Enterprise Risk Management: A Comprehensive Analysis

This assignment provides a detailed examination of enterprise risk management (ERM), including its definition, benefits, and best practices. It explores ERM models, such as Balanced Scorecards, and their application in real-world scenarios. The assignment also touches on the importance of ERM in various industries, including finance, healthcare, and public health programs. With a focus on understanding the complexities of ERM, this assignment is ideal for students and professionals looking to deepen their knowledge in risk management.

ENTERPRISE RISK
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................2
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Organisation introduction......................................................................................................1
1.2 Aim of organisation...............................................................................................................1
2. RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES........................................................................................3
3.0 RISK REGISTER......................................................................................................................5
4.0 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

1. INTRODUCTION
Enterprises risk management is the business strategy that aids in identifying issues and
assessing hazards (Olson and Wu, 2015). It is systematic process that helps entities in planning,
organising, controlling over business activities in order to minimise risk of firms. Present study is
based on Easyjet, it is low cost airline that offers law fares travel facilities to travellers and
provide them friendly services. Present study will evaluate threats and opportunities of Easyjet.
Furthermore, it will describe mitigation actions that may help business in dealing with such
uncertainties.
1.1 Organisation introduction
EasyJet Airline Company Limited is one of the largest British low-cost carrier that has
been established in London. Organisation is been engaged in hiring more than 11,000 employees
and also operates its business in various countries and regions. They have over 200 air crafts.
This service industry has their own distribution system and company is fully controlled by one
owner. EasyJet is also been marked in the London stock exchange and they have more than 65
base in Europe itself (Lam, 2014). They are engaged in providing their services on more than
830 routes and over 30 countries and region. In 2014 it was analysed that the airline service has
carried more than 65 million passengers.
Company is also engaged in making strategies for their business. The business model of
the airline industry includes that they schedule their air-craft on timely basis. Industry is also
involved in charging for extra like food, baggage holding, priority boarding and many more. This
has helped EasyJet in increasing their revenue and profitability. In the year 2017 the annual
revenue of airline firm has been marked at £5,047 million. Organisation is also involved in using
unique marketing strategies like they urge their passengers to cut out the travel agents. Market
research presents that Easyjet is engaged in serving more than 137 destinations (Grace and et.al.,
2015). They are the largest operators of Airbus A319 worldwide. Company is one of the most
trusted and used air-craft organisation around the globe. They also have one sister concern
known as easyJet Europe.
1.2 Aim of organisation
EasyJet is the most biggest airline industry that has been established in London, United
Kingdom(Franklin Amartey and Kamal, 2018). Company is also engaged in laying keen
1

emphasis on increasing its growth. As EasyJet airline company limited is most popular and
powerful trademark, the organisations main objective or goal is to provide unique and different
services to passengers on timely basis. Industry also have a mission to achieve customer
satisfaction that can enhance their decision making process (Gatzert and Martin, 2015). There
vision is to increase their revenue and profit in advancing years. The mission statement of
EasyJet consists of the following:
 To enhance decision making process.
 To provide services on timely basis.
 To create services that brings value to the passengers.
 To increase operational efficiency of business.
In order to achieve these missions' statement airline industry has been engaged in making
different market strategies and establishing effective communication with their clients. To
increase efficiency firm is involved in promoting their services through various online channels.
Company in order to achieve these missions has also made vision statement (Falkner and Hiebl,
2015).
It can include the following:
People: EasyJet is engaged in hiring qualified and educated employees to enhance
efficiency of business. They provide safe working condition to human resource of organisation.
Portfolio: Airline industry is involved in giving quality and timely services to their
passengers (Franklin Amartey and Kamal, 2018).
Partners: They have build a relationship of trust with their investors, shareholders and
passengers.
Planet: EasyJet airline limited company is working on developing of environmental
sustainability for the region (Olson and Wu, 2017).
Profit: Company is going to maximise profit by effectively utilising resources.
Productivity: Increasing productivity by providing employees with proper training and
learning related to job
2

Risk Thresholds
Risk Threshold is basically the ability of the firm to accept or bear risk. EasyJet is
capable enough to tolerate and measure amount of risk. Uncertainties can impact the working of
an organisation both positively and negatively. Company has been engaged preparing strategies
to manage risk related to the competitors (Arnold and et.al., 2014). They have the ability to
tolerate the risk. Firm is engaged in doing market analysis in order to forecast and identify risk.
Keen evaluation related to competitors is also done by them. Risk threshold is basically related to
risk tolerance. EasyJet Airline company limited is involved in determining the needs and
demands of passengers so that they can avoid risk and gain competitive advantage. For example
10,000 USD cost over run is acceptable by firm. For this they are engaged in optimum utilization
of resources (Olson and Wu, 2017). They have hired qualified and educated staff in order to
overcome the risk factor. Firm is also involved in giving high quality products and services so as
to avoid risk. This can help them in increasing efficiency and gaining competitive advantage.
Also, mitigating risk can help in gaining stability to the organisation. Company can influence
their efficiency by engaging assessing risk factors (Williams, 2018).
2. RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Uncertainties can take place any time in business, it is essential for firms that to make
appropriate plan to deal with these issues. Risk management is the management process that
assists companies in measuring potential threats and identifying its impact on business unit.
Inadequate risk management strategies create consequences for organisation, in such condition
entity may get failed to sustain in market for longer duration. It is responsibility of manager that
to prepare effective plan in order to access constrains and mitigating with these uncertainties
(Cameron, 2017).
Airline industry is the fastest growing sector that has significant contribution in economic
development of nation. This industry has to follow regulations and legislation that have been
made by government. If firms get failed to follow these laws effectively then it might create
issue and enterprises will not be able to sustain in market for longer duration (Harvey, 2015).
3

Easyjet operates in the same industry that is popular worldwide for its low-cost fare and
friendly services for customers. Entity is facing many risks such as operational risk that occur
due to involvement of unskilled people, poor process of operations etc. One of the other major
threat is strategic risk that can lay impact on the reputation of brand of the company to great
extent (Wu and Olson, 2015). According to analysis Easyjet is facing issues of competition from
low cost airlines, increase oil prices, brand reputation etc.
There also exists numerous opportunities as well for Easyjet such as corporate social
responsibility (CSR), product diversification etc. Mission of entity is to make travel easy for all
people and make it more affordable (Franklin Amartey and Kamal, 2018). Entity has made
responsive strategies that supports in managing its operations well and meeting with
organisational goal. In order to overcome operational risk, Easyjet takes support of robust risk
framework that assists business to arouse all threats and manage operational activities
significantly. Furthermore, Easyjet also takes support of cross-functional approach that aids in
managing dangers (Lu, 2015).
Easyjet has been involved in recruiting experienced people in company those who have
adequate knowledge about field and can deal with consumers significantly. These experience
employees have potential to evaluate risk of business and find out opportunities in external
market. Easyjet is also engaged in audit committee for looking upon existing risk management
process of firm and ensuring whether company is able to manage its threats properly or not
(Hillson, 2017). This supports organisation in improving operational efficiency and meeting with
the actual objective of business. Furthermore, entity also ensures to increase value for its
stakeholders. Risk management process of Easyjet is illustrated as below:
Risk management process includes the following (Franklin Amartey and Kamal, 2018)
Step 1 Company conducts regular risk assessment programs in market, this aids in identifying
potential dangers to business unit (Malighetti, Paleari and Redondi, 2015. Its risk department
assess the effectiveness of existing risk management strategies. This is beneficial in identifying
whether existing plan is worthwhile or need some modifications (Gao, Lu and Cui, 2015).
Step 2 After conducting risk assessment, Easyjet develop relationship between operational risk
and management actions (Wakefield, 2014).
Step 3 Risk audit committee review the all threats and describe the issues in from the higher
authorities.
4

Step 4 Material changes report is prepared and updated mitigating actions are submitted to audit
committee for further review
3.0 RISK REGISTER
Risk register is the master document that is prepared by managers at the initial phase of
project. That assists to track all constrains and designing action plan to address these problems.
It is recorded information of all threats; by preparing this register, entity gets to know impact of
these dangers on business unit and its key stakeholders (Arnold and et.al., 2014). Manager of
Easyjet is responsible for giving rank to all constrains. Each risk has different level of impact on
the firm (Zéghal and El Aoun, 2016). It is essential for company to assess all risks so that level
of impact of each danger can be measured. This is beneficial for the higher authorities in order
to pay more attention over such issues that have high impact on business unit. By this way they
can take immediate action to resolve these dangers and improve operational performance of
company in competitive market (Culasso and et.al., 2016).
Scoring approach is effective method to measure level of risk and its impact on
organisation. In this technique, higher authorities give score to each constrain from 1 to 5. This
scoring helps in determining the level of impact low/ medium/ high. In the recent time most of
the firms are taking support of risk matrix approach. It is most significant and effective tool that
helps in identifying likelihood and impact of each threats. By this risk manager can make
necessary strategies in order to address the problems (SAYILIR and FARHAN, 2016).
Table 1: Risk rating
(Source: Enterprise Risk Management, 2018)
Rating Likelihood Impact
1 Very likely Terrible
2 Likely Sever
3 Unlikely Medium
4 Very unlikely Negligible
EasyJet takes support of risk matrix approach, this assist the firm to give rank to each risk and
define their likelihood, impact. Later on manager of Easyjet take mitigation action on the bases
5

of their likelihood and impact on business (Risk Management Process, 2018). Risk prioritisation
is most essential part of risk assessment. Easyjet implements below maintained method to
prioritise constrains:
Table 2: risk response
(Source: Enterprise Risk Management, 2018)
Rating Mitigation action Highlight
From 0 to 9 There is no requirement to take
immediate action because level
of impact is very low
(Malighetti, Paleari and
Redondi, 2015).
From 11 to 14 Easyjet makes minor changes
for mitigating these risk
From 15 to 25 Immediate major changes are
required for the constrains that
fall in this category
Identifying threats and opportunities
EasyJet can engaged in evaluating and analysing the various threats and opportunities in order to
gain competitive advantage. Identifying opportunities includes the following:
Increasing demand among passengers by delivering high quality service: This
opportunity can be grab by EasyJet airline limited company by providing services according to
the needs and demand of customer(Malighetti, Paleari and Redondi, 2015). For increasing
demand easyJet has taken various action plans like arranging special wash-rooms for passenger.
This can help in increasing the quality of goods and service given by organisation. EasyJet can
involve in hiring educated and well qualified employee so that they can serve to the passengers
quiet efficiently when they are boarding. Enhancing quality of service can help EasyJet in
6

gaining competitive advantage. EsayJet has been engaged in improving on boarding services.
This can attract more number of passengers towards their industry (Cai, Ni and Cai, 2015).
Satisfying customers with wide variety of choices: EasyJet can engaged in gaining
customer satisfaction by offering them variety of choices during their journey. This can act as an
opportunity for the airline industry. They can engage in giving passengers with special facilities
like wash-room, food, music inside the flight. Also, making them reach to the destination on
timely basis can help firm in creating customer loyalty. These facilities provided by EasyJet
airline limited company can assist them in enhancing the quality of service. Also, it can allow
firm in increasing their operational efficiency. EasyJet has also the capabilities to take the risk.
So they can easily involve in providing these extra facilities to their passengers.
Creating high brand equity: EasyJet airline company limited can be involved in
creating high brand equity. This can be enhanced by providing passengers with quality services.
Firm can also establish high brand equity by laying focus on their promotion and marketing
aspects. Industry can get engaged in promoting their services through online websites like for
example they can create blog and articles for their company(Malighetti, Paleari and Redondi,
2015). For creating high equity EasyJet has undertaken services like arranging special wash-
room for passengers. This can help them in making passengers aware about the services provided
by firm. Also, EasyJet airline company limited can involve in promoting their services through
various social media channels. It can assist firm in creating a trade mark for them. They would
be able to reach more customers and this can also create brand loyalty. Firm can engage in
providing training and learning to their so that there efficiency will increase. This can help
company in raising their productivity. All these aspects can assist company in establishing high
brand equity. It can act as an opportunity for EasyJet (Williams, 2018).
Threats that can be faced by EasyJet
EasyJet airline company limited can face various threats while performing and expanding
their business. Threats can include the following:
Climatic condition: EasyJet airline firm is surrounded by one of the major threat that is
change in climatic condition. As they are engaged in providing airline services analysing climate
is most important. Change in climate like thunderstorm, hurricane, continuous rain can severely
affect their business. Company must be engaged in analysing these drastic climatic al changes
7

and make strategies according to it (Malighetti, Paleari and Redondi, 2015). If this is not been
addressed by firm than it can act as a severe threat to the firm. Climatic change can also impact
future transaction of the firm. It can reduce the operational efficiency of performing business of
easyJet airline company.
Unfavourable political condition: This can also produce threat to easyJet airline
company. If they are going to expand their market share than they must have keen knowledge
and understanding about the political environment of that region. For example rise in taxes can
on airline services can reduce the demand of passengers to travel through air. This can hamper
the growth of company and also profitability can be reduced Firm should be engaged in
analysing these conditions as it can help them in gaining competitive advantage. Also, EasyJet
airline limited company should be involved in following the rules and regulation given by
government in order to establish high brand equity (Wu and Olson, 2015). This can increase
operational efficiency of firm.
Technological changes- With digitalisation at the boom period, EasyJet can also get
surrounded with the threat related to technological changes. These alterations can act as a threat
to organisation. Company must be engaged in analysing the trend which are going in the
environment. They must make use of advancing technologies like social media marketing for
promoting the product. Also firm can analyse the techniques and methods used by their
competitors so as to gain competitive advantage (Lu, 2015).
8

Table 3: Risk management plan
(Source: RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS. 2018)
Risk
number
Description of risk Existing controls Likelihood
(1-5)
Impact
(1-5)
Risk
ranking
Mitigating Actions
1 High competition
It is the major risk
that is faced by airline
firms. There are many
big organisation such
as British Airways,
Jet Airways that have
strong financial
position and high
market share
(Malighetti, Paleari
and Redondi, 2015).
These companies are
offering luxurious
services to consumers
(Risk Management
Process, 2018).
Apart from this there
are many low-cost
airlines that are
In order to control
over the competitive
environment, Easyjet
always ensure to
conduct internal and
external analysis.
This helps the firm in
finding out its
position in external
market. By this way
it makes changes in
existing strategies
and improve
products quality.
That helps the firm
in attracting more
travellers and
gaining competitive
advantage.
3 3 9 In order to mitigate
this risk, Easyjet
should monitor the
market situation
closely and have to
make changes in
strategies as per the
need of consumers. It
has to develop strong
relationship with
travellers and have to
improve its customer
service facilities.
9

working well in
market and offering
amazing discounts to
traveller. This has
increased huge
competition for
Easyjet, that creates
risk for business and
entity gets failed to
retain staff in firm for
longer duration.
2 Staff turnover or
lack of skilled
employees
It is another risk for
business that is
included in
operational risk. This
may create difficulty
for the company in
order to offer
satisfactory services
to consumers and
retaining them in firm
for longer duration.
This may affect its
profitability to great
extent (EasyJet
accused of putting
passengers and crew
In order to control
over this constrain
Easyjet always
recruits experienced
people and give
them rewards and
recognition..This
assists in improving
operational
efficiency and
minimising
operational risk of
business (Arnold and
et.al., 2014).
3 4 12 Easyjet should takes
continuous feedback
from employees and
have to create healthy
workplace
environment where
people like to work.
It has to build strong
relationship with staff
members so that they
contribute well
achieving goal of
organisation.
10

at risk by scheduling
too many flights,
2017).
3 Government
legislation related to
airline industry and
their policies
It is very important
for Easyjet that to
follow laws of each
country in which it
operates carefully.
Each nation has its
own policies and own
trade norms. Easyjet
is operating in approx
30 countries. It covers
132 destinations. It is
obliged to follow
policies and
legislation of each
region. If firm fails to
follow these
regulations then it
may suffer from huge
financial penalties.
By this way overall
brand image of
company may get
spoiled (EasyJet fined
by Paris court, 2012).
It is very difficult for
business to manage
operations by
following diverse
regulations and
constitutions. It is
very important for
Easyjet that to
participate in
political avenues. In
order to control over
this issue entity
always emphases on
norms of each
country and actively
participate in
corporate affairs.
Easyjet also
appointed review
committee. Members
of this committee is
responsible for
reviewing risk and
giving necessary
suggestion to the
firm in order to
manage operations
legally and ethically.
4 4 16 In order to resolve
legal issues Easyjet
should gathers
adequate information
about market and the
legal practices of
particular region. It
has to ensure political
goal before
establishing its
business in any
country.
Easyjet should hire
the experience person
that has adequate
knowledge of laws
and external
regulations. This will
help in designing
operational practices
as per the country’s
norms.
Furthermore, Easyjet
should organise
training programs for
the staff members and
have to make them
11

Before four years
Easyjet was fined for
breaching French
working law. It has
paid penalty of
€1.65mfor hiring staff
of French on British
contracts. For
breaking this law
company was order to
pay compensation for
mistake to Pole
Emploi job agency.
Easyjet also fined by
Paris court for
charging extra
amount from
passengers. Court has
ordered to pay
€30000 with interest
for illegal actions.
Each organisation is
bound to charge from
consumers as per the
set norms they cannot
charge additional
from them. If it
happens then these
companies have to
bear financial
aware with country’s
and company’s laws.
This will help in
making people aware
with work safety, and
other standards. This
would create ethical
workplace
environment and all
the staff members
will conduct
operations within
legal boundaries.
In addition, Easyjet
should monitor
existing controlling
system and have to
control over business
activities. This will
help in mitigating
with risk and raising
effectiveness of
operations in each
region.
12

penalties.
4 Changes in value
of currency
Easyjet is the
global brand that
operates in approx
30 countries. It has
to deal with many
country’s
currencies. If
region is facing
inflation or
deflation then in
such condition
entity may face
difficulty in
attracting people
towards the brand
(Franklin Amartey
and Kamal, 2018).
Profit of business
have been
decreased by
17%after the Brexit
vote in UK. After
Brexit, UK has
become the
separate region and
all previous trade
agreements have
been dissolved. In
In order to control
over this situation
company has taken
support of
differentiated
pricing strategy.
In this strategy
entity has set
different prices for
each nation. This
has helped firm
sustaining into
market for longer
duration.
5 4 20 Easyjet has to
avoid this risk
completely and for
that it has to
include hedging
activities, this will
support firm in
minimising gap
between expenses
and revenues cased
by fluctuations in
value of currency.
13

such condition
employment rate
has been decreased
and that has created
inflation situation
in the nation. Now
value of currency
have been
decreased that have
resulted in falling
revenues of
Easyjet.
4.0 CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that Easyjet always works for creating value for
its consumers. It aims to provide high quality services to travellers at affordable rates. This wants
to gain attention of mass audience but there are many risks that face by organisation. It is very
important for the entity to analysis these risk and prepare action plan so that it can address
problems significantly. Proactive strategies of Easyjet are very effective in order to control over
constrains and these strategies are highly aligned with the overall goal of company
But there are operational, economic, competitive, legal risk that may hinder success of
business unit badly. Easyjet has to follow rules and regulation of each country carefully in order
to run operations successfully. Otherwise it may get financial penalties that may also baldy affect
brand image of organisation. Report highlighted mitigation actions in order to minimising risks:
 Active participation in trade association
 Recruiting experienced people and motivating them
 Product diversification and improve customer service
By implementing these strategies, Easyjet would be able to gain more opportunities in
market. This would help the firm in conducting operations smoothly and developing its brand
image in airline industry.
14

15

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arnold, V. and et.al., 2014. Enterprise risk management: Re-conceptualizing the role of risk and
trust on information sharing in transnational alliances. Journal of Information Systems,.
28(2). pp.257-285.
Cai, D. F., Ni, N. N. and Cai, J., 2015. Big Enterprise Tax Risk Management: Warning,
Simulation and Application. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology.
8(4). pp.135-146.
Cameron, C., 2017. The strategic and legal risks of work-integrated learning: An enterprise risk
management perspective.
Cattaneo, M. and et.al., 2016. Quantity price discrimination in the air transport industry: The
easyJet case. Journal of Air Transport Management.54. pp.1-8.
Culasso, F. and et.al., 2016. Management accounting and enterprise risk management. A
potential integration as a new change in managerial systems. GLOBAL BUSINESS &
ECONOMICS REVIEW. 18(3-4). pp.344-370.
Falkner, E. M. and Hiebl, M. R., 2015. Risk management in SMEs: a systematic review of
available evidence. The Journal of Risk Finance. 16(2). pp.12
Franklin Amartey, C. P. A. and Kamal, R., 2018. ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT,
FINANCIAL REPORTING OUTCOMES, AND AUDITOR BEHAVIOR.
Gao, X., Lu, D. and Cui, Y., 2015, May. Enterprise legal risk management implementation in
China—a case study. In Emerging Economies, Risk and Development, and Intelligent
Technology: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis
Response, June 1-3, 2015, Tangier, Morocco (p. 51). CRC Press.
Gatzert, N. and Martin, M., 2015. Determinants and value of enterprise risk management:
empirical evidence from the literature. Risk Management and Insurance Review. 18(1).
pp.29-53.
Grace, M. F. and et.al., 2015. The value of investing in enterprise risk management. Journal of
Risk and Insurance. 82(2). pp.289-316.
Harvey, G., 2015. ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT: AN UPDATE. Petroleum Accounting
and Financial Management Journal. 34(3). pp.10.
Hillson, D., 2017. Managing risk in projects. Routledge.
16

Lam, J., 2014. Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley & Sons.
Lu, S. Q., 2015. Factors Affecting Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Adoption Among
Manufacturing Firms in Suzhou, China (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Sains Malaysia).
Malighetti, P., Paleari, S. and Redondi, R., 2015. EasyJet pricing strategy: determinants and
developments. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science.11(8).pp.686-701.
Olson, D. L. and Wu, D. D., 2015. Enterprise risk management (Vol. 3). World Scientific
Publishing Company.
Olson, D. L. and Wu, D. D., 2017. Balanced Scorecards to Measure Enterprise Risk
Performance. In Enterprise Risk Management Models (pp. 133-144). Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg.
SAYILIR, Ö. and FARHAN, M., 2016. Enterprise Risk Management and Its Effect on Firm
Value in Turkey. Journal of Management Research. 9(1). pp.86-99.
Wakefield, A., 2014. Corporate security and enterprise risk management. In Corporate Security
in the 21st Century (pp. 235-253). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Williams, C., 2018. Establishing an Effective Enterprise Risk Management in Public Health
Programs: A Case Study in Public Healthcare Program Fraud (Doctoral dissertation, Utica
College).
Wu, D. D. and Olson, D. L., 2015. Confucius Three-stage Learning of Risk Management. In
Enterprise Risk Management in Finance (pp. 215-220). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Zéghal, D. and El Aoun, M., 2016. Enterprise Risk Management in the US Banking Sector
Following the Financial Crisis. Modern Economy. 7(04). pp.494.
Online
EasyJet accused of putting passengers and crew at risk by scheduling too many flights. 2017.
[Online]. Available through< https://www.express.co.uk/travel/articles/841601/easyjet-
french-pilots-safety>
EasyJet fined by Paris court. 2012.[Online]. Available through <
https://www.ft.com/content/1564f2ba-4c31-11e1-bd09-00144feabdc0 >
Enterprise Risk Management. 2018. [Online]. Available through < https://www.ucop.edu/enterprise-
risk-management/tools-templates/risk-assessment-toolbox-content/risk-ranking-tool.html >
Risk Management Process. 2018. [Online]. Available through < https://pm4id.org/chapter/11-2-
risk-management-process/ >
17

RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS. 2018. [Online]. Available through <
HTTPS://PM4ID.ORG/CHAPTER/11-2-RISK-MANAGEMENT-PROCESS/ >
18