Epidemiology: Principles and Practices

Running Head: EPIDEMIOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Epidemiology: Principles and Practices
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1Epidemiology: Principles and Practices
A. Question 1-
a. 19
 Age specific incidence rates of prostate cancer in city A-
Incidence rate- count
total population *100,000
0-44 years = 50/500,000* 100,000=10
45- 65 years = 250/75,000*100,000= 333.33
65+ = 350/25,000*100,000=100,000.014
Crude rate=
650/600,000*100,000= 108.33
 Age specific incidence rate of prostate cancer in city B-
Incidence rate- - count
total population *100,000
0-44 years = 80/1,500,000*100,000= 5.33
45- 65 years = 1000/600,000*100,000= 166.66
65+ =2500/400,000*100,000=625
Crude rate=
3580/2,500,000*100,000= 143.2
The age specific incidence rate of prostate cancer in age group 0-44 years and
45-64 years is more in cities A as compared to city B, whereas, the incidence rate of
prostate cancer in old age people of 65 years and above is more in city B as compared
to city A.
The crude incidence rate of prostate cancer in males of city B is more as
compared to the incidence rate of prostate cancer in males of city A.

2Epidemiology: Principles and Practices
b. The crude incidence rate of prostate cancer of age group 0-44 years in city A is
more than as compared city B, which might be due to the poor eating habits and
family history of prostate cancer. However, in both the cities (city A and city B),
the risk of prostate cancer is less in age group 0-44 years as compared to other age
groups, which is valid. Incidence rate of prostate cancer in people of age 45- 64
years are more in city A as compared to city B, but the incidence rate in both the
cities is less than that of the old age group and more than that of adult age group.
The risk of prostate cancer increase with the age, which is analysed from the data.
The people belonging to age group 65 years and are the most effected population.
c. Standardised incidence rate of prostate cancer in city A
0-44 years= 50/74,000*100,000=67.57
45-64 years= 250/19,000*100,000=1315.79
65+ above= 350/7,000*100,000=5000
Standardised incidence rate of prostate cancer in city B
0-44 years= 80/74,000*100,000= 108.1
45-64 years= 1000/19,000*100,000= 5263.16
65+ above= 2500/7,000*100,000= 35,714.29
The incidence crude rate is less than that of the standardised rate of incidence.
d. The crude incidence rate of prostate cancer of age group 0- 44 years in city A is
more than as compared city B, hence it can be said that the children and adult
males of city B have high risk of prostate cancer. The reason behind this can be the
unhealthy eating habits in males of city A. The family history of prostate cancer
can also be one of the cause (Wu et al, 2016). The risk of prostate cancer increases
with age hence, the incidence rate of prostate cancer in old adults (45- 64 years)