Nature and Scale of Global Tourism

This report discusses the nature and scale of global tourism, including the growth and features of emerging destinations. It explores the role of key companies in the development of global tourism and highlights the major threats and challenges facing the industry.

Global Tourism
Destinations

INTRODUCTION
Global tourism is term which simply refers to people who are travelling one destination
to other within national and international boundaries. For tourism sector globalisation is
generating high opportunities as it allow human beings to travel international destination which
provide them better experience (Cornelissen, 2017). Continuous development within respective
industry boost economy also. This present report will conduct discussion on nature and scale of
global tourism. Along with this, it will also give explanation related to growth and features
which are related with emerging marketplace as well as destination region. Furthermore, it will
also explore several role of key companies over the development of global tourism. In the end,
description will be given related to major threats, issues and challenges related to future
development of global tourism which have impact on industry.
MAIN BODY
Nature of individual for travelling result in increasing tourism within economy. Within
travel and tourism industry evolvement is taking place day by day which result in transforming
overall industry look in different manner. These modifications are made on basis of changing
travellers behaviour and their expectations from industry as well as interest developed by them
because of globalisation (Ezeuduji, 2015). In addition to this, it has been identified that there are
two main trends which directly influence overall industry in supportive manner i.e., solo
travellers as well as global online travellers. Explanation of these trends are mention below with
proper support of statistical information :-
Global online travel – Now a days travellers prefer to book their trips through online
medium such as mobile apps and so on. Because allow them to finish their dream of travelling at
global level within effective manner. Such global online travel result in increasing benefits of
tourism industry as their sales are enhancing through online mediums. In relation to these trends
statistical information with supportive graphical presentation are as follows :-

Illustration 1: Global online travel sales statistics, 2019
§§
(Source: Global online travel sales statistics, 2019)
As per the above notice picture it has been portrayed that after passage of internet voyaging
booking choices, travel and the travel industry is developing quick step by step. Alongside this, it
has been confirm that deal execution of industry was evaluated around $470.97 billion in the
year 2014 which was later expected to change over into $817.94 billion till 2020. what's more,
contrasts inside The distinction among these 6 years is practically twofold which totally shows
that travel industry is developing normally in quick way.
Solo traveller: Individuals who want to go alone to their preferred goal are recognized as
solo voyagers. It is viewed as successful advanced pattern of the travel industry which is
affecting its development in positive way (Gössling and Peeters, 2015). According to the
acquired information, it has been distinguished that around 17% of grown-ups offers inclinations
to book their fantasy goal at their very own level for solo outing over the most recent five years.
According to this, visit administrators of this industry are additionally creating nature of their
administrations so as to assist them with excursion in making the most of their outing with best
understanding with no sort of contention.
In an nation tourist generating areas as those that mould by taking essential steps as well
as effectual modification on demographic, geographical and economical factors which attract
tourist. Furthermore, tourist receiving area are those whose condition are presented from starting
and no such efforts made in their creations like climate, environment, cultural, economic and

several other factors. In addition to this, both area of travel and tourism which are generating as
well as receiving tourist have various characteristic (Higham, 2018). In simple term,individual
chose place according to its favourable characteristics because it influence their interest towards
places. Explanation of characteristics related to tourism generating and receiving area are
mention below :-
Tourism generating area characteristics are as follows :-
 Geographical Factors – Geographical characteristic of France is most eye capturing
which help in attracting people towards them. Best example of this is, Eiffel Tower which
located in France it have geographical characteristics which attract people. Along with
this, it have high level of mouth publicity which assist in attracting people.
 Demographics factors -Demographic characteristic of US assist in attracting travellers
towards their well known cities like Las Vegas as it is famous for night life. Mostly
people who are visiting place such as Las Vegas are high class who have ability to spend
money in Casino with motive of enjoyment. Economic - Within an nation economic status is taken as most important characteristic
due to its high played role for influencing tourist towards particular location who are
from same nation (Jovicic, 2014). For example, London is commercial city which
emphasises on enjoying status as largest city at global level in economical terms. In
London, popular destination is London Eye as it help in attracting local as well as
overseas travellers towards them.
Tourism receiving area characteristic are as follows :-
 Climate – Durgham is place in England which is well known for its waterfall and drops
of its waterfall falls on beautiful plunge pool. Climate condition of respective waterfall is
eye capturing as it providing soothing environment to travellers who are visiting over
their.
 Environment - Barafundle Bay and Pembrokeshire is Island located in Greek they are
surrounded with environment which is full of greenery. Respective Island owned through
cawdor family of Stackpole court but it is open for everyone and they can visit it.
Barafundle Bay and Pembrokeshire are most desirable destination of UK and it also come
under top 12 beaches at worldwide level in past.

 Culture – It is most important term which influence interest of human being. One of the
best example related to culture is Tomorrowland as it is music festival which organised
within Berlin on seasonal basis.
One of most famous and well known tourism generating place is regarded to be Eiffel
Tower of Paris. As this respective tower has height of 320m as it was considered as tallest
building which developed by man 41 years before and it was surpassed by Chrysler Building of
New York (Kiráľová and Pavlíčeka, 2015). Thus, such practices help destination in becoming
most attractive destination of Paris. Eiffel Tower of Paris provide amenity to customers for
climbing up to first 2 levels through stairs and to third as well as last level by lift which help in
making place more interesting and entertaining for travellers. On daily basis over 25000 tourist
visit this tower to witness beauty of this infrastructural wonder. Along with this, respective
destination of Paris fulfils 3 A's of destination but it get fail in meeting the criterion of Ancillary
which is last component of this model.
Reasons for growth of tourism receiving areas :-
In USA, Niagara falls State park is situated which is one of the popular tourism receiving
area across global boundaries. Respective tourism destination is composed of 3 waterfalls which
are named as the Horseshoe Falls, American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls. All these falls make
place centre of attraction for travellers at worldwide level. The power generation amenity along
with Niagara falls is accepted to supply over 1/4th of overall power which consumed within the
confines of New York and Ontario. Although, it falls for meeting other 2 criteria of 4 A's
destination which are Access and Ancillary.
TALC model was designed with concept of product life cycle. This model generally
specifies capability as well as sustainability of particular destinations over the years. TALC
framework provide assistance in understanding modification within tourism attraction as time is
passing on. Application of this framework along with comparison within two different global
destination are as follows :-
Stages of TALC India Nepal
Exploration In this stage, there re several
number of travellers who visit
respective emerging
In comparison of India, Nepal
have less number of travellers
and the person who are visiting

destination as number of
visitors are also increasing.
visit on some occasion.
Involvement People who are living near by
to destination has started
offering basic facilities to
people who are travelling there
which rise business chances
for them (Lew, Hall and
Williams, 2014). Thus, within
this involvement is high.
There is low involvement of
other travel business in
destinations. As other
organisation support this event
on seasonal basis but it have
chances of developing in near
future.
Development As international tourism is
increasing, local population
also started visiting India
which boost flow for this
destination. As well
development is doing on
regular basis.
Economic condition of
respective tourist destination
are tied directly with tourist.
Thus, it is low in comparison
of Nepal.
Consolidation Number of people who are
visiting respective destination
reached to its peak with
passing time.
Over utilisation of electricity
result in increasing
environmental, social as well
as economical issues for
Nepal.
Stagnation Continuous development will
provide assistance to
destination in reaching its
higher growth.
For Nepal tourism can be
stabilised through several
modification in usage of
electricity as well as some
others for its better functioning
(Liu, 2014).
Decline This destination have
capability of dealing with
This destination can be
replaced through non-tourism

emerging tourism destination.
Thus, for India decline stage
is very far.
activities. As increasing
number of high wheels may
become reason for declining
stage of this destination.
Identify factors driving growth of specific destinations: There are several factors which result in
growth of particular destination. Explanation of these are as follows :-
1. Tourism destination growth is getting influenced through various factors such as
economical, religious, historical, environmental and many more. Respective factors
positive influence provides assistance in growth of these destinations within quick
manner.
2. In relation to destination mention above, India is that which positively influenced through
historical factors. This destination capture eyes of people who want to explore old
monuments which result in upgrading their knowledge in better manner (Rogerson,
2015).
3. On the other hand, Nepal have historical values. Innovative structure of this result in
attracting customers at wide level which also result in it customer growth within rapid
manner.
Future predictions and forecast: In travel and tourism industry there are several factors which
have to be predicting as well as forecast. Explanation of these are as follows :-
 In 2017, was remarkable as more than 10 million tourist visited for the first time which
simply means there was 14% growth from last years. During Jan-Nov. 2018 the FAT was
93.67 million with 5.6% growth over 2017. From this data it has been predicted that in
future number of tourist will increase.
 In 2018, Nepal have 1,173,072 tourist visited which result in 24.8% growth in ratio. As iit
is increasing day by day which simply means that in future also number of visitors will
increase in Nepal as it is an emerging tourist destination.
Strategies employed by emerging destinations: There are two emerging destination i.e., India
and Nepal who employed some strategies. As destination are implementing innovative practices
as well as promotional tactics which will benefits company in several manner as well as attract
large number of people towards that specific destination. Such as amazing destination website

will design which help company in grabbing attention of several visitors as well as also assist in
branding that destination.
There are various companies who play essential role in facilitating tourism growth at
global level. Within this both private as well as government companies are involve within this
such as UNWTO, IATA, PATA UN and EU. All these organisations ensure development of
economy through inflating tourism figure at worldwide scale.
Role and aims of policies related to Tourism development organisation
 PATA (Pacific Asia Travel association) – It is one of the biggest tourism promotion
company at worldwide level. Since its incorporation there are numerous role played
through PATA like promotion, creation and foster tourism in Pacific areas (Saarinen and
Lenao, 2014). Along with this, there are various visit administrators business firm who
are individual from Pacific Asia Travel affiliation and they are getting support from
particular association everywhere level since they have association with 95 government
state bodies, 108 cordiality organizations, 25 global aircrafts, 72 instructive foundations
and others massive travel related association over the Asia Pacific (PATA – Pacific Asia
Travel Association, 2019). All these give help to PATA in executing there exercises
inside suitable way. Alongside this, point of PATA maintainability just as social
obligation arrangement is to create business of their part. Alongside this, increase in
administrations offering to them and stipulation of measures for improving number of
guests inside limits of Asia pacific district.
 UNWTO – For tour operators determination and examination of emerging market trends
within travel and tourism sector are essential aspects. In relation to, Unite State World
Tourism organisation playing essential role other tour operator companies with latest
knowledge and number of aspects related to it. They include several factors such as
market study, latest trends, forecasts and comprehensibility of market segments relate to
tourism industry (UNWTO. The Work of UNWTO, 2019). UNWTO contributing at wide
level in developing knowledge of individual in relation to tourism and issues related to it
which contributing in development of global tourism. In addition to this, policies framed
through business firm include sustainable tourism policies as their aim is to promote
sustainable tourism at large level.

Threats issues as well as challenges in forthcoming improvement of global tourism: In travel
and tourism industry major threat is now a days is Terrorism. Within current time, foreign
travellers are avoiding to travel destination holidays because of terrorist attack because of high
level concern on security topic. In addition to this, occupancy rate of hotel is falling down in area
which suffered through terrorist attack. Because of such issue travellers not feel safe while
travelling to such areas which are affected with any type of terrorist attack. In addition to this,
major challenge is decreasing tourist and reducing profitability of companies working within this
sector.
There are numerous issues travel and tourism industry is facing as well as there are
several threats and challenges also which are affecting future development of respective industry.
In context of global tourism industry it is identified that globalisation have wide impact on
respective industry as it brought numerous challenges due to several factors like economic,
environmental, political, social and technological trends (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014).
Explanation of different factors and their reviews are given below for determining its
contribution in development of tourism :-
 Political – This factor involve prime problems which is in relation of people safety in
terms of terrorism attack on human being who visit different locations. In this, terrorism
is related to utilisation of intended violence in terms of citizen. If there will be any
terrorist attack on travellers at global destination then it will result in raising threat
through decreasing influence of tourist towards worldwide destination. Best example of
this is, Paris face series of coordinated terrorist attract within 2015 which have wide
impact on safety image of that particular nation. In relation to this special program was
created by French Government for combat terrorism and it was budgeted £326. Along
with this, by deployment of more than 122000 police and military forces safety of city get
increased (France boosts anti-terror measures in wake of Paris attacks, 2019).
 Environmental – Within environmental factor major aspect considered is climate
changes because sudden modification in climate has become one of the major issue as
well as it may give impact on further improvement of worldwide tourism. Through
environmental factors an nation get impacted directly i.e., Europe which was affected
through environmental factor and impact was seen on temperature, reducing sea ice, level
of sea and many more (Torres-Delgado and Saarinen, 2014). In other words it can be said

that, climate have its wide impact over several regions are wet are getting more wetter on
the other hand dry becomes more drier. Furthermore, threat which was noticed at
international level is in respect of several agreements which are made such as Paris
agreement within UNFCCC. It work for decreasing amount of greenhouse gas emission
as well as adaption of several other measures.
There are some suggestions which help in dealing with constraints of developing global tourism
are explained below :-
 Combating tourism – With the assistance this strategy threats and outcomes will
managed are developed of contingency plans, risk management protocols as well as
disaster recovery program by business firm at global level.
 Dealing with safety issues - For ensuring security and safety of traveller in travel and
tourism sector is essential on the part of Ministry of Tourism as well as international
organisations for making tourist safety as their priority (Saarinen, Rogerson and Hall,
2017). For assisting digital campaigns as well as social media because it will help in
generating awareness among individuals in relation of this matter.
CONCLUSION
From above mention discussion it has been concluded that, both term worldwide the
travel industry and financial advancement are interrelated with one another. What's more, it has
been likewise examined that development of worldwide the travel industry making and getting
places which owes to reason like common magnificence of spots, unending goals to visit and
some more. Alongside this, it is additionally distinguished that inside movement and the travel
industry division online clearance of administrations and versatile applications are significant
wellspring of augmentation in income. Also, goal life cycle is considered by country with
thought process of preserving excellence of famous alluring spots.

REFERENCES
Books and journal
Cornelissen, S., 2017. The global tourism system: Governance, development and lessons from
South Africa. Routledge.
Ezeuduji, I. O., 2015. Strategic event-based rural tourism development for sub-Saharan
Africa. Current Issues in Tourism. 18(3). pp.212-228.
Gössling, S. and Peeters, P., 2015. Assessing tourism's global environmental impact 1900–
2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 23(5). pp.639-659.
Higham, J., 2018. Sport tourism development. Channel view publications.
Jovicic, D. Z., 2014. Key issues in the implementation of sustainable tourism. Current Issues in
Tourism. 17(4). pp.297-302.
Kiráľová, A. and Pavlíčeka, A., 2015. Development of social media strategies in tourism
destination. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 175. pp.358-366.
Lew, A. A., Hall, C. M. and Williams, A. M. eds., 2014. The Wiley Blackwell companion to
tourism. Wiley-Blackwell.
Liu, Y. D., 2014. Cultural events and cultural tourism development: Lessons from the European
Capitals of Culture. European Planning Studies. 22(3). pp.498-514.
Rogerson, C. M., 2015. Tourism and regional development: The case of South Africa's distressed
areas. Development Southern Africa. 32(3). pp.277-291.
Saarinen, J. and Lenao, M., 2014. Integrating tourism to rural development and planning in the
developing world. Development Southern Africa. 31(3). pp.363-372.
Saarinen, J. and Rogerson, C. M., 2014. Tourism and the millennium development goals:
Perspectives beyond 2015. Tourism Geographies. 16(1). pp.23-30.
Saarinen, J., Rogerson, C. M. and Hall, C. M., 2017. Geographies of tourism development and
planning.
Torres-Delgado, A. and Saarinen, J., 2014. Using indicators to assess sustainable tourism
development: a review. Tourism Geographies. 16(1). pp.31-47.
Online
UNWTO. The Work of UNWTO. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/markettrends.pdf>.
PATA – Pacific Asia Travel Association. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://tourismnotes.com/pacific-asia-travel-association-pata/>.
France boosts anti-terror measures in wake of Paris attacks. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/21/france-anti-terror-measures-paris-
attacks-manuel-valls>.
London Tourism Report 2015-2016. 2016. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/tourism_report_2015_16.pdf>.

1