Global Public Health: Issues, Challenges, and Health Systems in Australia

Global Public Health

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
SECTION A.....................................................................................................................................3
Issues and challenges related to communicable, non-communicable disease and other health
issue..............................................................................................................................................3
SECTION B ....................................................................................................................................4
Key events and health systems of Australia................................................................................4
Current issues related to health system........................................................................................5
How current health system of Australia work properly...............................................................5
SECTION C.....................................................................................................................................6
Health system of Australia of 2009-2019 for meeting SDG........................................................6
Comparison of health system of Australia with other country....................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Health of public in the global context is known as global public health (Peres and et.al.,
2019). World health organization specialized agency of United Nations is responsible for
international public health whose main aim is to improve quality of lives of people by partnering
or supporting healthcare agencies. This study of communicable, non-communicable and injuries
with accidents is based on Australia. This study is going to show about communicable, non-
communicable and other global health issues or injuries happen with accident. This will also
discuss effectiveness of health care system of Australia and improvements that government has
made.
SECTION A
Issues and challenges related to communicable, non-communicable disease and other health
issue
Communicable disease: Communicable disease is known as transmissible diseases or
illness that caused by infection or growth of pathogenic biological agents. There are some
examples of communicable diseases such as: measles, tuberculosis, influenza, mumps,
coronavirus, Ebola and others.
Data: In regard to Australia, it is stated that it is reported around 1,300 active cases per
year. This rate has remained unchanged since 1980s as there is a slight increment in rate. It is
affecting lives of people as it is communicable disease so, people surrounded of affected people
also have risk. But fortunately, it has been reduced to some extent and till now rates have fallen
by 85% since the 1960s (Holton and et.al., 2018). Total TB cases as per the report by WHO in
Australia was 1438 in which 88% notified as HIV active status and 64% of pulmonary. In regard
to affected people it is found that around 50% were male; 46% women and 4% were children.

Figure 1: Tuberculosis case notification
Sources: (Global Tuberculosis Report, 2019)
Governmental actions: Australia in now counting in one of the lowest TB rates in the
world with around 6 cases per 100,000 people. Government is encouraging its institutes to
develop TB control program. In this program, people have been made aware. It has reduced the
burden of disease and it is also providing free treatments to people. By calling, it makes sure that
all people affected with TB are having medication.
Non communicable disease: Non-communicable are disease which are not caused by
infectious agents. Such diseases are result of environmental, behavioural, generic and
psychological factors. Some examples: diabetes, cancer, stroke, pulmonary hypertension.
Data: In regard to Australia it is found that there is a high burden of this non-
communicable disease. Prevalence rate in Central Australia is greater in ATSI individuals and
diagnosed at younger ages. It is contributing the major part to the gap in life expectancy between
ATSI and non ATSI individuals (Pulmonary Hypertension in Central Australia: A Community
Based Cohort Study, 2019). A study of 10000 patients were conducted in Australia in which
group 2 PH was common and lethal form.