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Essay on Social and Cognitive Development

   

Added on  2020-04-07

6 Pages1542 Words67 Views
1Running head: NURSINGNursing Name of student:Name of university:Author note:

2NURSINGLife transitions are their related human relationships have always been under focus fornursing research. The reason is that there is a wide scope for finding new methods by whichnurses can integrate elements of human relationships in their care delivery (Feldman, 2016).As highlighted by the authors, each stage of life span is to be analysed on the basis of its setof milestones to come up with appropriate care delivery. The different theories of humandevelopment are crucial in this regard. The essay written in here discusses the social andcognitive developmental milestones of the three-year-old child Jack who is enrolled in daycare unit for twice a week for five hours. The works of theorists Jean Piaget and Erik Eriksonare the basis of this essay. The importance of understanding life stages for a nurse is alsohighlighted in the paper. The first theory of human development that is considered in this discussion is thetheory of cognitive development that had been put forward by the famous psychologist JeanPiaget. Through this theory, Piaget aimed at analysing the development of human intelligence(Jehan & Butt, 2015). The theory, also known as development stage theory goes on to explainhow humans develop their knowledge and apply them for the carrying out regular activities.Kail (2015) highlight that a child of three years falls under Preoperational Stage that revolvesaround children of age between two and seven years. In this stage, a child is starting todevelop cognitive skills and language skills develop properly at this stage only. A child isseen to demonstrate the ability to speak in complete sentences, thereby expressing hisfeelings and thoughts to a better degree. Language development is perhaps the most distinctfeature of this stage. At this conject of life span, a chid is capable of symbolising things asthey tend to be more mature. The authors further highlight that a child who is more than twoyears old can create an identity for himself and engage in a make-belief action. Caution is tobe taken while dealign with the child and helping him to understand the differences between

3NURSINGhis caregiver and those who are not as a chid might become egocentric and not responddesirably to all individuals. Concerning the present case study, the concern that comes into the light is that Jackhas not been able to achieve adequate language development as per the milestone mentionedin the Preoperational Stage. This is evident from the fact that Jack speaks in sentences thathave two to three words and no longer than that. He is also found to be babbling most of thetime, indicating that he wants to express himself but is not able to do so due to certainconstraints. The other factor that might be related to babbling is growing egocentric nature.The child might be suffering from feelings of rejection and loneliness, in the absence of hismother, Vanessa. The second theory of human development that is considered in this discussion is thetheory of social development that had been put forward by the famous psychologist ErikErikson. As per this theory, the lifespan of an individual is divided into eight stages, of whichthe stage involving children aged between two and four years is concerned about the highcalibre of will. At this stage, the power to socialise is strong, and an enhanced sense ofimagination puts the child in a position to understand and perceive the surroundingenvironment. A child’s social and emotional development includes an emerging awareness ofself and others (Shapiro & Margolin, 2014). As opined by Sigelman and Rider (2014) a childat this age is capable of controlling his eliminative function and other similar motor abilities.The only criteria for this development is a strong care support from parents, especiallymother. In the continual presence of the mother, children gain their own autonomy. Learningis continual if support is also continual and not hampered by physical separation. A childwould be ready to explore the world if there is a foundation of encouragement from themother since a child perceives the mother to be the prime source of care.

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