Geology Study Material

This study material provides resources for Geology including solved assignments, essays, and dissertations. It covers various topics such as the formation of the Earth, tectonic plates, earthquakes, volcanoes, and more. The material also includes a bibliography for further reading.

Geology 1
GEOLOGY
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Geology 2
Q1. Some scientists claim that they can determine when the Earth first formed as a planet.
Which technique do scientists use today to determine when the Earth first formed?
Analysis of radioactive isotopes in rocks
Q2. For a given bedrock type, which of the following has the greatest effect on erosion rates?
Time
Q3. Which is the best definition of a tectonic plate?
A massive slab of the Earth's crust and upper mantle that moves relative to deeper parts of the
Earth.
Q4. Below are slices through the interior of the Earth. Which of the figures most closely
represents the location of the Earth's tectonic plates relative to the Earth's surface and core?
A
Q5 which of the following is most closely related to the causes of large earthquakes?
Movement in the Earth's core
Q6 A large, ashy volcanic eruption occurs in Europe. Which effect would this eruption have on
the air temperature near the Earth's surface one year later?
The air temperature in Europe would be warmer
Q7. Which of the following best describes mountains?
Old mountains tend to have gentler slopes than young mountains because there is more time for
rocks to get worn away
Q8. What causes most of the waves in the ocean?
Wind
Q9. Some people believe there was once a single continent on Earth.
Which of the following statements best describes what happened to this continent.
Material beneath the continent moved, causing the continent to break into smaller pieces
Q10. Some people believe there was once a single continent on Earth. If so, how long did it take
for the single continent to break apart and form the arrangement of continents we see today?
Millions of years

Geology 3
Q11. Which of the following is TRUE about earthquakes?
Earthquakes are motions that always create visible cracks on the Earth's surface
Q12. Which of the following responses best summarizes the relationship between volcanoes,
large earthquakes, and tectonic plates?
Volcanoes and large earthquakes both typically occur along the edges of tectonic plates.
Q13. What is groundwater?
All liquid water that resides beneath the Earth's surface
Q14 The map below shows the position of the Earth's continents and oceans today. The gray
areas represent land, and the white represents water. Which of the following best explains why
the ocean basins look the way they do?
The ocean basins formed in cracks that were created as the whole Earth heated after its formation
Q15. About how long ago did the Earth form?
5 billion years
Q16 which of the following is FALSE about where glaciers can be found today?
Glaciers are found anywhere except along the equator.
Q17. Which of the following statements about the age of rocks is most likely
True?
None of the above; we cannot figure out the age of rocks precisely enough to figure out which
rocks are older.
Q18. The Earth probably has a magnetic field because of?
Liquid metal moving inside the Earth
Q19. Which answer best describes what the surface of the Earth would be like if you could travel
back to the time when the Earth first formed as a planet?
The Earth's surface was very hot and covered with melted rock.
Q20. If you could travel back in time to when the Earth first formed as a planet, what type(s) of
life do you think you might encounter?
Simple, one-celled organisms.
Q21. Below the outermost rocky shell of the Earth, it becomes.
Colder, everything is solid, and pressure increases.
Q22. Why do tectonic plates move?

Geology 4
Currents in the ocean push against the tectonic plates
Q23. Which of the following figures do you believe is most closely related to what you might see
if you could cut the Earth in half
C
Q24. Are rocks and minerals alive?
No, rocks and minerals don't reproduce
Q25 Where can groundwater be found?
Groundwater can exist in rock or soil, but will not be found beneath the Earth's surface

Geology 5
Bibliography
Dawson, A., 2013. Ice Age Earth: Late Quaternary Geology and Climate. 1st ed. London:
Routledge.
Holmes, A., 2015. The Age of the Earth. 2nd ed. Liverpool: Bibliolife DBA of Bibilio Bazaar II
LLC.