HLT54115 Diploma of Nursing Unit

HLT54115 Diploma of Nursing
Unit of competency
HLTAAP002 Confirm physical health status
1. Briefly describe the overall structure and functions of the following components of the
human body.
a) Overall structure and functions of a human cell
Structure: the human body cell is composed of many cells. They provide the key structure for
the body, through intake of nutrients, energy process and other special functions. They
many structures such as organelles, lysozomes and other parts
Functions: Cells offers crucial support and performance of body activities. The presence of
specialized organelles performs various functions key in the overall body processes.
b) Overall structure and functions of skeletal muscle tissue:
Structure: It is made up of three key major muscle tissues, forming a striated muscle tissue.
Functions: Most of the skeletal muscles are used in attaching bones through collagen fibre
bundles referred to as tendons. (Gray et al., 2018)
2. Briefly describe the following four (4) major types of cellular adaptation.
a) Hyperplasia: Refers to the enlargement of organ or a tissue due to an increase in cells
reproduction.
b) Hypertrophy: Refers to the increase in the muscles growth specially the muscular size
more commonly during exercise.
c) Atrophy: Refers to the gradual decline of a body tissue or organ due to cell degeneration.
d) Metaplasia: Refers to abnormal changes in the tissue nature of cells or an organ.

(Cooper et al., 2018)
3. Briefly describe the following life processes in your own words.
a) Organisation: Refers to the ability of working collaboratively together for a specific
purpose.
b) Processes of metabolism: Metabolisms refers to the sum of all chemical activity which are
entailed in the catabolism and anabolisms in the body.
c) Nutrition: This is the overall process of providing and obtaining food key for health and
growth purpose
d) Biological maturation: Biological maturation refers to the marked process towards adult
state. All body organs ranging from tissues to whole body matures however at
different times and rates.
e) Inheritance: This refers to the mechanisms of one class acquiring property rights of
another class.
f) Ageing: Is the general process by which structure and functions aspect changes in
organism undergo after a period of time, leading to decline in physiological functions.
(Forbes, H. and Watt, 2015)
4. Briefly describe the six (6) levels of structural organisation of the human body in order
from the smallest structural unit to the largest.
- The six levels begin with chemical levels where is a combination of various chemical
ingredients leading to development of cellular aspects. They agglomerate to form
tissues which perform certain specific function. Group of tissues leads to development
of an organ such as kidney which have fundamental function in the body. Group of
organs leads to an organ system linking various organs and lastly an organism level
which forms a creature. (Bianconi et al., 2013)
5. The human body strives to adjust to conditions that are optimal for survival. Answer the
following questions on homeostasis.
a) Briefly describe the concept of homeostasis in your own words.

- Refers to the tendency of stable equilibrium between various elements to maintain
physiological processes
b) Briefly describe the relationship between homeostatic imbalance and disease.
- Homeostatic imbalance reflects changes in the body balance of homeostatic aspects, thus
weakening the organism and leading to decline in feedback loops. Decline in the
homeostasis levels increases risks of illnesses.
c) Briefly explain the process of body temperature regulation through behavioural and
physiological mechanisms.
- Many organisms regulate body temperature through behaviour. Endotherms animals are
able to regulate heat through shivering and non shivering aspects to maintain body
temperature.
(Marieb and Hoehn, 2007)
6. Briefly describe the structure and functions of the cardio-vascular system.
- Cardiovascular system refers to component such as heart, blood vessels and the blood. The
cardiovascular system performs the task of taking oxygen through the blood and other
nutrients to all section of body cells to maintain growth.
(Moore, Dalley and Agur, 2013)
7. Briefly describe the structure and functions of the respiratory system.
- Respiratory system refers to organ system which is fundamental in carrying oxygen and
removing carbon dioxide. Primary organs are lungs.
8. How does the respiratory system work with the cardio-vascular system?
- Respiratory system work in line with circulatory system through the process of providing
oxygen to the body. Oxygen processed in the respiratory system s taken into the blood
system by circulatory system to cells and tissues (Drake, Volg & Mitchell, 2009).
9. Briefly describe the structure and functions of the muscular system.

- The muscular system is an organ system which entails skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.
It fundamental function is to aid movement of the body, posture and circulate blood in
the body.
10. Briefly describe the structure and functions of the skeletal system.
- The skeletal muscles entail the body system which is comprised of bones and cartilage. Key
role is performing key critical functions, body support, movements’ protection and
production of blood.
11. Briefly describe the interactions between the muscular system and skeletal system in
maintaining the posture and balance of the body.
- The musculoskeletal system and skeletal systems work in collaboration to support and move
the body. Muscular muscle attached to bones work to pull the bones allowing
movement.
(Sinnatamby, 2011)
12. Briefly describe the structure and functions of the endocrine system.
- The endocrine system refers to collection of glands which produce hormones which offer
regulation of metabolism, growth and development processes, reproduction, mood
and other key functions.
13. Briefly describe the structure and functions of the nervous system.
-Refers to a collection of complex nerves and special cells referred to as neurons which
transmit signals in different parts of the body. It is fundamental in body electrical
activity; it has two structures central nervous system and the peripheral nervous
system. (Maton, 1997)
14. How do the endocrine and nervous systems work together to act as a communication
system for the human body?
- Hormones are key messengers within the body and brain, the nervous system and the
endocrine system is a major communication platform in the body. Nervous system
uses chemical signals while endocrine uses hormones.