This essay critically analyses the reason behind the gender pay gap and the social inequality that women faces in the work place and work culture. It also discusses about the theories regarding the sociology, work and organization and also inequality theories.
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Running head - GENDER PAY GAP Gender Pay Gap Name of the Student Name of the university Author’s Note
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1GENDER PAY GAP The essay introduces itself as a study that critically analyses the reason behind the gender pay gap and the social inequality that women faces in the work place and work culture. Since the dawn of organization, women have been considered as inferior when it comes to working. They have not been entitled to get any form of responsibilities in the work culture. In fact to be precise, they were not allowed to enter the corporation world (Gilman, C.P., 2018). Although after the long run, they have been granted the scope to work side by side with men, but are nit equally paid as them (Auspurg, Hinz and Sauer 2017). The following essay discusses about the biased system in the pay grade. The essay also discusses about the theories regarding the sociology, work and organization and also inequality theories. The gender pay gap, which is also termed as gender wage gap is classified as the differences between the average compensation among men and women that are serving the labor organization is all kind of industries. It is considered that women are paid less than men although they share the same amount of responsibilities (Hallward‐Driemeier, Rijkers and Waxman 2017). The gap in the wages are classified or divided in to two separate groups with respect to the pay game –unadjusted and adjusted pay gap.The adjusted pay gap could be defined as the differences that women faces in hours of the work, the occupational choices, education and the experience of job (Watson 2017). When a women is on maternity leave, the particular women is not expected to earn as much as the person that is working at that time. These factors are responsible for lower income in the yearly earnings for women. The unadjusted pay gap are considered to be much higher (Auspurg, Hinz and Sauer 2017). These pays are the general amount that is not paid to the women when it is compared to men. Men enjoy lot more of salary and benefits in the global economic sector that women does (Angelov, Johansson and Lindahl 2016).
2GENDER PAY GAP It could be said that this indulgence of partiality have been started from very long time. Since the medieval ages women are the beings that suffer from every unequal rights. They have not given the privileges to take part in neither political nor economic right of the kingdom. They were just judged on the basis of their beauty not their brain (Haylock et al. 2016). The ever cornered when it came to taking responsibilities. There were always some reason not to let women take part in any form of work that was related to political or economic aspects. Afterthestaringofthe20thcentury,theworksofwomenwerestaredtobe acknowledged. With the 1900’s, came the rise of feminism, the conflict theory based on demands of equal rights for women too (Angelov, Johansson and Lindahl 2016). The feminism sociology is a theoretical perspective that was developed for observing the gender in the relation to power in both face to face and reflexivity level within a society. The theory mainly focuses on the sexual orientation, race, economic status and nationality based on the fact of getting equal rights (Scraton 2018). There were different phases or waves conducted under feminism conflicts. The first phase of feminism was a time period of activities that were conducted to place a level in the society by women in terms of equal rights.It is estimated that the first women to write about feminism was Christine de Pizan that encouraged them to take responsibilities to get equal rights. Different countries have different time period when the rise of feminism took its place. In United Kingdom, the individual like Caroline Norton was not being able to obtain divorce and she was denied the access to her three sons and this led her life to intense campaigning (Angelov, Johansson and Lindahl 2016). This led to passing of Custody of Infants Act 1839 and introduces the Tender years doctrine for the child custody arrangement. This act gave the married woman a
3GENDER PAY GAP right to their children. The first wave feminism promoted the equal contract and the equal property rights for the women and opposing ownership of the married woman by their husbands. The second wave feminism focused on the issues of equality and discriminations, ‘the personal is political was the slogan of that time, and this will identify women’s cultural and political inequalities (Maxwell and Shields 2018). In United Kingdom the second wave feminists espousedthesocial,sexualandreproductiveliberation,thatwerehelpedalongbythe commercial availability of the pill in 1961 (Scraton 2018). The third wave feminism was benefited from the preceding ones, but rejected many of the mentalities.As stated byScraton (2018),the third wave feminist believes that feminism should be for everyone rejecting the concept of universal brotherhood excluding LGBTQ and trans women and instead promoting a feminism defined by the individual. Therefore from the above discussion it can be concluded that this study analyzed the factors behind the gender pay gap. This study also described about the social inequality that women mostly faces in the work place. After the long run women are considered as the competitor of men in the corporate world. This study has discussed about the biased system in the pay grade. This study also describes about three phases of feminism in United Kingdom and also showed the impact of the feminism in the society. The three phases of feminism was comprised different values. Feminism played an effective role in bringing equal pay and mitigated the gender gap in the working places.
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4GENDER PAY GAP References Angelov,N.,Johansson,P.andLindahl,E.,2016.Parenthoodandthegendergapin pay.Journal of Labor Economics,34(3), pp.545-579. Auspurg, K., Hinz, T. and Sauer, C., 2017. Why should women get less? Evidence on the gender pay gap from multifactorial survey experiments.American Sociological Review,82(1), pp.179- 210. Scraton, S. (2018). Feminism and PE: Does gender still matter?. InThe Palgrave handbook of feminism and sport, leisure and physical education(pp. 25-42). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Watson, T. 2017Sociology, Work and Organisation. 7th Edition. Abingdon: Routledge Gilman, C.P., 2018. Women and economics. InInequality in the 21st Century(pp. 31-33). Routledge. Hallward‐Driemeier, M., Rijkers, B. and Waxman, A., 2017. Can minimum wages close the gender wage gap? Evidence from Indonesia.Review of Income and Wealth,63(2), pp.310-334. Maxwell, A. and Shields, T., 2018. Introduction: Toward a New Understanding of Second-Wave Feminism. InThe Legacy of Second-Wave Feminism in American Politics(pp. 1-18). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Haylock, L., Cornelius, R., Malunga, A. and Mbandazayo, K., 2016. Shifting negative social norms rooted in unequal gender and power relationships to prevent violence against women and girls.Gender & Development,24(2), pp.231-244.