401005 - Human Relations and Life Transitions - Report

Running Head: HUMAN RELATIONS AND LIFE TRANSITIONS1
Human relations and life transitions

HUMAN RELATIONS AND LIFE TRANSITIONS2
Introduction
The childhood is one of the crucial phases of everyone’s life. At that stage, the child learns
many things that help them in the long run of their life. Initially, they learn from their parents,
and then move to school and so on. If any of the phases is not properly guided then they may
take the wrong step. There are various theories that explain the different stages of the child,
provide the guideline about their freedom and responsibilities. The transition of life includes
several hurdles and challenges. So, learning the theories and adopting them in the daily life
will change the life of a child.
Scenario 2
Piaget's theory
The Piaget's theory of the cognitive development deals with the issues that how a
child constructs the mental model of the world. The theory works with the genetic
epistemology that is the origin of the thinking. The term genetics deals with the study from
where the things come from that are the origin(Bridges & Bridges, 2017). The Epistemology
is more interested about the elementary categories of thinking that is to speak, the overall
framework or architectural properties of the intelligence. The main aim of this theory is to
measure the ability of jack that how he count well, spell or solve the mental ability problems
called as Intelligence questions(Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2014).
According to the Piaget's theory, the mental structure of jack is different from the
others depending on which the learning and knowledge are based. The target of this theory is
to describe the different mechanisms by which the infant, then the child, grow into an
individual who is able to think and differentiate the various hypotheses. The three basic
components of the Piaget's cognitive theory are schemes, adoption process which enables the
transition in the children from stage to the other and the various stages of the cognitive
development(Kail & Cavanaugh, 2015).
Erikson's Theory
The Erikson theory of the social development of the children and teenagers consists of
eight stages of development. Each stage of the Erikson was regarded as the "psychological
crisis" which rises with the demand and the resolution of the previous stage and the next

HUMAN RELATIONS AND LIFE TRANSITIONS3
stage. The first stage of the development is learning about the basic trust and the mistrust. It
is the initial period of the infancy which is in between the first one or two years of life. When
the jack is natured well with full love and caring then hedevelops the trust and security. If the
reverse thing happens, that is if he are not handled properly then hebecame aggressive and
insecure(Leider, 2015). The second stage is the autonomy versus shame and doubt. It happens
in the early ages between the 18 months and three, when the children are trying to do the
things of their own and wants their full independence. They started moving away from their
parents, choose the things of their own, and make their own choice for their clothes and much
more(Moos, 2013).
Erikson theory states that if the parents allow them to do the things till the end, then they will
explore many things of their own abilities. It shows an encouraging nature of the parents
rather than having any shame or doubt with the ideas and intention of the children. A delicate
balance and support are required from the parent. If at this stage, children are encouraged and
supported by their parents then they will become more confident and brave in solving their
own problems(Newman & Newman, 2017). The situation is more familiar with the residents
of the USA where they are allowing the children to do their work until they require
assistance. They never criticize or control the children at this stage. The next stage describes
the initiative nature and guilt within the children. During the age of two to five years, the
children develop the feature of interacting with the other children at the school. It provides an
opportunity to explore their interpersonal skills through various initiatives. If this tendency is
muffled by any means like through criticism or control, then they will develop a sense of
guiltiness(Parkes & Prigerson, 2013).
Vygotsky's theory
The main goal of this nursing theory is to deal with the more complex cognitive
activities of jack which are governed and examined by various principles. The various tools
and semiotic signs are given to the children to do the things exactly as it is required. The
process engages the lower age limit children who are capable of doing their work or to solve
any problem of their own without taking any help from the others(Sigelman & Rider, 2014).
Jack is provided with the verbal training about the task and he gather more information about
it from various sources of their own. Headds new valid information in their existing mental
schemes in order to complete the task in time and also doing it independently.