Health Promotion Assignment

HEALTH PROMOTION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
SEARCH STRATEGY....................................................................................................................1
SIMPLE APPRAISAL OF ARTICLE............................................................................................2
Aim..............................................................................................................................................2
Study Type..................................................................................................................................2
Whereabouts of the study............................................................................................................3
The participants involved in the study........................................................................................3
Research and information gathered.............................................................................................3
Key findings................................................................................................................................4
Strengths and Weaknesses of the study......................................................................................4
Recommendation and Author's Identification.............................................................................4
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
The essay is base on the research question, Does no smoking interventions reduce the prevalence
of smoking amongst pregnant women? The essay comprises drafting of aim, objective,
collection, questions and analysis. This essay is based on one article on the basis of area of study.
The study discusses research for evidence for the question, 'Are smoking interventions effective
in mental health for pregnant women (Curtin and Matthews, 2016).' Proper research tool will use
in this assessment that helps researcher in managing smooth investigation process.
BACKGROUND
Information literacy is a set of integrated abilities that encompasses reflective of
information and the understanding of how information is developed and valued. Researcher
determines the area of study and nature and extent of information related to benefits of smoking
cessation for pregnant women (Ekblad, Korkeila and Lehtonen, 2015). Researcher stated that the
literacy related to information collection is necessary that improve the issue in positive manner.
Information literacy is essential for researcher in the study of smoking cessation as it promote
various thinking skills and problem solving approaches such as; finding information, evaluating
sources, etc.
SEARCH STRATEGY
PICO is the most suitable evidence-based model that uses a process to frame question and
developing search strategy for critical thinking and literature review. PICO searches for
qualitative study of smoking cessation. In the research tool, P stands for Population, problems or
Patients, I stand for indicator or intervention, C stands for comparison, control and O stand for
outcome or result (Bérard, Zhao and Sheehy, 2016). Researcher identify PIO and there is no
other alternatives of the intervention in the present study. The population that was selected in the
study are pregnant women on which the whole study is based on, the interventions for the issue
is tobacco that created smoking intervention. Researcher stated that there are no alternatives of
the intervention. The outcome stated that it is bad for the pregnant women's to smoke because it
harms the unborn child and tends to create bad health in the later stages of the child's life.
The filters which were used includes the documents introduced as the association
between treatment adherence to Nicotine Patches and Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A
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secondary analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. It allowed the research to be more specific
and made it possible to identify that it is harmful for pregnant women to smoke.
The investigation was done in March 2016. It allowed putting particular focus in
understanding the importance of Nicotine and Tobacco Research and how do they impact the
lifestyle of people specially the pregnant women. Along with it, it allowed the researcher to
identify the core issues surrounding the environment and how often they create situations where
people face issues regarding growth and development.
The study also identified the health beliefs which were not supported by the present
report. Beliefs such as women’s thought that it is appropriate to continue smoking while
pregnancy if they are using the patches. However, these patches do not ensures that they will not
affect the health of the unborn.
The filters and limiters were used in order to understand how the study of particular topic
is important in order to achieve set result and find the impacts of smoking on pregnancy and
pregnant women's health (Polanska, Jurewicz and Hanke, 2015). The limiters allow the study be
more comprehensive because it allowed the researcher to be only focused on the certain
keywords. This enhanced the overall articles understanding and made it possible for the
researcher to provide better understanding of the topic.
SIMPLE APPRAISAL OF ARTICLE
Aim
The aim of the article is to identify the association between treatment adherence to
patches of nicotine and cessation of smoking in pregnancy. This articles helps in identifying if
nicotine patches are the best way for the pregnant women's to deal with the cessations of
smoking while they are pregnant. The research is going to help in identifying the major causes
which increases the cessation of smoking in the times of pregnancy for the women. Along with
it, how effective other nicotine replacement therapy methods are in order to ensure smoking is
not impacting the pregnant women's and their child's.
The research evaluates the importance of treatment adherence to nicotine patches and
cessation of smoking in pregnancy. It explores if nicotine patches are successful in helping the
women's to leave the smoking (Spindel and McEvoy, 2016). The overall research explains the
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importance of the treatment method and how effective they can be done in order to enhance the
treatment of NRT.
Study Type
The type of the study was Evaluation. In the study, the evaluation was done in order to
understand if nicotine patches are the right option to build the adherence to the treatment of
smoking. It made use to typical researches such as quantitative which allowed the researcher to
quantify data and generalize results from a sample to the population of its interest. It also helped
the researcher to measure the incidence of a number of views and opinions in the chosen study.
Whereabouts of the study
The study was done at various places from where the data is been gathered. The data was
gathered in the United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, the division of
primary care, and University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre,
Nottingham, United Kingdom (Avşar, McLeod and Jackson, 2018). The second place is United
Kingdom Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health
Sciences. The major places where the study was done is the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies. It was done and published on March 31, 2016.
The participants involved in the study
The participants involved in the study 1050 pregnant trial participants were involved in
study. The participants were pregnant women's of the White British and Irish ethnicities. It was
important in order to conduct the right research to make use of pregnant women's. The age of the
women's were between 23-35. Selection of this age group allowed the researcher to be more
elaborate in looking for the results and ensuring better findings to make the research proper and
better. The education background of these women's were, that they belonged from a variety of
new educations background such as the field of Arts, sciences and commerce.
Research and information gathered
The research was about analysing the impacts of nicotine patches on pregnant women's
and finding the association between treatment adherence to nicotine patches and smoking
cessation in Pregnancy (Curtin and Matthews, 2016). The research made use of 1050 pregnant
women's who were smokers and evaluated if nicotine patches are really helping them in reducing
the cessation of smoking. The evaluation allowed the researcher to more clear and specific about
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the result and to be more precise in understanding of the treatment adherence and the way
smoking impacts the younger people.
Key findings
The key findings of the adherence during the first month were associated with lower
baseline which included cotinine concentrations. The adherence during both of the treatment
months was associated with being randomized to NRT. It also inversely associated with
cessation at one month and delivery (Ekblad, Korkeila and Lehtonen, 2015). Instead of this, there
was no such association was observed in the sub where reverse causation was not possible. The
research concluded that, among all the women's the greater adherence to the patches of nicotine
were associated with a cessation that was increased yet the greater adherence to the placebo was
not there.
The method used in the research to gather the information included usage of regression
models in order to investigate the associations between maternal characteristics, smoking
cessation and adherence. It helped the researcher to be more clear about the results and ensure
that the research is done well.
The salutogenesis model which is focused on factors that support both well being and
health of human explains that usage of smoking and nicotine patches does not ensures that the
health of the women will not be affected. Smoking is going to continue harm the baby and the
mother both. So, it is important to be focused on quitting smoki ng rather than using other
methods to reduce the effect of smoking.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the study
As per the author's point of view, the strengths of the study were numerous participants to
conduct the research. Around 1050 pregnant women were used in the research to identify the
impacts which smoking causes on pregnancy (Spindel and McEvoy, 2016). It helped the
researcher to become more advance in the study and provided new data every time while
conducting surveys. The weaknesses of the study were the limitations of the number of previous
researches done on the same topic. It made the author to look for new concepts and ideas while
conducting the complete research.
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Recommendation and Author's Identification
As per the author, the value of the research were its core development in NRT while
observing the requirements of the women to smoke while they are pregnant. It allowed the
research to be more elaborate and made it possible for the author to find a variety of new data on
the beliefs and requirements of the research. It also enhanced the researcher's ability to transform
itself into new areas of growth and development (Avşar, McLeod and Jackson, 2018). In order to
provide recommendations to take the study further, it is important that different ethnicities of
pregnant women are used for the survey and in order to gather the qualitative research methods
are used.
Also, the author identified that the culture also impacts the habit of smoking in women.
The culture in which women tends to smoke make other women’s do the same.
Conclusion
The overall study concluded that the adherence to treatment was associated with the
cessations of smoking yet it is still not clear if the reason behind it were due to active NRT
treatments. The key influence showcases that adherence was the provision of nicotine and on the
similar levels the patches of NRT were associated with off which were greater on cessation than
the ones with placebo. The research also concluded that as per the likely hypothesis on the NRT
patches, if they are used sufficiently might be effective for cessation of smoking in the
pregnancy.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Avşar, T. S., McLeod, H. and Jackson, L., 2018. Health outcomes of maternal smoking during
pregnancy and postpartum period for the mother and infant: protocol for an umbrella
review. Systematic reviews.7(1). p.235.
Bérard, A., Zhao, J. P. and Sheehy, O., 2016. Success of smoking cessation interventions during
pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 215(5). pp.611-e1.
Curtin, S. C. and Matthews, T. J., 2016. Smoking Prevalence and Cessation Before and During
Pregnancy: Data From the Birth Certificate, 2014. National vital statistics reports: from
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics,
National Vital Statistics System. 65(1). pp.1-14
Ekblad, M., Korkeila, J. and Lehtonen, L., 2015. Smoking during pregnancy affects foetal brain
development. Acta paediatrica. 104(1). pp.12-18.
Polanska, K., Jurewicz, J. and Hanke, W., 2015. Smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy
as the risk factors for poor child neurodevelopment–A review of epidemiological studies.
Spindel, E. R. and McEvoy, C.T., 2016. The role of nicotine in the effects of maternal smoking
during pregnancy on lung development and childhood respiratory disease. Implications for
dangers of e-cigarettes. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 193(5).
pp.486-494.
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