Fundamental of IT: TCP/IP overhead, Agile vs Evolutionary method, Apple design process, Project management

Running head: FUNDAMENTAL OF IT
FUNDAMENTAL OF IT
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FUNDAMENTAL OF IT
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Table of Contents
Question 1..................................................................................................................................2
Question 2..................................................................................................................................2
Question 3..................................................................................................................................3
Question 4..................................................................................................................................3
Question 5..................................................................................................................................4
Question 6..................................................................................................................................5
Question 7..................................................................................................................................6
References..................................................................................................................................7

FUNDAMENTAL OF IT
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Question 1
In the given question, the IP overhead of the IPv4 or IPv6 header is 20 bytes by default.
The file to be transferred is of size 1024 bytes.
The payload size as mentioned in the question is 128 bytes.
The TCP overhead cost of the IPv4 is around 20 bytes.
The TCP overhead cost of the IPv6 is around 40 bytes.
To calculate the total overhead cost, add the TCP + IP+ payload = 20+20+128= 168 bytes.
Total bytes that is sent after adding overhead is 1024 + 20 +20 = 1064 bytes.
1. a) Total Protocol overhead (TCP + IP + Payload) = 168/1024*100 = 16.4%
b) TCP/IP overhead cost = 20+20/1024*100= 40/1024*100= 3.9%
2. Protocol overhead for IPv6: 40+20/1024*100= 5.85%.
Question 2
The TCP protocol is a connection oriented protocol but it depends on the connection
less IP protocol for its functioning. The IP protocol is a network layer protocol. Its main
function is to transport packets between two different things devices connected to a network.
They use the IP address of the connected devices to identify them. The protocol does not
know which service or application would use the data that is being transmitted. The TCP
protocol on the other hand is a transport layer protocol. It is used to transport parts of data.
The data are segregated parts of message that is addressed to a specific application or service
and is represented by a port in the device. These segments of the data from the TCP protocol
can be hidden within the IP protocols packets and sent via the network using the underlying
physical and data link layers. This data is again retrieved from the packets by the connected
device.
These two protocols coexist in the same protocol stack as both their functionality is
depended on each other. This is due to the fact that the TCP unlike IP has memory that helps
the protocol in keeping track of the data it transfers. The TCP connects one port to another
port whereas the IP connects one host to another host. The TCP also performs many upper
layer functions. The IP is not aware of these functions or the controls done by the upper layer