Evidence Based Nursing Research Assignment PDF

Running head: EVIDENCE BASED NURSING RESEARCH
EVIDENCE BASED NURSING RESEARCH
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Communication is a process through which, meaningful conversations take place, using
which healthcare professionals are able to understand the patient concerns, Using an effective
communication, meaningful messages are generated by one person and received by another
person that creates a circle of conversation (O'Toole, 2016). This process is mainly utilized by
healthcare counsellors so that different stable and unstable mental conditions of the patients can
be easily accessed through effective communication technique. Patient counselling is a broader
aspect in which concepts like healthcare professionals care, knowledge of their concern and their
ability to share these with unknown but relatable healthcare professionals included (Silverman,
Kurtz & Draper, 2016). There are different models for effective communication while
communicating with a patient suffering from mental, physical or social trauma, such as the
Shannon and Weaver model, Schramm model, constructionist model, linear, interactive,
transactional and communication cycle related models (Hargie, 2016). In this following essay, a
case study of a 65 year old patient Nicos will be discussed who is unable to keep himself active
after selling his farms. In the below sections a communication model will be chosen that can help
Nicos to overcome his depression with a critical reflection on the way this communication was
conducted. Further, barriers and the methods used to overcome the barrier will be discussed.
Finally a section will be included in which the other health professionals that will be included in
the care plan will be discussed with some ethical considerations of the communication process.
As a counsellor while communicating with Nicos, the interactive model of
communication was chosen. This is the most effective way of communication as during the
process, it makes the other person believe that their messages observed and listening with
complete concentration (Wouda & van de Wiel, 2013). Transmission and receiving of messages
or concerns are active and reaches to the listener effectively and hence, effective and proper

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action can be taken. While communicating with Nicos, I chose this communication model and
started interacting with his Nicos and Barbara. The primary thing which I noticed about Nicos
that he was not suffering from any social discrimination or family issues, but he felt isolated
because he was not being able to stay active and involved like he used to stay while working for
his farm (Olsson et al., 2012. Further, they were hesitant while seeing a counsellor as they were
afraid of the social comments they will be facing from their close relative or their children know
about Nicos’s misery (Wouda & van de Wiel, 2013). Hence, in this situation, the patient should
be informed about the effectiveness of this session and should assure that the counselling session
will make him feel better. To build rapport with the client, on interactive communication model
will help as it demands the counselors to stay calm and composed while carrying a conversation
with the client (Martin & Nakayama, 2013). Further, showing empathy and listen to all the
details the patient carefully as it can impact the patient positively. This is an important aspect as
building a positive rapport can help the counsellor to extract the inner thoughts of the client and
understand the extent up to which the patient is depressed and the way he can be improved from
that depression. The effective communication strategy under interactive model that could be used
to communicate with Nicos is observing, listening and asking question (Arnold & Boggs,
2015). This is the most effective strategy to communicate with Nicos as implementation of this
does not require any complex setting and it could be carried out anywhere. The implementation
of this strategy would require a calm place with Nicos and Barbara. Firstly, Nicos will be made
familiar with the process and will be conveyed the importance and effectiveness of the process,
after which he will be asked few questions related to his daily activity and his farm so that he can
relate to the discussion instantly and can connect to the counseling (Martin & Nakayama, 2013).
While listening to his concerns, I will be observing his body language so that I can figure out

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which action of his farming work or his social life is able to make him happy so that I can
include that in his intervention. Finally, I will ask some close ended and open ended questions so
that a deep knowledge of his misery and loneliness can be assessed. Throughout this process, his
wife Barbara will also be asked several questions as she observed the isolation and misery in her
husband primarily (Olsson et al., 2014).
Besides these success, there might be some barriers that can affect the success of the
effective communication driven counselling session of Nicos. The communication barrier is the
aspect due to which the counseling process can be compromised (O'Toole, 2016). These barriers
are cultural barriers, language related barriers, health literacy barriers and so on. It has been
observed through researches that people with poor literacy skills are unable to understand health
related interventions and implement that in their life. Due to this disparity in communication,
people generally misinterpret the communicated information and apply it wrongly in their
lifestyle. Thorne, Oliffe and Stajduhar (2013) also determined that language and cultural barriers
of effective communication is also linked to health literacy as the terms used in counseling or the
strategies to improve patients stressful condition is not being adapted by the patient. This barrier
remains unnoticed maximum times. The second barrier is the primary barrier while providing
care to a patient, which is cultural barrier Cultural disparities, may become a hindrance to
effective communication (Olsson et al., 2014). The cultural awareness of health, sickness, and
medical care of patients and families differ from one another as well as with that of the clinicians
or organization. In this scenario, Nicos might feel that as a counselor I am interrupting in his
personal thoughts and feelings and hence, may hesitate while sharing his personal thoughts and
believes (Parry, Land & Seymour, 2014). Thirdly, the language related barrier as Nicos belongs
to Greek Australian community and he might not be able to understand the language I speak,

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hence, language can also be a barrier to the communication process. Further, to overcome the
process, there are several skills that should be implemented in the counseling process for Nicos.
Such as, while treating the patient I will be taking care of his cultural and behavioral preferences
so that he can feel that his cultural understandings are being taken care of. Further, while
communicating I will try to use lucid and effective terms and concepts so that he can easily
interpret the meanings can respond to my close ended or open-ended questions (Bramhall, 2014).
Thirdly, to deal with health literacy related barriers I will be educating Nicos about each of his
health and mental states and will communicate his interventions in an easy way so that he and his
wife Barbara can implement that in Nicos’s daily activities (Parry, Land & Seymour, 2014).
While providing counseling care to Nicos, I have to maintain ethical consideration of
healthcare and should provide the four primary healthcare ethical rights to the patients such as
autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice so that in any situation, patient does not feel
that his personal rights and privacy is being tampered or interrupted by the service I am
providing him (McGillivray et al., 2012). Further, after assessing the mental condition of the
Nicos, I would refer him to a fitness expert and physiotherapist so that he can make Nicos busy. I
would also ask him to create a small rooftop farm or a small garden at his place and take care of
that so that he can make himself active and busy all the day. I will discuss the previous and
current physical activity of Nicos with the fitness expert and will ask him to add several physical
exercises for him, including weight lifting exercises’ so that he can feel the same physical strain
he used to feel while working in his farm (Geldard, Geldard & Foo, 2017). Moreover, while
discussing these patient details I will maintain the privacy related ethical consideration of the
patient. This is an important ethical consideration, as while counseling related conversation; the
patient will share his complete personal thoughts and details to me because of the rapport I will

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create with him. However, the fitness expert or the occupational therapist with whom, I will
discuss the state of Nicos does not require those information and sharing those details with them
will violate the ethical principles of patient security (McGillivray et al., 2012). Hence, while
discussing the details of Nicos I will take care of these ethical considerations.
While concluding the assignment, it should be mentioned that communication is an
effective tool for patient assessment and counselors as well as clinicians should possess effective
communication skills to understand the patient’s physical and mental condition. In the
assignment the discussion was related to the case of Nicos, who at the age of 65 feeling isolated
or miserable as his only source of activity, his farm has been sold. His wife Barbara asks me to
counsel him and while counseling Nicos, I critically discuss that entire situation in this
assignment. I chose an interactive communication method and strategy to communicate with
Nicos. Several barriers of the effective communication and the way to overcome them were
mentioned in this assignment. Further ethical considerations and the way those were protected
have been mentioned with the help of recent literatures.

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References
Arnold, E. C., & Boggs, K. U. (2015). Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional
Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Bramhall, E. (2014). Effective communication skills in nursing practice. Nursing Standard
(2014+), 29(14), 53.
Geldard, K., Geldard, D., & Foo, R. Y. (2017). Counselling children: A practical introduction.
Sage.
Hargie, O. (2016). Skilled interpersonal communication: Research, theory and practice.
Routledge.
Martin, J. N., & Nakayama, T. K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts. New York:
NY: McGraw-Hill.
McGillivray, G., Rosenfeld, J. A., McKinlay Gardner, R. J., & Gillam, L. H. (2012). Genetic
counselling and ethical issues with chromosome microarray analysis in prenatal
testing. Prenatal Diagnosis, 32(4), 389-395.
Olsson, E., Ingman, P., Ahmed, B., & Sporrong, S. K. (2014). Pharmacist–patient
communication in Swedish community pharmacies. Research in Social and
Administrative Pharmacy, 10(1), 149-155.
O'Toole, G. (2016). Communication-eBook: Core Interpersonal Skills for Health Professionals,
Ed. 3rd, pp. 123-145, Elsevier Health Sciences.

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Parry, R., Land, V., & Seymour, J. (2014). How to communicate with patients about future
illness progression and end of life: a systematic review. BMJ supportive & palliative
care, 4(4), 331-341.
Silverman, J., Kurtz, S., & Draper, J. (2016). Skills for communicating with patients. CRC Press.
Thorne, S., Oliffe, J. L., & Stajduhar, K. I. (2013). Communicating shared decision-making:
cancer patient perspectives. Patient Education and Counseling, 90(3), 291-296.
Wouda, J. C., & van de Wiel, H. B. (2013). Education in patient–physician communication: How
to improve effectiveness?. Patient education and counseling, 90(1), 46-53.