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Epidemiology Assignment | Analytical Epidemiology

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Added on  2020-05-16

Epidemiology Assignment | Analytical Epidemiology

   Added on 2020-05-16

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Question TwoAnalytical studies are essential in providing evaluation of causality of an association which is capable of estimating the magnitude of the risk involved. Cases under study are assessed on the disease state and the exposure which they are involved. Analytical studies fall under two categories of being either longitudinal or cross sectional studies. Cross sectional entails exposure and the disease relating to the same period in time. Longitudinal on the other hand can either be cohort or case control. Cohort entails identification of individuals with exposure of interest and section of population which is not exposed. In case control studies, cases are located and disease patterns are studied for comparing with the control group. Further cohort studies can either be retrospective or prospective, or at times other studies uses both approaches. Two or more groups are studied strictly for diseases association according to their exposure status, their incidence or mortality traits. Rates of the disease thus can be studies; however large number of participants must be studies especially when it comes to environmental exposures. While in case control studies, the cases or persons of interest and persons not having the disease are sampled from the general population. Exposures among cases are often made into comparison among those without the diseases. Often multiple exposures are assessed and small number of cases is needed to conclude a precise estimate of risks associated with the environmental risks involved. When retrospective studies are conducted.Thus in the question raised above, a longitudinal study was
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conducted among the two groups. Further the study utilised a retrospective study, where the two groups ; exposed and non exposed were compared over the same period of time, to determine the incidence cases of cancer. Thus a retrospective cohort study was used mainly for these two reasons; the two groups under consideration and the lengthy latent period under review. Question Threea.Experimental studies are epidemiological in nature and often include clinical trials and population based studies. The nature of these studies takes into consideration of the varying exposure characteristics. Inthis case comparable individuals are assigned randomly to treatment and intervention group and observed over a specified period of time for any suspected health outcome of interest. While conducting these studies ethical concerns must be keenly followed. Further observational studies can be conducted to assess risks associated with diseases. These are based on the supportive evidence presented. In this study in the question, an observation study was conducted theassociation of whether having hepatitis C virus influences the risk of B-cellnonHodgkin lymphomas- BNHL. However the most feasible study design appropriate for this study is clinical experimental study. The reason to support this is that, other factors not necessarily having hepatitis C virus affects of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma disease. Further the time frame for the exposure and other confounding factors need to be measured in clinical trial and compared to an intervention group to prove causality.
Epidemiology Assignment | Analytical Epidemiology_2

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