Ethical Reasoning: Autonomy, Justice, Perception, and Framing
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This article discusses the principles of autonomy and justice, perception, and framing in ethical reasoning. It also includes personal experiences and examples.
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Running head: ETHICAL REASONING ETHICAL REASONING Name of the Student: Name of the University: Author note:
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1ETHICAL REASONING Answer 1 The term ‘Autonomy’in thePrinciple of Autonomyis regarded asan individualistic ruleof the self which is independent fromboth regulating interferences by the others as well as from the domains of personal constraintswhich tend to prevent comprehensive as well as significant preferences. It has further been observed that autonomous individuals tend to act in a planned and determined manner with comprehensive understanding and devoid of any controlling forms of influences (Mikesell, Bromley & Khodyakov, 2013). This concept further implies that individual in certain areas of their lives must exhibit proper competenceandright of developing a self-governing characteristic within himself. For instance, in the recent past I have proficiently promoted learning autonomy and independence at every vital stage of out learning in college. Being proficiently acknowledging self-rule I have fundamentally connoted the understanding of autonomous action and freedom to choose the areas of subject where we exhibit greater degree of inclination. ThePrinciple of Justicefundamentallyacknowledges the idea that equals in the society must be treated in justifiable mannerunless there can be witnessed any relevant justification to treat any individual in a prejudiced way (Jacob, Decker & Lugg, 2016). Theidea of justice however, underlies certain areas of concern related to social welfare. For example, being involved in academics I have often been actively participative in spreading knowledge which aimstoempowerotherindividualsinmysurroundingwhetheritisthroughverbal communication of through social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Answer 2
2ETHICAL REASONING Perceptionis regarded as a process by whichindividuals connect to their surroundings. In generalized terms the meaning of perception is identified as a sense making procedure whereby individuals tend tointerpret their environmentin order to act responsive in an appropriate manner (Caputo, 2013). However asperception tends to depend on the current state of mind of theperceiver,roleandunderstanding,thustherecanbewitnessedcertainformsof misinterpretation in the subsequent process of communication. Perception of the other party in any negotiation process serves a significant role. However in order to successfully establish a negotiation an individual needs to develop the comprehensive understanding of the background of the other party in relation to factors related to ethnicity, cultural aspects, gender and the style or behavior patterns in which they tend to perceive the world (Chambers & De Dreu, 2014). An instance of this process can be related to an experience which I have encountered whereby I have developed a wrong perception about one of my classmates and his way of perceiving things which has further led me to involve in a conflicting situation. Answer 3 The termframeusually is referred to the way individuals tend to perceive as well as comprehendthecharacteristicsoftheirsurroundings.Framingthusisconsideredtobe unavoidable as most of the individuals tend to interpret characteristics of the worldspecifically surroundings and tend to emphasize on knowledge which is available to them (Chambers & De Dreu, 2014). Thus, framing is regarded as a critical factor of any forms of negotiations or conflicting situations.
3ETHICAL REASONING Furthermore aspects offramingis significantly recognized as conceptualizations of issues or as variety of which tend to aid the way through which these experiencesare being comprehended. However, innegotiation or conflicting research, two vital approaches to framing have been identified which claim to be pre-dominant and significant (Greer & Bendersky, 2013). The first approach develops from acognitive heuristicsstand point whereby it applies the frame construct to interpret the gaps of rationality which disputants tend to create in any negotiation process (Caputo, 2013). However the second approachpurposes to interpret behavioral patterns ofnegotiationsinitiallybycategorizingframeswhichareexposedthroughnegotiator communication and further determining the way utilization of specific frame types tend to influence the conflicts or negotiation process and its consequences.
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4ETHICAL REASONING References Caputo, A. (2013). A literature review of cognitive biases in negotiation processes.International Journal of Conflict Management,24(4), 374-398. Chambers, J. R., & De Dreu, C. K. (2014). Egocentrism drives misunderstanding in conflict and negotiation.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,51, 15-26. Greer, L., & Bendersky, C. (2013). Power and status in conflict and negotiation research: Introduction to the special issue.Negotiation and conflict management research,6(4), 239-252. Jacob, S., Decker, D. M., & Lugg, E. T. (2016).Ethics and law for school psychologists. John Wiley & Sons. Mikesell, L., Bromley, E., & Khodyakov, D. (2013). Ethical community-engaged research: a literature review.American journal of public health,103(12), e7-e14.