On assignment submission I hereby declare that the assignment submission is entirely my own work
Added on 2022-03-19
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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Prog102: Procedural Programming
Submission date 03/03/2022 Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name Tran Duc Phuong Student ID GBH200021
Class GCH1006 Assessor name Dinh Duc Manh
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature Phuong
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 M1 M2 D1
ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Prog102: Procedural Programming
Submission date 03/03/2022 Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name Tran Duc Phuong Student ID GBH200021
Class GCH1006 Assessor name Dinh Duc Manh
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature Phuong
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 M1 M2 D1
Summative Feedback: Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Lecturer Signature:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Lecturer Signature:
3
Table of Contents
I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................4
I.1. General concepts about procedural programming ...............................................4
I.2. Characteristics of procedural programming ...........................................................4
I.2.1. Characteristics ........................................................................................................5
I.2.2. Key feature .............................................................................................................5
I.3. Problem statement .....................................................................................................5
I.4. How Procedural Programming can be applied this problem ....................................6
II. Analysis .......................................................................................................................7
II.1. List data types, data structures needed in problem...............................................7
II.1.1. Data type ...............................................................................................................7
II.1.2. Data structure ........................................................................................................8
II.2. Statement needed in the program ...........................................................................9
III. Design ........................................................................................................................12
III.1. WBS ........................................................................................................................12
III.2. Use case diagrams..................................................................................................14
III.3. Flowchart ...............................................................................................................15
IV. Evaluation.................................................................................................................25
IV.1. General evaluation................................................................................................25
IV.2. Advantage and disadvantages of procedural programming .............................25
V. Conclusion ................................................................................................................26
Reference: ...........................................................................................................................26
Table of Contents
I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................4
I.1. General concepts about procedural programming ...............................................4
I.2. Characteristics of procedural programming ...........................................................4
I.2.1. Characteristics ........................................................................................................5
I.2.2. Key feature .............................................................................................................5
I.3. Problem statement .....................................................................................................5
I.4. How Procedural Programming can be applied this problem ....................................6
II. Analysis .......................................................................................................................7
II.1. List data types, data structures needed in problem...............................................7
II.1.1. Data type ...............................................................................................................7
II.1.2. Data structure ........................................................................................................8
II.2. Statement needed in the program ...........................................................................9
III. Design ........................................................................................................................12
III.1. WBS ........................................................................................................................12
III.2. Use case diagrams..................................................................................................14
III.3. Flowchart ...............................................................................................................15
IV. Evaluation.................................................................................................................25
IV.1. General evaluation................................................................................................25
IV.2. Advantage and disadvantages of procedural programming .............................25
V. Conclusion ................................................................................................................26
Reference: ...........................................................................................................................26
4
I. Introduction
I will discuss the principles of procedural programming as well as how to create use case diagrams and
flowcharts for the topic at hand in this report, which is a synthesis of both assignments. The software
will be designed to address the problem based on diagrams and graphs.
I.1. General concepts about procedural programming
Procedural Programming is likely to be a new developer's first programming paradigm. Procedural
code, in its most basic form, is the code that tells a device how to do a job in logical stages. This
paradigm takes a top-down, linear approach to data and methods, and sees them as two distinct things.
Procedural Programming separates a program into procedures, which are sometimes known as routines
or functions and simply comprise a set of actions to be carried out, based on the notion of a procedure
call. Procedural programming simply lays down a series of instructions that teach the computer how to
complete a task step by step.
Computer processes have traditionally been specified using procedural languages. That is, a computer
program is generally expressed as a sequence of steps. (Katz and McGee, 1963)
Figure 1: Procedural programming
I.2. Characteristics of procedural programming
I. Introduction
I will discuss the principles of procedural programming as well as how to create use case diagrams and
flowcharts for the topic at hand in this report, which is a synthesis of both assignments. The software
will be designed to address the problem based on diagrams and graphs.
I.1. General concepts about procedural programming
Procedural Programming is likely to be a new developer's first programming paradigm. Procedural
code, in its most basic form, is the code that tells a device how to do a job in logical stages. This
paradigm takes a top-down, linear approach to data and methods, and sees them as two distinct things.
Procedural Programming separates a program into procedures, which are sometimes known as routines
or functions and simply comprise a set of actions to be carried out, based on the notion of a procedure
call. Procedural programming simply lays down a series of instructions that teach the computer how to
complete a task step by step.
Computer processes have traditionally been specified using procedural languages. That is, a computer
program is generally expressed as a sequence of steps. (Katz and McGee, 1963)
Figure 1: Procedural programming
I.2. Characteristics of procedural programming
5
I.2.1. Characteristics
• A top-down method is used in procedural programming.
• The program is organized into functions, which are blocks of code that each execute a specified
purpose.
• Real-world processes are modeled as 'procedures' that operate on 'data' in procedural systems.
• Data and functions are separate from one another.
• In software, data is free to move about.
• It's simple to follow a program's logic.
• By invoking another function, a function can have access to its data.
I.2.2. Key feature
• Predefined functions: A predefined function is a type of instruction that has a name attached to
it. Predefined functions are usually included in higher-level programming languages; however,
they are drawn from a library or registry rather than a program. 'charAt ()' is an example of a
pre-defined function that looks for a character located in a string.
• Local Variable: A local variable is a variable that is defined in the method's primary structure
and is only used inside the scope of the method. The local variable can only be used in the
method in which it is defined; if it is used outside of that function, the code will fail.
• A global variable is a variable that is declared outside of any other functions created in the
code. As a result, unlike local variables, global variables can be utilized in any function.
• Modularity occurs when two distinct systems have two separate jobs to complete, yet they are
joined together to complete a bigger task first. The tasks of each set of systems would
subsequently be completed one by one until all tasks were completed.
• Parameter Passing: A system for passing parameters to functions, subroutines, and procedures
is known as parameter passing. 'Pass by value', 'pass by reference', 'pass by result', 'pass by
value results’, and 'pass by the name' are all methods for passing parameters.
I.3. Problem statement
Problem: Teaching and human resource management are becoming increasingly challenging in today's
world, particularly in light of the current Covid 19 pandemic. It is also becoming increasingly difficult for
instructors to teach. When submitting assignments in hard copy, for example, it will take a long time for
teachers to move, print, examine, grade, and react to students as promptly as feasible. A math teacher is
responsible for overseeing course grades. He asks you to help him write a tiny application to do this. He
wants to keep track of student IDs, names, and grades, as well as who has the best and worse grades.
Solve: To meet the above requirements, we'll need to create a management program with basic functions
like importing and exporting personal information, looking up and editing information, calculating scores,
sorting orders, and so on. This problem will be solved quickly, simply, and effectively using algorithms
written in the C programming language.
I.2.1. Characteristics
• A top-down method is used in procedural programming.
• The program is organized into functions, which are blocks of code that each execute a specified
purpose.
• Real-world processes are modeled as 'procedures' that operate on 'data' in procedural systems.
• Data and functions are separate from one another.
• In software, data is free to move about.
• It's simple to follow a program's logic.
• By invoking another function, a function can have access to its data.
I.2.2. Key feature
• Predefined functions: A predefined function is a type of instruction that has a name attached to
it. Predefined functions are usually included in higher-level programming languages; however,
they are drawn from a library or registry rather than a program. 'charAt ()' is an example of a
pre-defined function that looks for a character located in a string.
• Local Variable: A local variable is a variable that is defined in the method's primary structure
and is only used inside the scope of the method. The local variable can only be used in the
method in which it is defined; if it is used outside of that function, the code will fail.
• A global variable is a variable that is declared outside of any other functions created in the
code. As a result, unlike local variables, global variables can be utilized in any function.
• Modularity occurs when two distinct systems have two separate jobs to complete, yet they are
joined together to complete a bigger task first. The tasks of each set of systems would
subsequently be completed one by one until all tasks were completed.
• Parameter Passing: A system for passing parameters to functions, subroutines, and procedures
is known as parameter passing. 'Pass by value', 'pass by reference', 'pass by result', 'pass by
value results’, and 'pass by the name' are all methods for passing parameters.
I.3. Problem statement
Problem: Teaching and human resource management are becoming increasingly challenging in today's
world, particularly in light of the current Covid 19 pandemic. It is also becoming increasingly difficult for
instructors to teach. When submitting assignments in hard copy, for example, it will take a long time for
teachers to move, print, examine, grade, and react to students as promptly as feasible. A math teacher is
responsible for overseeing course grades. He asks you to help him write a tiny application to do this. He
wants to keep track of student IDs, names, and grades, as well as who has the best and worse grades.
Solve: To meet the above requirements, we'll need to create a management program with basic functions
like importing and exporting personal information, looking up and editing information, calculating scores,
sorting orders, and so on. This problem will be solved quickly, simply, and effectively using algorithms
written in the C programming language.
6
I.4. How Procedural Programming can be applied this problem
A procedural programming language such as C or Pascal is usually the first programming language the
most students come across. However, in most curriculums, the concept of 'procedure is introduced to the
students after almost half of the course is covered. Many students are then found to be reluctant to get the
fruit of the procedural style of programming. (Abdullah-Al-Wadud, 2016)
A flowchart is a graphic means of documenting a sequence of operations. Flowcharts serve as a pictorial
means of communicating from one person to another the time-ordering of events or actions. As a pictorial
format, flowcharts have been the subject of both an International and an American National Standard
(ANSI, 1970; Chapin, 1979). Flowcharts go by many other names, including block diagrams, flow
diagrams, system charts, run diagrams, process charts, logic charts, and iteration diagrams. (Chapin, 2003)
Figure 2: Example of flowchart
We may then identify each step required to get the desired outcome and create flawless software that fits
the problem's criteria. Procedural programming splits a program into processes, often known as routines or
functions, based on this. They all work together to ensure that our programs are as clear and efficient as
possible. Furthermore, because C is a fundamental and widely used programming language, we can be
confident that it will run smoothly on all operating systems.
I.4. How Procedural Programming can be applied this problem
A procedural programming language such as C or Pascal is usually the first programming language the
most students come across. However, in most curriculums, the concept of 'procedure is introduced to the
students after almost half of the course is covered. Many students are then found to be reluctant to get the
fruit of the procedural style of programming. (Abdullah-Al-Wadud, 2016)
A flowchart is a graphic means of documenting a sequence of operations. Flowcharts serve as a pictorial
means of communicating from one person to another the time-ordering of events or actions. As a pictorial
format, flowcharts have been the subject of both an International and an American National Standard
(ANSI, 1970; Chapin, 1979). Flowcharts go by many other names, including block diagrams, flow
diagrams, system charts, run diagrams, process charts, logic charts, and iteration diagrams. (Chapin, 2003)
Figure 2: Example of flowchart
We may then identify each step required to get the desired outcome and create flawless software that fits
the problem's criteria. Procedural programming splits a program into processes, often known as routines or
functions, based on this. They all work together to ensure that our programs are as clear and efficient as
possible. Furthermore, because C is a fundamental and widely used programming language, we can be
confident that it will run smoothly on all operating systems.
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