Hospitality and Tourism Management Research

This assignment delves into current research trends within hospitality and tourism management. It requires students to analyze a selection of academic articles and online sources focusing on various aspects of the industry, including service quality, consumer behavior, Islamic tourism, knowledge-sharing in online networks, and human resources. Students are tasked with understanding and summarizing these trends, providing insights into the evolving landscape of hospitality marketing.

HOSPITALITY PROVISIONS OF
TOURISM SECTOR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Explanation of interrelatedness of the hotel and hospitality industry with travel and
tourism and wider industrial basis..........................................................................................1
Concepts of hospitality on global level..................................................................................2
Structure of international hospitality industry........................................................................2
Main primary hospitality services provider............................................................................2
Classification of hotel.............................................................................................................2
Foods and beverages...............................................................................................................3
Hospitality within travel and tourism.....................................................................................3
Hospitality services in conferences and passenger transport services....................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Analyse the implications of integration to the hospitality industry and principle of
ownership...............................................................................................................................3
2.2 How integration process have affected hospitality operations.........................................5
3.1 Decision are linked to target market:................................................................................7
3.2 Hospitality operations include operational requirements of operations- ........................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
Books and journals...............................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality and tourism industry plays a crucial role in operations functions of a
company. It also identified as important sector that continuously provided growth to the
economy.Work hand in hand to meet needs and demands of users in an effective and significant
way. This report emphasis on wide range of operations functions and obligations that always
been taken in effective consideration by management of hotel.
People usually takes holiday for getting taking various important purpose which are also
mentioned in the documents. Firms will help in better executing of the major aspects of
operations functions that will provide assistance in better handling of the various operations
functions that will provide assistance in handling of the various measures that will provide
assistance in significant handling of the various operations functions (Zervas, Proserpio and
Byers, 2017). For this report, Hilton hotel has been taken as the organisation of context. It is a
five star hotel firm, working in hospitality sector. It also covers the will lay the significant focus
of the various operations functions and obligations that are been taken in effective handling of
the various operations functions that will provide assistance in meeting the requirements of the
users in a better way. In addition, interrelation between travel and tourism industry and their
impact on each other for better growth and development is discussed.
TASK 1
1.1
Explanation
of interrelationship of the HOTEL AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY with travel and tourism
and wider industrial basis
The hotel and hospitality sector along with travel industry and ours helps in meeting
needs and demands of users in a better way. It plays a vital role in growth of this sector by
catering tourists or customers. It also provides support in getting customers satisfactions and
development of brand image in market. Coordination with other operation's enterprise will
provide to firm in getting high financial stability and market share. Operational functions that
will help in executing operations functions in a better way. Apart from this, growth strategy will
raise capacity of company in expansion of operations operation'. Moreover, the hospitality
industry enable the organisation in accomplishment of clients requirements in a better way
(Zaitseva, Goncharova and Androsenko, 2016). The working of hospitality organisations will
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help tour and travel firm to have an effective handling of various relevant functions. The Hilton
group consider effective management of products and services operations functions that will help
in handling of various actions of organisation. This will increase the profitability and meeting of
various operations functions in a better way. The operations function include handling of
conference, operations meeting, holiday or managing aviation facility.
Concept
of hospitality on global level
In the hotel and hospitality industry, a wide variety of function has been taken into
thought process that helps in better handling of the vast variety of operations functions that will
provide assistance in better growth of the organisation. It will also help in meeting requirements
of customers or tourists on global level (Claveria Monte and Torra, 2015). This also supports in a
better way to tour and travel firm to provide the better information to hospitality firm so that the
firm can develop a better services and accommodation, as per their needs and demands. Other
than this, the rise on the global level allows the hospitality firm to gain the exposure to various
cultures and adopt them to develop an innovative process that will help in search the expectation
level of the customers. This will help the firm to increase their satisfaction level (Schegg and
Stangl, 2017).
Structure
of international hospitality industry
The international hotel industry is significantly structured that will help the firm to meet
the operational requirements of the company in a better way. The structure consists of a front
desk, food and beverage departments and the rooms or the accommodation services. Other than
this, several other additional services are been also taken in consideration for the structure of a
firm in hospitality industry (Becker, 2016).
PRIMARY HOSPITALITY SERVICES PROVIDER.
Some major primary hospitality service providers are the hotel and hospitality industry
firms like Hilton groups, Marriott Group of Hotel etc. which fall into the luxurious hotel
category and provide the high quality of products and services to their customers. They are the
top-notch hotels that help the customers to have a memorable hospitality service experience and
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handle the overall operations functions of the hotel and hospitality firm. They provide high-class
services and products, which helps the firm to meet the requirements of the customers,
improving their satisfaction level and build a better relationship with their clients or customers
(Walker, 2016.).
Classification
of hotel
The basic classification relevant industry is based on the star level rating which has been
followed taken into consideration to in effective way. The one star rating is the lowest of all
while the five star rating indicates the highest standardization of services and products, offered
The ones star will have the less standardized products and services that will be offered to handle
the operations functions of the users in a better way (Tsang, Lee and Qu,2015). On the contrary,
the five star rated hotels and hospitality firms will have the superior quality of services including
the better accommodation facilities for the clients or customers, qualitative food and beverages to
be offered and other additional services like theme park, bar and restaurant and travelling to local
destination facility. This maintains the satisfaction level of the customers efficiently (Zaitseva,
Goncharova and Androsenko, 2016.).
FOODS AND BEVERAGES
These are the most important operations functions of Marriate group that will either
provide the services of the famous food and beverages outlets like Starbucks, KFC, McDonalds
etc..This will provide support to organisation in revenue generation and getting high profitability
in market. A good food and beverage services act as the quality landmark and brand entity for
the hospitality firm (Zervas, Proserpio and Byers, 2017).
HOSPITALITY WITHIN TRAVEL AND TOURISM
The hospitality sector plays a very crucial and significant role in the executing of the
various functions that will help the firm to meet the needs and demands of the users of travel and
tourism industry in a better way. The hospitality industry firm consider after the various
measures that will help in handling of the wide variety of operation (Baum, 2015.). The
management of the hotel or hospitality firm consider after it to maintain their quality standards in
market. Other than this, it will provide the hospitality firm with an opportunity to adopt and
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acquire various practises and measures to meet the demands of the users or customers in a better
way (Walker, 2016).
HOSPITALITY SERVICES
in CONFERENCES AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT SERVICES.
A wide variety of the hospitality services have been taken under consideration to tackle
the services and functionalities that are necessary and crucial for the effective handling of the
events like conferences by providing the banquette hall or ball room and mirror room (Liu and
Park, 2015. ). Similarly, for the passenger transportation services, the hospitality firm will
provide the better vehicles to maintain the comfort level of the customers in effective way
TASK 2
2.1 ANALYSE the implications of integration to the hospitality industry and principle of
ownership.
The collaboration processes that are been taken into effective considerations will help the
hospitality firm to increase its productivity and handle the operations functions in better way
(Lopes, 2016.). This helps in meeting the needs and demands of the user in a very effective way.
This will also help in handling the various operation's relevant industry firm to maintain their
quality standards and meet the needs and demands of the tourists. Besides this, the integration
process consider after the better handling of the vast range of the operations functions which will
involve the better growth and development of the hospitality firm (Becker, 2016). This will help
the hotel firm to incorporate the various operations functions related to meeting the satisfaction
level of the user. It will help the firm to increase the operational efficiency in a better way and
improve the decision making power of the organisation that will help in handling the various
hospitality actions. This will help in the better management of resources and aids in its effective
utilization to gain a good sustainability (Bilgihan and et.al., 2016). Besides this, it considers after
and manage better handling of requirements of the clients in hospitality industry as well as from
that in travel and tourism industry.
There are two types of integration, that are been taken in consideration (Zervas, Proserpio and
Byers, 2017).
 Horizontal acquisition: It involves the practice of acquiring an organisation of firm that
will help in meeting the needs and demands of the company in a better way. It will help
the firm to cater the requirements of user in a better way by increasing the productivity
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(Schegg and Stangl, 2017). The horizontal approach will help in improving the functional
quality as well as the product and service standard of the cited hospitality firm. Besides
this, the integration process will help the Hilton group and its acquired firm to come up
with better products and services in order to increase the satisfaction level of its clients
and tourists from the travel and tourism industry (Oskam and Boswijk, 2016).
 Vertical integration: This involves the practices that will help in better handling of the
various operations functions of the company and meet the needs and demands of the
users in a better way (Battour and et.al., 2017.). The vertical integration approach will
help in better adoption of traits and qualities that will help in better growth and
development of a wide variety of hospitality operations functions. This approach is used
to gain a structural stability in the firm as well as the market and will help the operation's
organisation to improve its structural functioning of the cited and the acquired operations
firm (Kim and Jeong, 2018). These approach will also help in meeting the requirement on
organisational level and will support the effective growth and development of cited
operations firm. Other than this, it will help the firm to have a competitive advantage
over its rivals and provide their customer with high quality of product and service, to
have a good satisfaction level and revenue generation in market.
Principles of ownership:
These integrations process lays a very deep and significant impact on the overall
operations functions of the user that help the ownership of the firm and gain a better control over
the wide range of operations functions of hospitality operations firm (Ryan, 2015.). The increase
in the work efficiency and capabilities due to the integration process will help the firm to have a
better control over its functionality and have an effective sustainability in market. The integration
process will help in the better improvement of core understanding and knowledge of the
ownership in assets and entities that will be shared between the cited firm and its acquired
subsidiary. This will eradicate the conflicts and will help in better handling of operations
functions. The main motive behind the integration process is that it helps in improving the
operational efficiency of the company and supports the growth and development of a wide range
of operations functions (Kim and Jeong, 2018).
The Hilton group consider after the better handling of a wide range of operations
functions that will help in meeting the targeted goals (Ryan, 2015). Besides this, it will help the
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cited hospitality firm and its acquired subsidy to have a good control over the range of operations
functions. This will help the firm to have good control over the operations functions and gain a
better market sustainability (Oskam and Boswijk, 2016). Apart from this, the integration process
will help the hospitality operations organisation to have a financial stability and gaining a good
control over the operations functions.
2.2 How INTEGRATION PROCESS have affected hospitality operations.
The integration process have helped in better handling of the various operations functions
that will provide assistance in improving the overall functionality of the various operations
functions which will include the adoption of high class processes that will help the hospitality
firm to tackle the requirements of the users and improve their productivity and handling of the
various operations functions. This will help in better management of the various hospitality
functions (Becker, 2016). Other than this, the integration process will lead to the adoption of
innovative measures that will help the firm to meet the operational requirements of the
hospitality firm as well as users in a better way.
Other than this, it involves the involving the various departments of the various firms,
building a better coordination between them that will provide assistance in raising the quality
standard of company and also handling the operations actions such as marketing of products and
services, execution the operations functions, development of high quality products and services
in a very effective manner (Walker, 2016). This will improve the satisfaction level of the
customers and help them to meet in a better way. This will increase their performing capacity
and enable them to handle the operations functions.
Integration process had the following impact on the overall functionality of the hospitality sector
and travel and tourism industry are as follows:
 Reduction of independent operation's: The integration process will help in raising the
work efficiency of the work organisation. However, it reduces the freedom of taking the
effective decision for the organisation and carry out the trade in company (Gursoy and
Sandstrom, 2016. ). The acquired firm or acquiring firm consider after the participation in
the overall decision making which can lay an adverse and crucial impact on overall
functionality of a operations firm. Apart from this, collaboration the action performed by
one firm will lay the consequences on both (Battour and et.al. 2017). Other than this, a
decrease in the overall operational capacity of firm and will influence its profitability.
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 Economies of scale: It is an approach that includes the creation of savings in cost of
operations functions, which lead to increased level of production. This approach help in
better handling of operations functions that will, help in better management of operations
functions and gain sustainability in market. The integration process will help the cited
operations firm to gain a financial stability and will support the proper growth and
development of the operations firm. The rise in the production capacity will help the
cited hospitality firm and its subsidiary to have an economical viability (Bowie and et.al.,
2016. ). This also helps the firm to generate a better revenue and produce the high quality
goods and services that will help in better meeting of the targeted goals and provide the
customers or clients in hospitality as well as that of travel and tourism firm with high
quality of product and services (Bilgihan and et.al. 2016).
 Control of sub sectors: the integration process will help in gaining a better control over
the wide range of sub sectors that will help in better handling and management of the sub
sectors in which the firm will be operation. Especially the horizontal integration approach
will enable the operations firm to keep a close check on the measures considered. For
instance, the Hilton group will see through the effective execution of operations functions
like transportation, managing the needs and demands of the users and provide them with
high quality of services. The effective maintenance of relations with the subsidies and
other supportive segments in a operation will help the firm to gain sustainability, supports
better revenue generation and meet the needs and demands of its clients in a much better
way (Lopes, 2016).
 Increase in market share: This approach will help the cited operations firm to gain a
good control over the better management of the market share in a very effective way.
This is achieved by improving the work functionality and meeting the needs and demands
of the company (Gibson, 2017). This approach will also support the adoption of better
and effective operations measures that are innovative in nature and will support a
significant growth and development of cited hospitality firm as well as that of its acquired
subsidiaries. The rise in the production capacity will help in meeting the operations
functions and targeted goals, developing of innovative and high quality products and
services for clients and generate a good amount of revenue that will increase the customer
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satisfaction level and ultimately the growth in company's market share (Cook and et.al.,
2014. ).
 Standardisation and improved quality: The integration process will help the Hilton
group to gain a better idea about the operations functions and develop a good quality
product and services, fulfilling the standard set in hospitality sector. The adoption of new
and innovative measures and products will attract more and more customers towards the
firm, helping it to gain better sales of services and products associated with the
hospitality industry. The high quality product and services will help the firm to gain a
good control over the operations functions and improve the satisfaction level of clients
and customers (Liu and Park, 2015).
3.1 Decision are linked to target market:
Night club
UK population is around 66,573,504 which is growing;it has net migrants 180000 and
mostly youth. Present location will nearby the tourist destinations like London bridge and
supermarkets and restaurants.In the first block, there are already three thriving bars of 10 years
so to create a competitive advantage location is selected as 2 blocks (Walker, 2016). There is a
decline in this sector because youth are more alert for diseases from alcohol but this club will be
especially for fun and dance. Focus is mostly on students and migrants (younger generation). It
will consolidate into 5500 square foot nightclub and on engaged street with a registered license.
In the present era, nightclubs and bars are moving towards the concept of entertainment (Cook,
et.al., 2014). In this club various activities like some contest, dance competition and fun loving
games for couples. In daytime it might give some educational and professional course in
entertainment. This could be a multi-purpose area, i.e. learning while enjoying. Moreover, it
could be managed properly with proper discipline (Becker 2016.).
Mission-
The success of nightclub is usually based on ability to understand the consumer needs
and by fulfilling it. It's all about fun and people. Its mission is to create an environment which
makes them dance and enjoy. Such an environment could satisfy the taste and preferences with
high expectations and most important is not to be complacent after getting no. 1 position
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(Gibson, 2017). This club would not only be known for drink, dance and eat but for gathering
and mingling and to be a part of social competitive activities and related other events. This place
will be popularised for full of lighting, sound and best ambience.
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Keys to success
Proper feedback should be taken from the core customers to work on any improvement.
Some special offers and discount to first timers for emerging in the industry and to attract the
customer (Bowie,et.al, 2016).
 There will be live entertainment consumer.
 It will add features like wine and beer bar, live entertainment shows and an arcade area.
 Proper management of funds and not to burn their own fingers i.e. Work for margins not
for break even.
 There should be strict control on time and cost, i.e. Low operating cost.
 Social interaction with the concerts, some special events for regular and core customers.
 They will be providing access to a dance floor and musical entertainment.
 They will be serving both alcoholic beverages and non-alcoholic beverages.
Objectives
 Create an opportunity for best location or view.
 Inauguration of the club should be grand and memorable with one of the best celebrities.
 Strict rules on costs, operations functions, time and cash flow through automated
machines.
 Proper maintenance for infrastructure and all other facilities.
 Food costs would be affordable for youth
 It should exceed the expectations, sales and growth should be increased day-by-day and
proper implementation of the plan must be done
 It will generate revenues by food and beverages, gate/entertainment, Venue rental,
educational/professional course and membership fees.
 The main purpose is to maximize the revenue and creating a brand image with
competitive advantage.
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3.2 Hospitality operations include operational requirements of operations-
Nightclubs must be user friendly. They mainly known for usage of alcohol in parties that
leads to dangerous aspects for people safety. The human resource allocation at night club also
ensure to avoid alcohol in parties because They effect people health, night clubs usually new let
the alcohol in their parties they only trying to serve soft drinks. This is good for health.
Concept- It refers to hospitality operations people are daily go for night clubs, Some
people are addicted for spending their time in nights club, the ideas refers that people avoid
going nights clubs and they avoid to drink alcohol (Gursoy and Sandstrom, 2016). The human
resource allocation in hospitality industry ensure about the all kinds of operation's and
maintained them correctly like people they able to handle only 18 year age above people have to
use alcohol in parties.
Market research- According to it, human resource allocation wok in night club to
maintained market research and also handle all kinds of promotion for night clubs. People
especially youth prefer to go out during weekends or in evening time, after office hours.
Nightclub must be accessible to people as it is for people, people going to their and feel relax
their. And for research the night clubs should be at well placed and night clubs not serve any
junk food which impact on people life.
Target market- Market target mainly target to niche market, they include tourist and
operations travels and the local nightclub's crow and also the local service industry (Schegg and
Stangl, 2017). The market target mainly it target the younger generation who spend their lot of
time here and spend a lot.
Location- It must be situated in the heart of the city and must be located in those areas
where people can go easily. Some Night clubs are placed on out of city where people can
enjoyed with their family and friends and enjoying holiday their (Oskam and Boswijk, 2016).
Nightclubs are only for enjoying mainly for young generation they spend their all time in those
nightclubs (Zaitseva, Goncharova and Androsenko, 2016.). The human resource allocation in the
hospitality firstly ensured about location of nigh clubs because people are daily visit to the
nightclub's mostly the new generation are most of time spending night club. So the human
resource decided to maintained the location for night clubs are in centre of city area.
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Scale- Nightclubs mainly target at large-scale areas and mainly provide entertainment
facilities to people. Hospitality operations plans mainly refers that the market of nights clubs are
based on profit when the affected things are avoided form those places. The market of nightclubs
time-to-time increased and the all youth spending all nights their and having alcohol which is
injurious for health.
Funding –In this the human resource able to manage funding for the nigh clubs and
make successful business. In accordance to today's many nightclubs open on big platform and
many investors invest a lot because it has become a part of our generation. Some club owners
take loans to open it (Kim and Jeong, 2018). They understand that these operations is increasing
at a faster rate and earns profit. Alongside, the competitors use additional resources to enhance
their operations.
Product and services- Mainly in nightclubs people having alcohol and takes junk foods.
But some nights clubs provide fresh food and beverages which is good for health. They provide
services according to customer’s satisfaction and provide exceptional services which impact on
customers. They present simple yet qualitative menu of foods with friendly employable services
(Ryan, 2015).The food quality which is provided to customer is going to fresh and good (Zervas,
Proserpio and Byers, 2017 ). Apart from that human resource allocation have order to maintained
innovation in all kinds of goods and service and maintained all those service.
Licensing – For entry, it only includes adults, i.e. above 18 years and 21 years for
consumption of alcohol. Kids are not allowed and people with membership would be welcomed
for all the parties. They applied quality foods in there nightclub's. The human resource allocation
have work to make approval all kinds of licensing facilities like alcohol, membership etc.
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Caption: Nightclub Staff Hierarchy
Source:ttps://ny.eater.com/2009/12/15/6750135/the-eater-guide-to-nightclub-
staff-hierarchy

CONCLUSION
It can be inferred that better handling of operations functions in the hospitality sector,
will lay a very significant influence for operations functions. This report laid a significant focus
on various operations functions and obligations that are been taken in consideration for effective
handling of the various operations functions that will provide assistance in meeting the
requirements of the users in a better way. It puts an insight on the interrelation between travel
and tourism industry and their impact on each other for better growth and development..
Integration process, for effective development of rationale and operations plan to launch a user-
friendly service.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Zervas, G., Proserpio, D. and Byers, J.W., 2017. The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the
impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry. Journal of Marketing Research. 54(5). pp.687-
705.
Zaitseva, N.A., Goncharova, I.V. and Androsenko, M.E., 2016. Necessity of changes in the
system of hospitality industry and tourism training in terms of import
substitution. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues. 6(1).
Schegg, R. and Stangl, B., 2017, January. Information and Communication Technologies in
Tourism 2017. In Proceedings of the International Conference in Rome, Italy.
Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: The exploding operations of travel and tourism. Simon and
Schuster.
Walker, J.R., 2016. Introduction to hospitality. Pearson Higher Ed.
Cook, R.A.,et.al., 2014. Tourism: the operations of hospitality and travel. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Gibson, P., 2017. 2 Talent Management in the Hospitality and Tourism Context. Talent
Management in Hospitality and Tourism, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Limited. pp.17-
31.
Bowie, D.,et.al., 2016. Hospitality marketing. Taylor & Francis.
Gursoy, D. and Sandstrom, J.K., 2016. An updated ranking of hospitality and tourism journals.
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 40(1) pp.3-18.
Oskam, J. and Boswijk, A., 2016. Airbnb: the future of networked hospitality operationses.
Journal of Tourism Futures.2(1). pp.22-42.
Kim, H.J. and Jeong, M., 2018. Research on hospitality and tourism education: Now and future.
Tourism Management Perspectives. 25. pp.119-122.
Ryan, C., 2015. Trends in hospitality management research: a personal reflection. International
Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 27(3). pp.340-361.
Battour, M. and et.al., 2017. Islamic tourism: an empirical examination of travel motivation and
satisfaction in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism. 20(1). pp.50-67.
Bilgihan, A and et.al., 2016. Consumer perception of knowledge-sharing in travel-related online
social networks. Tourism Management. 52. pp.287-296.
Lopes, M., 2016. The hospitality industry (Doctoral dissertation).
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Liu, Z. and Park, S., 2015. What makes a useful online review? Implication for travel product
websites. Tourism Management. 47. pp.140-151.
Baum, T., 2015. Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change?–A 2015 reprise. Tourism
Management. 50. pp.204-212.
Tsang, N.K., Lee, L.Y.S. and Qu, H., 2015. Service quality research on China’s hospitality and
tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 27(3).
pp.473-497.
Claveria, O., Monte, E. and Torra, S., 2015. A new forecasting approach for the hospitality
industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 27(7).
pp.1520-1538.
Online
Scott solish. Dec 15, 2009. Nightclub Organizational Charts.
<https://ny.eater.com/2009/12/15/6750135/the-eater-guide-to-nightclub-staff-hierarchy>
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