost 60%
of the project of big data are not even completed and several other projects fails to meet the
objectives. Several companies blindly develop the sophisticated databases and then initate the
collection of data on the basis of vague plan deprived of the proper knowledge about the
requirement from the big data technology that leads to the failure. The main reason for the
failure of the big data projects is majorly because of not having the clear business goal in
initial stages of the projects. Several projects of big data are initiated prior defining the
requirement of the project or even the business driver. Significantly poor planning as well as
the failure of defining a clear and adequate scope, lack of enterprise wide data access and
lack of collaboration among the stakeholders, the change management issues and the focus on
technology instead of business requirements are the major reasons of failure of big data
projects.
The present gap within the appropriate implementation of the strategic planning that is
cited by the researchers could be filled with the application of Enterprise architecture
practices to any organisation as the definition of Enterprise Architecture aims at executing the
analysis, designing, planning and then the implementation of projects in the enterprise. With
the assumption that the enterprise is getting significant benefits from Enterprise Architecture
practise at holistic level, the major issues that are encountered within the implementation of
the big data project could be significantly alleviated (Kb.osu.edu, 2019). Considering the first

9
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
cause of big data project failure, which is the lack of proper business goal, the enterprise
architecture utilises the portfolio management for effectively prioritising the projects and then
allocate the required resources to them. Moreover, with the efficient governance of the IT
projects that includes the big data projects, the enterprise architecture could assure the
efficient project alignment with the business strategy. For effectively increasing the
possibility of the success of any big data project, several researchers have suggested that the
enterprises defines any business case with the narrow scope that has required consensus
across the enterprise (Kb.osu.edu, 2019). The enterprise architecture helps with the
appropriate planning for the big data projects and then defining the appropriate project scope
as it encourages investing significant time for analysing the business objectives of any project
prior the planning is initiated and therefore preventing the project from producing any
misaligned outcome.
EA and cloud computing
The main recommendations concerning the application security as well as the
encryption could be identified as :
 The management of the application credentials is significantly critical: the
credentials must be protected and also secured
 It is vital to utilise the encryption for securing the storage of any data within the
cloud environment. In the similar manner, the data is protected with the help of
encryption method during the usage in the cloud environment and in any external
system (Aureli, Pierfranceschi and Wache 2012)
 The chosen encryption system must conform to the prevailing government
standards and the industry rules

10
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
 The keys utilised for the encryption of data must be protected effectively when the
storing, transmitting or even backup is being done (Aureli, Pierfranceschi and
Wache 2012)
 Check whether the data are encrypted effectively during the transit inside the
network of the cloud provider. The network of the cloud provider is significantly
more secure than internet but it is shared among the various customers
 It is possible that within any IaaS scenario, the virtual machine files and the
temporary data are required to be effectively encrypted (Aureli, Pierfranceschi and
Wache 2012)

11
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
References
Aureli, L., Pierfranceschi, A. and Wache, H., 2012, June. Enterprise architectures for cloud
computing. In 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing (pp. 979-980).
IEEE.
Desfray, P. and Raymond, G., 2014. Modeling enterprise architecture with TOGAF: A
practical guide using UML and BPMN. Morgan Kaufmann.
Hinkelmann, K., Gerber, A., Karagiannis, D., Thoenssen, B., Van der Merwe, A. and
Woitsch, R., 2016. A new paradigm for the continuous alignment of business and IT:
Combining enterprise architecture modelling and enterprise ontology. Computers in
Industry, 79, pp.77-86.
Iacob, M.E., Meertens, L.O., Jonkers, H., Quartel, D.A., Nieuwenhuis, L.J. and Van
Sinderen, M.J., 2014. From enterprise architecture to business models and back. Software &
Systems Modeling, 13(3), pp.1059-1083.
Josey, A., 2016. TOGAF® Version 9.1-A Pocket Guide. Van Haren.
Kb.osu.edu. (2019). [online] Available at:
https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/75415/ISJLP_V10N3_827.pdf?sequence=1
[Accessed 7 Sep. 2019].
Lapalme, J., Gerber, A., Van der Merwe, A., Zachman, J., De Vries, M. and Hinkelmann, K.,
2016. Exploring the future of enterprise architecture: A Zachman perspective. Computers in
Industry, 79, pp.103-113.
Proper, H. and Lankhorst, M.M., 2014. Enterprise architecture-towards essential
sensemaking. Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ), 9(1),
pp.5-21.

12
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Zarvić, N. and Wieringa, R., 2014. An integrated enterprise architecture framework for
business-IT alignment. Designing Enterprise Architecture Frameworks: Integrating Business
Processes with IT Infrastructure, 63(9).
Zarvić, N. and Wieringa, R., 2014. An integrated enterprise architecture framework for
business-IT alignment. Designing Enterprise Architecture Frameworks: Integrating Business
Processes with IT Infrastructure, 63(9).